Waje dalilai sun hada da cyclical ci gaban da tattalin arzikin ... waje dalilai na ci gaban tattalin arziki

A ci gaba da mai kasuwar tattalin arzikin ne ba kamar mike line, inda duk abin da ke gaba ɗaya da consistently. Yawancin lokaci, shi da yake faruwa ta hanyar yau da kullum rubucen da kuma hambarar da cewa sun rufe a cikin tsarin na m, saukarwa. A cyclical yanayin ci gaban tattalin arziki da aka bayyana a cikin kasuwar hawa da sauka cewa yana da wani lokaci-lokaci yanayi.

A tattalin arziki da sake zagayowar da manziloli

A ka'idar da cyclical ci gaban da tattalin arzikin da aka bayyana a cikin kowane littafi a kan profile batu. Industrial lokaci bincikar irin shahararrun masana kimiyya a matsayin Dzhozef Kitchin, Klement Zhuglyar da Saymon Smit Kuznets. Sun bayar da hujjar cewa tattalin arziki da sake zagayowar - wani canji a harkokin kasuwanci a cikin tsarin tattalin arziki, halin da kalaman-kamar da tazarar lokaci tsakanin wannan jihohin da yanayi.

A tattalin arziki da sake zagayowar ne zuwa kashi hudu bulan:

• Ganiya (hawan). Ikon samar kumbura: kasuwa yayi sabon samfurori da kuma ayyuka. Employment, ya lura da samun kudin shiga girma.
• Koma bayan tattalin arziki (matsawa). Production ne a hankali ragewa, bi da bi, da rage-rage amfani, jiko na zuba jari, GDP da kudin shiga.
• Koma bayan tattalin arziki (rikicin). The tattalin arzikin ya kai kasa, da kuma na wani lokaci a cikin irin wannan jiha.
• Revival. Production ne na girma, kawo kudaden shiga.

Cyclicity da wani tattalin arzikin kasar na iya zama daban-daban daga irin wannan tsari a matakin tattalin arzikin duniya da kuma macroeconomy matsayin dukan.

ciki haddasawa

A sakamakon da cyclical ci gaban da tattalin arzikin bayyana a matakin kwarewa. Bayan duk, kowane sabon mataki ne ba kwafi na baya daya: mutãne ilmantuwa daga kuskure da kuma yin canje-canje a kan gaba lokaci. Hakika, a yi babban tasiri cyclical aukuwa da kuma manufofin a kasar. Ware irin ciki dalilai da ya bayyana a kan jihar ta tattalin arzikin:

1. Production cuts sa ta wuce kima saki na dukiya. Sun kafa low bukatar saboda da high kasancewa da hauhawar farashin. A gaskiya, wadata ya wuce bukatar.
2. New abubuwa. Alal misali, tare da zuwan kwakwalwa a kasuwa, masana'antun na typewriters fara don rufe kasuwanci ko relocating cikin babban birnin kasar da ci gaban sauran sassa.
3. Monetary siyasa. Release of babbar yawa kudi halitta kumbura, a lokaci guda da rashin kasancewarsu take kaiwa zuwa wani dakushe samarwa da kuma raguwa a zuba jari.

A ciki dalilai sun hada da alƙaluma da halin da ake ciki, ci gaban zamantakewa Sphere, ilimi, al'adu a jihar, da kuma sauransu. Dukkan wadannan abubuwan suna kuma nuna a kan rayuwar talakawa 'yan ƙasa.

external tasiri

Yana kuma taka muhimmiyar rawa. Waje dalilai sun hada da cyclical ci gaban da tattalin arzikin:

• Soja mataki. A lokacin fadace- fadace, da tattalin arziki da aka gina a kan wani sabon "kalaman" - a saki harsasai da kuma kayan aiki ga 'yan tawaye. Jawo hankalin ƙarin manpower da kuma albarkatun. Lokacin da yaki ya ƙare, da dakushe ya auku.
• Innovation. Bã su da wani banbanci a kan farashin, zuba jari da bukatar da amfani.
• A tasiri na sauran abubuwan. Alal misali, a nan za ka iya hada tsalle a kan farashin man a duniya.

Waje dalilai iya hada da ci gaban da tattalin arzikin da kasashen waje da manufofin, ya bi ta gwamnati, kazalika da diplomasiyya sadarwa na jiha da kuma aiki a kasuwannin duniya. A sa na ciki dalilai da kuma samuwar kasashe daga waje da kuma haifar da wani yanayi a cikin abin da ya rataya da tattalin arziki, suna kuma kai tsaye na gwargwado ga shafar matakin da ingancin bangaren. A fili yake cewa tattalin arzikin ne cyclical, "embroiled" a cikin wannan hadadden tsari da kuma shi ne gaba daya dogara a kan shi.

Tattalin arziki da kuma War

Siyasa juyi, ƙungiyoyin jayayya ko mamayewa na wata kasa a kan ƙasa na iko - duk da wannan babu makawa take kaiwa zuwa mutum, mutum da tattalin arziki hasarori. M rikice-rikice m ba daya gona domin da yawa millennia, amma mafi manyan-sikelin kuma hallakaswa tabbatar XX karni. Biyu a duniya yaƙe-yaƙe da daya yakin basasa rocked fiye da daya jiha: da yawa mutanen da aka kashe, hare-haren da kuma masana'antu da aka lalata. Jama'a sha daga yunwa, kuma rashin tsari, tun da dukan ikon da aka jefa a samar da makamai masu linzami, tankuna da inji bindigogi.

The yaki da tattalin arzikin ne m Concepts. A farko, kawar da duka halaka duk da nasarorin da na biyu. A tarihin duniya akwai wani misali, a lokacin da a wata jihar da makamai rikici, zuwa jihar goyon noma a wani babban matakin da a wata hanya da ake bukata. A wannan yanayin, shi ne musamman m yakin basasa mafi m da kuma hallakaswa ba kawai ga tattalin arzikin amma kuma ga mutane da kansu. Lokacin da wani ɗan'uwa a makamai wa ci gaba, shi ne tare da musamman pronounced ta'adi da ƙeta, wanda kai tsaye rinjayar da matakin hallaka, ciki har da tattalin arziki.

misali Libya

Bari mu bincika yadda yaki za a nuna a kan rayuwar Libya. Amfani da makamai rikici a kasar ya ci gaba da 2011, tsakanin mabiya kashe shugaban Muammara Kaddafi gwamnati da kuma dakarun na kwamitin rikon. A lokacin da adawa 50 da mutane dubu ne suka mutu a cikin past shekaru hudu, da 'yan gudun hijira ya zama 10 sau more. The lambobin ci gaba da girma cikin sauri. Kimomi da tattalin arziki lalacewa bambanta: IMF ya ce game da 7.7 biliyan daloli, wasu tuntubar kamfanoni suna turawa $ 15 biliyan masana'antun man fetur, wanda ta wadãta, kuma ya kasance da babban breadwinner na mutane, shi ya rasa $ 50 biliyan ..

Tun lokacin da na waje dalilai, da cyclical ci gaban da tattalin arzikin su ne da farko da yaki, shi za a iya kammala kamar yadda wannan factor rinjayi halin da ake ciki a wannan harka. Tare da ci gaban zanga-zangar, ikon grabs Enterprises, arangama da hare-haren tattalin arzikin da ya auku a cikin duhun ta ci gaba. A tattalin arzikin kusan tsaya: mutane sun rasa sha'awa a samar, shi ne a yanzu su cimma burin - don nemo da gaskiya, kuma tsira.

Rawar da baki zinariya

Waje dalilai sun hada da cyclical ci gaban da tattalin arzikin da ake kira mai kona - kwatsam canje-canje a farashin abinci. Alal misali, a 1973, wani ƙungiyar na jihohin da suke da kaya na baki zinariya a kasuwannin duniya a cartel OPEC ya haddasa wani karuwa a cikin kudin da albarkatun. Wannan alama farkon daga cikin manyan tattalin arziki da rikicin a cikin postwar lokaci. A Amurka, da dakushe samar tsawon sama da shekaru biyu da kuma zambar kamar yadda 5%.

OPEC hada da irin kasashen Larabawa: Kuwait, Qatar, Libya, Syria, Saudi Arabia, Algeria, Iraki, Misira, Arabia da kuma Abu Dhabi. A general majalisa, suka yanke shawarar yanka man fetur kayayyaki zuwa kasashen da tallafawa Isra'ila ta manufofin. A cikin jerin, fãce for America, ta buga da Japan da kuma mafi na yammacin Turai. Tattalin arzikin daga cikin manyan manyan kasashen duniya, wanda suka dogara a kan baki zinariya, ya zama bakin ciki, saboda farashin kowace ganga ya tashi daga $ 2-3 zuwa 15. Da shi shi ne karo na farko a tarihi, a lokacin da domin dalilin siyasa da amfani da man fetur da makami.

sababbin abubuwa

A cyclical yanayin ci gaban tattalin arziki da aka bayyana a lokacin da masana kimiyya ƙirƙira wani sabon abu, manyan-sikelin da aikin. An, a akasin haka, da kyau sakamako a kan samar da ƙaruwa, inganta samfurin inganci da sauransu. Wani lokaci m mafita kawai mirgine kan tattalin arzikin a kan ta kai. Alal misali, a "bam" shi ne gina na duniya na farko railway. Yadda yawa dama ga tattalin arzikin bude sabuwar dabara. Yanzu za ka iya isar da kayan maza maza ya dubu mil bãya. Production ya karu. Mutane sun samu mai yawa jobs: a kan sosai Railway, kazalika da masana'antu da cewa ya fara massively bude a duk duniya iko.

Kamar yadda zamu iya gani, da waje Sanadin cyclical ci gaban da tattalin arzikin ne duk sababbin abubuwa. Idan ka zo da wani sabon dabara, shi ya ba da wata damar kara zuba jari, da yawa daga babban birnin kasar kaya. A wannan ci gaba ba zai zama kai tsaye sakamakon bude. Yana da wani sakamako na wani tsarin ba da bidi'a, wanda a halin yanzu zagayowar kai da tattalin arzikin ta zuwa ga iyakar ganiya na ci gaba.