Greek lissafi Euclid: biography na masanin kimiyya, bude da kuma ban sha'awa facts

Mun bayar da ku don samun matsahi na saba da babban lissafi kamar yadda Euclid. Biography, a takaice na da babban aiki da kuma wasu ban sha'awa facts game da wannan masanin kimiyya aka gabatar a wannan labarin. Euclid (shekaru na rayuwa - 365-300 BC ..) - lissafi, Magana game da Helenawa zamanin. Ya yi aiki a Alexandria a karkashin Talomi na Soter. Akwai biyu main versions na inda aka haife shi. Kamar yadda na farko - a Athens, a cewar wani na biyu - a Taya (Siriya).

Biography of Euclid: Interesting Facts

Game da rayuwar wannan masanin kimiyya ne da aka sani ba sosai. Akwai sakon cewa nasa Pappa Alexandria. Wannan mutumin nan lissafi wanda ya rayu a 2nd rabin karni 3rd AD. Ya lura da cewa mu da sha'awar a cikin kimiyyar da aka irin da m tare da dukan waɗanda suke ko ta yaya iya taimakawa wajen ci gaban wadanda ko wasu ilmin lissafi kimiyyar.

Akwai kuma wani labari cewa ya ce Archimedes. Its babban harafin - Euclid. Taqaitaccen Tarihin yara yawanci unshi da labari, kamar yadda yana da matukar m, kuma zai iya samar da ban sha'awa a cikin ilimin lissafi a matasa masu karatu. Ya furta cewa, sarki Talomi so ya yi nazarin lissafi. Duk da haka, shi ya juya fitar da cewa shi ne, ba sauki aikatãwa. Sa'an nan sarki ya kira da masanin Euclid, kuma tambaye shi ko akwai wani sauki hanyar fahimta da kimiyya. Amma Euclid ya amsa da cewa babu wani sarauta hanya zuwa lissafi. Saboda haka shi ne mai magana da cewa ya zama winged, zo mana a cikin nau'i na Legends.

A farkon karni 3rd BC. e. Ya kafa Alexandria Museum da Library of Alexandria Euclid. Brief biography da kuma binciken da ake dangantawa da wadannan biyu cibiyoyin, wanda shi ne ma horo cibiyoyin.

Euclid - wani almajiri daga Plato

Wannan masanin kimiyyar ya wuce ta cikin Academy tushen Plato (ya hoto da aka gabatar a kasa). Ya koya babban ra'ayin da wannan falsafa zurfin tunani, wanda shi ne cewa akwai wani raba duniya na ideas. Yana da hadari a ce Euclid, wanda biography ne rowa da cikakken bayani, wani Platonist falsafa. Wannan saitin ƙarfafa masanin kimiyya a gane cewa duk abin da aka halitta da kuma aka bayyana ta da shi a cikin "Principia," yana da na har abada.

Mu ne sha'awar wani zurfin tunani wanda aka haifa 205 bayan shekara Pythagoras, a cikin '63 - Platon, 33 - Eudoxus, 19 - Aristotle. Ya gana da su falsafa da kuma ilmin lissafi ayyukansu ko dai da kansa ko ta hanyar shamaki ba.

Communication "Abubuwa" na Euclid da ayyukan sauran malaman

Proclus, da Falsafa-Platonist (shekaru na rayuwa - 412-485), marubucin comments a kan "farkon", na nuna cewa, a cikin wannan aikin nuna cosmology na Plato da kuma "Pythagorean rukunan ...". A cikin bincikensa na Euclid ya kayyade ka'idar da zinariya sashe (littattafai 2nd, 6th kuma 13th) da kuma na yau da kullum polyhedra (Littafi 13th). Kamar yadda wani mai goyon bayan Platonism, da masanin kimiyyar gane cewa "farkon" taimako zuwa ga cosmology na Plato da kuma ra'ayoyin ci gaba da magabata, na da wani lamba jituwa da characterizes talikai.

Ba wanda Proclus yaba Platonic daskararru da zinariya sashe. Iogann Kepler (shekaru na rayuwa - 1571-1630) ne kuma sha'awar a gare su. Wannan Jamus falakin lura cewa lissafi yana da biyu taskõkin - shi ne na zinariya rabo (division na wani yanki a tsakiyar da kuma nisa aboki) da kuma Pythagorean Theorem. Darajar da na karshe wanda ya kwatanta da zinariya, da farko - da duwatsu masu daraja. Iogann Kepler amfani da Platonic daskararru, a cikin halittar da cosmological jarrabawa.

Darajar "Fara"

A littafin "Fara" - shi ne babban aikin, wanda aka halitta da Euclid. A tarihin wannan masanin kimiyyar, ba shakka, ya lura da sauran ayyuka, abin da muka bayyana daga baya a cikin labarin. Ya kamata a lura da cewa aikin da ake kira "Fara", wanda saita fita duk da muhimmanci facts na msar tambayar ilmin lissafi da kuma lissafi, da kuma harhada by da magabata. Daya daga cikinsu - Hippocrates na Chios, wani lissafi da suka rayu a cikin 5th karni BC. e. Theudas (2nd rabin na 4th karni BC. E.) Kuma Leontes (4th karni BC. E.) Har ila yau, ya rubuta wani littafi da cewa take. Duk da haka, tare da zuwan Euclidean "na fara" duk wadannan ayyukan da aka tura daga amfani. Euclid ta littafi ne mai asali littafi a kan lissafi ga kan 2 shekara dubu. Scientist samar da aikinsa, ta amfani da dama daga cikin nasarorin da magabata. Euclid ya sarrafa da samuwa bayanai da kuma kayan kawo tare.

A cikin littafinsa, marubucin taƙaice ci gaban ilmin lissafi a zamanin tsohuwar Girka, kuma Ya halitta wani m tushe domin kara binciken. Wannan shi ne muhimmancin Euclid babban aiki domin duniya na falsafa, lissafi, da kuma duk kimiyya a matsayin dukan. Yana zai zama daidai ba ne a gaskata cewa shi ne ya karfafa Sufi na Plato kuma Pythagoras a cikin psevdomirozdanii.

Mutane da yawa masana kimiyya sun kiyasta da "farkon" na Euclid, ciki har da Albert Einstein. Ya lura cewa, wannan abu ne mai ban samfurin cewa ba tunanin mutum ya yarda da kai dole domin kara aiki. Einstein ya ce cewa mutumin da ba a ganin darajarsa a cikin matasa wannan halitta da aka haifa ba ga ka'idojin bincike.

axiomatic hanyar

A wani raba bayanin kula da tamanin da aiki na kimiyyar da muka kasance sha'awar wani m zanga-zanga na axiomatic dabarar a cikin "Principia". Wannan hanya da zamani a ilmin lissafi shi ne mafi tsanani daga waɗanda cewa ana amfani da su gaskata theories. A makanikai, an kuma yi amfani da ko'ina. Babban masanin kimiyya Newton gina da "Principles of Natural Falsafa" aiki model abin da ya halitta Euclid.

Biography of amfani mana marubucin ya cigaba da bayyana babban arziki da da babban aiki.

Babban arziki da "farkon"

A cikin littafin "Principles" saita fita tsare Euclidean lissafi. Its daidaita tsarin dogara ne a kan Concepts, kamar jirgin sama, a mike, ma'ana, motsi. Relations cewa an yi amfani da shi, da wadannan: "wani batu located a kan mike layin kwance cikin jirgin sama" da kuma "batu ne dake tsakanin sauran maki biyu."

Tsarin arziki na Euclidean lissafi, gabatar a wani zamani gabatar, yawanci raba cikin 5 kungiyoyin na axioms: motsi, domin, a ci gaba, da kuma hade da layi daya na Euclid.

The goma sha uku littattafai na "farkon" Masana kimiyya gabatar da ilmin lissafi, stereometry, planimetry, dangantakar Eudoxus. Ya kamata a lura da cewa gabatarwa a cikin wannan aiki tsananin deductively. A definition farawa kowane littafi na Euclid, kuma na farko da na su bi da axioms da postulates. Bugu da ari, akwai shawarwari a kan rarraba ayyuka (inda dole cewa wani ginawa) da kuma Theorem (inda dole ka tabbatar da wani abu).

Rashin ilmin lissafi na Euclid

Babban drawback ne cewa wannan axiomatic masanin kimiyya rasa cikawa. Babu axiom na motsi, ci gaba da kuma oda. Saboda haka, masana kimiyya sau da yawa da ya dogara da ido, da yin amfani da diraya. Books 14th da 15th - a mafi kwanan nan tarawa da aikin, marubucin wanda - Euclid. Tarihinsa yana da kawai wani sosai short, don haka ba za ka iya cewa don tabbatar ko ta farko 13 littattafai aka halitta da mutum daya, ko kuma suna da sakamakon da na gama aikin na makaranta, wadda aka jagorancin wani masanin kimiyya.

Kara ci gaba da na kimiyya

Ana zargin Euclidean lissafi ake dangantawa da abin da ya faru na gani wakilci na duniya kewaye da mu (da haskoki na haske, ya miƙa filament a matsayin hoto na madaidaiciya Lines da sauransu. N.). Su zurfafa, don haka cewa akwai wani karin m fahimtar wannan kimiyya, kamar yadda lissafi. N. I. Lobachevsky (shekaru na rayuwa - 1792-1856) - Rasha lissafi wanda ya yi wani muhimmin samu. Ya lura da cewa akwai wani lissafi da cewa ya bambanta daga Euclidean. An canza masana kimiyya 'ra'ayi game da sarari. Sai ya juya daga cewa su ba priori. A wasu kalmomin, da lissafi saita kawo a cikin "Abubuwa" na Euclid, ba za a dauke da kawai ya bayyana da kaddarorin na sarari da na kewaye da mu. ci gaba na halitta kimiyya (musamman ilmin taurari da kimiyyar lissafi) ya bayyana cewa da shi ya bayyana tsarin kawai tare da wasu daidaito. Bugu da kari, ba za a iya amfani da dukan sarari a matsayin dukan. Euclidean lissafi - wannan shi ne na farko da kusancin da fahimtar da bayanin da tsarin.

Af, Lobachevsky rabo ya ban tausayi. Ya aka ba su yarda a duniyar kimiyya domin su tsoro tunani. Duk da haka, da gwagwarmaya na masanin kimiyyar kuwa ba a banza. The rabo daga cikin ideas samar Lobachevsky, Gauss, wanda rubutu da aka buga a shekara 1860. Daga cikin haruffa akwai Rave reviews game da masanin kimiyyar lissafi Lobachevsky.

Sauran aiki Euclid

Babban sha'awa a zamaninmu ne biography na Euclid a matsayin masanin kimiyya. A lissafi, ya sanya muhimmanci binciken. Wannan ya tabbatar da cewa tun 1482 "farkon" littafi yana da fiye da ɗari biyar wallafe cikin harsuna daban daban. Duk da haka, da biography na lissafi Euclid aka alama ba kawai halittar wannan littafi. Ya rike wani yawan ayyuka a kimiyyan gani da hasken wuta, ilmin taurari, dabaru, music. Daya daga cikinsu - cikin littafin "Data", abin da ya bayyana yanayin da sa shi yiwuwa a yi la'akari da "to" wannan ko ilmin lissafi iyaka image. Sauran aiki Euclid - littafin a kan kimiyyan gani da hasken wuta, wanda ya ƙunshi bayani game da nan gaba. Mu ne sha'awar da masanin kimiyyar rubuta wata} asida da catoptrics (ya aza a cikin wannan aiki da ka'idar hargitsi tasowa a cikin madubi). Da aka sani kuma littafin Euclid kira "division na Figures." Aiki a ilmin lissafi "The ƙarya karshe", da rashin alheri, ya ba tsira.

Saboda haka, ba ku sadu da irin wannan girma da masana kimiyya a matsayin Euclid. Taqaitaccen Tarihin shi, da fatan, zama da amfani a gare ka.