Cikin shahararrun masana kimiyya na duniya da kuma Rasha. Wãne ne mafi shahara masanin kimiyya a duniya?

Biography of kowane masanin kimiyya ga mafi alhẽri fahimta hanyarsa ta zuwa babban nasarori da kuma dubi wasu ban sha'awa facts. Domin suna da wani tunani na hanyar cewa kimiyya da aka yi, ya zama dole ya yi nazarin a daki-daki, a kalla 'yan labaru na jagororin Figures.

A mafi muhimmanci Figures

A kowane daga cikin yankunan da ya kamata ka kula da mafi muhimmanci da masana kimiyya. Saboda haka, mafi kyau Birtaniya likita ya Fleming. A mafi muhimmanci kirkiro na Rasha - Popov. Leonardo Vinci, a matsayin gaskiya Renaissance mutumin, ya nuna wani m iri-iri na talanti. Pascal, Tesla da sauransu - da mafi kyau lissafi da kuma kimiyyar lissafi, wadda gudunmawarta za a iya gani a rayuwa ta zamani. Daya daga cikinsu - cikin shahararrun masanin kimiyya? Kowa ne ya cancanci hankalin daidai.

Alexander Fleming

A nan gaba kirkiro penicillin da aka haife shi a Agusta 1881 a kananan Scottish garin Lochfilde. Karbar a sakandare, sai ya tafi London, kuma ya kasance dalibi a Royal Polytechnic Institute. A da shawarar a sana'a likita da ɗan'uwansa Toma Aleksandr yanke shawarar yi kimiyya, da kuma a 1903 ya tafi aiki a asibiti na St. Mary da ya fara yi na tiyata. Bayan da yaki, inda ya gani da yawa mutuwar, Fleming yanke shawarar sami wani magani da cewa za su iya jimre cututtuka. Famous Birtaniya masana kimiyya sun yi aiki a kan batun, amma ba wanda ya gudanar ya cimma gagarumin sakamako. Abinda cewa an qirqiro - antiseptic, kawai rage m ayyuka na jiki. Fleming ya tabbatar da cewa wannan magani ba dace domin lura da zurfin raunuka. By 1928 ya soma nazarin staph kwayoyin daga iyali. Wata rana, bayan da ya dawo daga hutu, Fleming ya gano a kan tebur fungal mazauna cewa buga cutarwa kwayoyin. The masanin kimiyya yanke shawarar girma mold a m tsari da kuma ware daga ta penicillin. Har forties ya kyautata masa form, kuma nan da nan ya zama wata babban-sikelin samar da aka sanya a asibitoci. A shekarar 1944, tare da wani abokin aikinsa Flory samu wani Jaruman Nasara. Sunayen shahararrun masana kimiyya zo zuwa ga Nobel kwamitin, da kuma riga a 1945 da suka samu lambar yabo a fagen magani. The Royal College of Physicians Fleming sanya wani girmamawa memba. Ba duk aka sani Birtaniya masana kimiyya iya fariya irin nasarori. Fleming - an yi fice basira da kuma wani mutum ya cancanci ambaci a cikin wani jerin mafi kyau likitoci a duniya.

Gregor Mendel

Mutane da yawa sanannun masana kimiyya ba su samu cikakken ilimi. Alal misali, Gregor Mendel da aka haife shi a watan Yuli 1882 a wani iyalin manoma sauki da kuma horar da a tauhidin Cibiyar. Duk da a-zurfin ilmi game da ilmin halitta na da shi ya samu kansa. Ba da da ewa da ya fara koyarwa, sa'an nan ya tafi zuwa ga University of Vienna, inda ya fara shiga cikin matasan shuke-shuke. Tare da yawa gwaje-gwajen a Peas ya ka'idar gado dokokin. Sunayen shahararrun masana kimiyya sau da yawa addabi suka kasance sunã ƙirƙirãwa, kuma Mendel ya ba togiya. Gregor ne ba su da sha'awar a cikin ayyukan da ya Sahaban, ya yi watsi da aiki a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje da kuma ya zama mazaunin na sufi. A juyin juya halin Musulunci yanayin da ya binciken da su zurfi ma'ana ta bayyana ne kawai ga masana kimiyyar halitta a farkon karni na ashirin, bayan mutuwar Gregor Mendel. Famous Rasha da kuma duniya masana kimiyya amfani da ra'ayoyinsa yanzu. Mendel ta ka'idojin binciken a ainihin matakin a makarantu.

Leonardo Vinci

'Yan sanannun masana kimiyya a matsayin rare kamar yadda Leonardo. Ya kasance ba kawai an yi fice likita, amma kuma wani mai halitta, ya zane-zane da kuma sculptures fascinate mutane, a duniya, da kuma ya sosai rayuwa shi ne wani wahayi ga ayyuka: shi - sosai ban sha'awa da kuma m mutum. A mafi girma adadi na Renaissance da aka haife shi a Afrilu 1452. Tun suna yara, Leonardo yana sha'awar zane, gine da sassaka. Yana da aka bambanta da wani m ilimi na kimiyyar yanayin halitta, kimiyyar lissafi da kuma lissafi. Da yawa daga cikin ayyukan da aka kimanta kawai a wani karni, kuma Sahaban sau da yawa ba a kula da su. Leonardo ya m na da ra'ayin da jirgin sama, amma fassara ayyukansu ya gaza aikin. Bugu da kari, ya yi karatu da yawa daga cikin dokokin ruwa da kuma hydraulics. Famous Masana kimiyya da wuya shahara da kuma yadda artists. Leonardo ne mai girma artist, marubucin daga cikin shahararrun "Mona Lisa" da kuma zane-zane da "The Last bukin." Zauna bayan shi da yawa rubuce-rubucen. Mutane da yawa waje da kuma shahararrun masana kimiyya Rasha har yanzu amfani da aiki lokaci Vinci halitta shi har 1519 lokacin da ya mutu, alhãli kuwa a Faransa.

Blez Paskal

Faransa masanin kimiyyar da aka haife shi a Yuni 1623 a Clermont-Ferrand, a cikin hukunci da iyali. Pascal mahaifin aka san shi da soyayya na kimiyya. A 1631 da iyali koma Paris, inda Blaise ya rubuta na farko takarda game da sauti na fašakarwar gawarwakin - shi ya faru a lokacin da ya kasance kawai 11 shekaru da haihuwa. 'Yan sanannun masana kimiyya daga Rasha da kuma duniya iya fariya irin wannan farkon nasarar! Blaise mamakin mutane da ilmin lissafi ikon, ya ya iya tabbatar da cewa Naira Miliyan Xari da kusassari na alwatika ne daidai da biyu dama kusassari. A 16, ya rubuta a rubutun a kan heksagon rubũtacce a cikin da'irar. A ta da asali daga baya aka fi sani Pascal ta Theorem za a ci gaba. A 1642, Blaise ya ɓullo da wani inji kirga inji cewa zai gudanar da ayyukan na Bugu da kari kuma subtraction. Duk da haka, kamar wasu shahararrun masana kimiyya da kuma su binciken, Blaise da "Pascaline" ba zama ma sanannu daga Sahaban. Don kwanan wata, ya bambancin kan jigo na sarrafa kwamfuta inji aka adana a cikin mafi kyau gidajen tarihi a Turai. Bugu da kari, da invaluable taimako na Pascal a kimiyya - ta lissafinta zamani masana kimiyya.

Alexander Popov

Yawancin shahararrun Rasha masana kimiyya sun yi da sabuwar dabara, wanda yanzu amfani da dukan duniya. Wadannan damuwa da kuma Alexander Popov, mahaliccin rediyo, wanda aka haifa a cikin Ural kauye a iyali firist. Da farko ilimin da suka samu shi ne a wata makarantar addini, bayan wanda ya shiga seminary. Za Jami'ar St. Petersburg, Popov ya fuskanci kudi matsaloli, don haka a layi daya da karatu ya yi aiki. Alexander zama sha'awar kimiyyar lissafi da kuma fara koyar da shi a cikin Kronstadt. Daga 1901 ya yi aiki a matsayin wani farfesa Banana Engineering Institute a St. Petersburg, kuma daga baya ya zama ta rector. Babban amfani da ransa zauna qirqire da gwaje-gwajen. Ya yi karatu electromagnetic taguwar ruwa. A 1895 ya gabatar wa jama'a rediyo. Daga 1897 ya yi aiki a kan ta kyautata. Popov mataimakansa Rybkin da Triniti ya tabbatar da yiwuwar yin amfani da shi domin tallafi a ji alama. Popov ya yi gyare-gyare karshe, kuma haka haifar da na'urar, wanda yanzu shi ne a kusan kowane gida.

Nikola Tesla

Wannan masanin kimiyyar da aka haife shi a Austria-Hungary. Kamar Popov, Tesla ya dan wani firist. A 1870 ya sauke karatu daga makarantar sakandare, kuma ya tafi zuwa koleji, inda ya zama interested in lantarki aikin injiniya. A 'yan shekaru yi aiki a matsayin malami a makarantar sakandare, sa'an nan ya tafi zuwa ga University of Prague. A a layi daya, Nicola yi aiki a wani gidan waya kamfanin, sa'an nan - Edison. Duk da shekaru na horo kokarin ƙirƙira wani lantarki mota da cewa gudanar a kan alternating halin yanzu. Ta koma Amurka, inda ya shafe wata nasara aiki don inganta mota, halitta da Edison. Duk da haka, Tesla bai sami kudi daga cewa, sa'an nan sallama, kuma ya fara nasa dakin gwaje-gwaje a New York. By farkon karni na ashirin, Nikolai ya riga da dama patents - ya ƙirƙira mita mita da kuma wutar lantarki mita. A 1915 ya aka zabi ga Nobel Prize. Na taba daina aiki, kuma ya sanya wani gagarumin taimako ga kimiyya, ya rasu a 1943 bayan wani hatsari - Tesla buga ta a mota da kuma karye hakarkarinsa ya kai ga ma rikitarwa ciwon huhu.

Friedrich Schiller

Kamar yadda kowa ya sani, sanannun masana kimiyya na iya zama ba kawai a fagen daidai kimiyyar. An kyau kwarai misali ga wannan ne Friedrich Schiller - tarihi da kuma Falsafa wanda ya yi mai yawa ga yankunan na ilimi da kuma sanya wani invaluable taimako ga wallafe-wallafen al'adunmu. An haife shi a 1759 a cikin Mai Tsarki Roman Empire, amma a 1763 ya koma tare da iyalansa zuwa Jamus. A 1766 ya kasance a Ludwigsburg, inda ya sauke karatu daga Faculty of Medicine. Schiller fara yi karin a cikin tsarin ilmantarwa, da kuma a 1781 ta farko drama aka saki da kuma karbi wannan fitarwa zuwa wadannan shekara halshen a cikin gidan wasan kwaikwayo. Wannan yanki ne har yanzu dauke daya daga cikin na farko da mafi uspehnyh melodramas a Turai. A tsawon rayuwar Schiller yi aiki, fassarawa plays daga wasu harsuna, da kuma ta sanar da a jami'o'i na tarihi da kuma falsafa.

Ibrahim Maslow

Ibrahim Maslow - shaida da cewa sanannun masana kimiyya ba su kawai lissafi da kuma kimiyyar lissafi. Ka'idarsa na kai-actualization san kome. Maslow aka haife shi a 1908 a New York. Mahaifansa biyu da aka wulakantasu, kuma sunã ƙasƙantattu a kowane hanya tare da shi, da kuma yahudawa asalin shi ne dalilin da antisemitsskih antics daga takwarorina. Yana ci gaba a cikin wani karamin Ibrahim kasawarmu, hadaddun, saboda abin da yake boye a cikin dakin karatu da kuma ciyar da kwanaki for littattafai. Daga baya, ya fara hankali zauna a rayuwa - na farko a makarantar sakandare, musharaka cikin daban-daban clubs, sa'an nan a Sashen Aikin ilimin halin dan Adam, inda ya samu a shekarar 1931 a digiri. A 1937, Maslow zama memba na baiwa daga cikin koleji a Brooklyn, inda ya yi aiki mafi ransa. Lokacin da yaki ya fara, Maslow ya tabbatar m for sabis, amma a lokaci guda ya koyi abubuwa da yawa daga wannan jini taron - shi ya rinjayi na bincike a cikin filin agaji tunani. A 1943 Maslow ɓullo da ya shahara ka'idar dalili na mutum, wanda ya ce cewa kowane mutum yana da wani dala na bukatun cewa bukatar gamsuwa ga kai-actualization. A shekarar 1954 ya buga littafin "Motivation, kuma Hali", inda mafi girma, daki-daki ya bayyana ka'idar da kuma ci gaba da shi.

Albert Einstein

Duk wani tattaunawa a kan taken "shahararrun masana kimiyya da kuma su binciken" shi ne cikakken ba tare da ya ambaci Alberta Eynshteyna, da baiwa likita wanda shi ne a asalin na zamani ganewa na wannan kimiyya. Einstein aka haife shi a Jamus a 1879, ya ya kasance kullum suna fadin, kuma m yaron, bai tsaya fita idan aka kwatanta da sauran yara. Sai da lokacin dauke da Kant, Einstein gano da basira ga kimiyya. Wannan taimaka masa ya samu nasarar kammala karatu daga makarantar sakandare, sa'an nan da Polytechnic of Zurich a kasar Switzerland, inda ya koma. Back a kwalejin, ya fara rubuta daban-daban articles da sauran ayyuka, domin su gudanar da bincike. Hakika, a karshen shi ya jagoranci wani jerin binciken da aka sani a duniya - da ka'idar dangantakar, da photoelectric sakamako, Brownian motsi , da sauransu. Bayan wani lokaci, Einstein mayar da su cikin United States, suka zauna a can da aiki a Princeton da kuma ya kafa wata manufa - su yi aiki a kan wani hadade ka'idar da gravitational-electromagnetic filin.

Andre Marie Ampere-

Sanannun masana kimiyya a duniya da suka yi aiki a filin na kimiyyar lissafi, ba su iyakance ta Einstein. Alal misali, Andre Marie Ampere-aka haife shi a 1775 a Faransa. Mahaifinsa bai so ɗansa shi ya Karkasa, don haka ya koyar da kansa, kuma ya taimake su a wannan littafin. Ampere aka zahiri kawo har kan ayyukan Rousseau, wanda zai shafi daga baya aiki. Bayan juyin juya halin Musulunci da kuma mutuwar Amper mahaifin auri da kuma dawo al'ada. Ya ci gaba da koyar da kuma ya zama wani malamin lissafi da kuma sunadarai a daya daga cikin makarantu a 1802. Duk da haka, a lokaci guda, ya gudanar da bincike a kan ya shahara ka'idar yiwuwa, saboda wanda ya ke a cikin Paris Academy da kuma rubuta daya daga cikin mafi gane ayyukansu - "The ilmin lissafi ka'idar wasanni." A 1809, da makamantansu amps na'am da lakabi na farfesa, da kuma a 1814 ya zama memba na Academy of Sciences. Bayan da ya koma ga bincike a fagen electrodynamics, da kuma a 1826 halitta ya fi shahara aiki - "Scientific zane na ilmin lissafi ka'idar electrodynamic mamaki."