Aircraft. A tarihin firtsi

Game da samun kashe ƙasa, kuma Tsayar akwai kamar tsuntsaye, mutane mafarkin na tun fil azal. Abun Lura na feathered da shawara cewa ga jirgin da ake bukata ga mutum, fuka-fuki. Ancient Greek labari na Icarus da Daedalus gaya yadda aka gina da farko kai-sanya jirgin sama - fuka-fuki na gashinsa gudanar tare da kakin zuma. Wadannan da yanci heroes of yawa jarumi maza sun ɓullo da nasu zane na fuka-fuki. Amma mafarkansu tafi har a cikin sama bai zo gaskiya, da shi ya ƙare a cikin bala'i.

A mataki na gaba a cikin ƙoƙari na ƙirƙira aiki abin hawa ne da yin amfani da m fuka-fuki. Suna kore ta da ikon da kafafu ko makamai, amma kawai tafi kuma tãyar da dukan tsarin a cikin sama ba su iya.

Ba na zauna kuma ya nĩsanta da Leonardo Vinci. Known cin Leonardo tashi inji tare da m fuka-fuki, saita a tashin ta ikon ɗan adam tsoka. A farko da jirgin sama wanda aka tsara da m Italian masanin kimiyya da kuma kirkiro, an dauke da samfur na saukar ungulu. Leonardo wanda aka nuna wani inji sanye take da wata babbar propeller na flax impregnated sitaci abu ne 5 mita a diamita.

Kamar yadda ta yi ciki da zanen, da maza hudu sun kafin a juya da musamman makamai a cikin da'irar. Modern masana kimiyya ce cewa domin ya kawo wannan zane a tashin, tsoka ƙarfi daga mutane hudu da aka bai isa ba. Amma idan Leonardo Vinci amfani da matsayin jawo iko spring, ya Flying inji iya yin gajere, amma a real jirgin. A wannan tasowa kayayyaki ga flights Vinci bai daina, ya tsara sets cewa zai karu har zuwa ta hanyar iska ikon, kuma a cikin 1480s, kusantar da wani zane na wani na'ura "for tsalle daga duk wani tsawo ba tare da cutar da mutane." A na'ura, da hoto a cikin hoto ne ba sosai daban-daban daga cikin na zamani laima.

Duk yadda abin mamaki shi iya sauti, amma na farko da jirgin sama wanda ya dauki zuwa sama, aka hana fikafikansa. A karshen karni na sha takwas, da 'yan'uwa Montgolfier, Faransa Zhak Eten da Zhozef Mishel, ƙirƙira m balan-balan. A jirgin sama, cike da zafi iska iya dauke kaya ko mutane. Na farko mutum ya hau cikin sama a kan wani zafi iska balan-balan, balan-balan ya zama ir takwararta Jean-Francois de Rozier Pilatre. A watan daga baya, ya sanya wani zafi iska balan-balan a kamfanin da Marquis d'Arlandom farko free jirgin. Wannan ya faru a 1783.

Balan-balan-balan-balan koma da iska ta so, mutane suna tunanin game da sarrafawa jirgin. A 1784, shekara daya bayan na farko da jirgin a cikin wani balan-balan, sanannen masanin kimiyya, da lissafi, injiniya da kuma soja m Zhak MENE gabatar da airship aikin (fassara daga Faransanci kalmar ma'anar "sarrafawa"). Ya ƙirƙira wani elongated streamlined airships, Hanyar kayyade da nacelle da ball ballonet cika a cikin harsashi ga gas leaks. Kuma mafi muhimmanci - Meunier jirgin sama da aka sanye take da wani propeller cewa rotates, na yi tura zane gaba.

Kawai don gane da m ra'ayin Jacques Meunier a lokacin ba zai yiwu ba, da dama propeller ya ba tukuna aka ƙirƙira.

A cikin wani hali, godiya ga ci gaban da masana kimiyya na da ƙarni kuma su na gida jirgin sama sanya yiwu ci gaban zamani jirgin sama da kuma fitowan na azumi, na ɗaki ne kuma abin dogara da jirgin sama.