White taurari: sunan, description, halaye

Idan ka duba a hankali a dare sama, yana da sauki lura cewa taurari, da suke neman a mana, daban-daban a cikin launi. Bluish, fari, ja, su ne santsi da kuma flicker, kamar Kirsimeti itace garland. The kawo nesa kusa launi bambance-bambance zama mafi bayyana. A dalilin abu don irin bambancin da yake a cikin zafin jiki na photosphere. Kuma, duk da ma'ana zato, mafi zafi ba ja, da kuma shuɗi, da fari da kuma shudi da fari taurari. Amma da farko abubuwan da farko.

na rarrabuwa

Stars - babbar glowing bukukuwa, kunsha na gas. Wannan, kamar yadda muke ganin su daga duniya, ya dogara da yawa sigogi. Alal misali, taurari ba a zahiri Madhuri. Dubi wannan ne mai sauqi: shi ne isa zuwa tuna da rana. flicker tasirin ne ke faruwa saboda gaskiyar cewa haske daga basamaniyai mana, nasara da interstellar matsakaici, cike da kura da kuma iskar gas. Wani abu - launi. Yana da wani sakamako na dumama bawo (musamman photosphere) zuwa wani yanayin zafi. A gaskiya launi iya zama daban-daban daga, amma bambanci ne yawanci kananan.

Yau, a duk faɗin duniya amfani da Harvard na rarrabuwa na taurari. Ya dogara ne a kan zafin jiki da kuma tsari da kuma zumunta intensities na na Lines. Kowane aji yayi dace da taurari wani launi. A rarrabuwa ya Harvard Observatory a 1890-1924 gg.

A tsabta-shaven Banasare Dates chewed kamar karas

Na asali na bakwai azuzuwan: O-B-A-F-G-K-M. Wannan jerin nuna a hankali a hankali karu a zazzabi (daga Yã zuwa M). Domin ta, akwai na musamman Mnemonic haddacewa dabarbari. A Rasha, daya daga cikinsu shi ne: "A tsabta-shaven Banasare Dates chewed kamar karas." Wadannan azuzuwan ƙara biyu more. Haruffa S da kuma C ana denoted da sanyi haske karfe oxides makada a bakan. La'akari da gagarumi azuzuwan mafi:

• A ajin na da mafi surface zafin jiki (30 zuwa 60 tysyach Kelvin). Stars na da irin wannan wuce rãnã da nauyi 60, da kuma radially - 15 sau. Su bayyana launi - blue. Luminosity su ne gaba na mu star fiye da miliyan sau. Blue Star HD93129A, na ga wannan aji, halin da daya daga cikin mafi girma da exponents na luminosity na san wani sarari suKe jikinsu. Tunzura shi gaba na Sun 5 sau miliyan. Blue Star aka located a nesa na 7500 haske shekaru daga gare mu.
• Class B yana da zazzabi na 10-30 dubu Kelvin, wani taro 18 sau mafi girma daga wannan siga na rana. Wannan fari da kuma shudi da fari taurari. Su kewayon ne mafi girma fiye da na Sun, 7 sau.
• Class A yana da zazzabi a 7.5-10 dubban Kelvin radius da taro na fi 2.1 da kuma 3.1 sau daidai da irin wannan sigogi rana. Wannan fari taurari.
• Class F: zazzabi na 6000-7500 K. Massa mafi hasken rana 1.7 sau, da radius - 1.3. A Duniya, kamar taurari sun bayyana, fari, da gaskiya launi - yellowish-fari.
• Class G: zazzabi na 5-6 dubu Kelvin. Wannan aji hada da rana. A fili da kuma gaskiya launi daga wadannan taurari - rawaya.
• Class K: 3500-5000 K. A zafin jiki na taro kuma radius na kasa da hasken rana dokoki 0.9 da kuma 0.8 sau da m haske siga. Bayyane daga ƙasa launi daga wadannan taurari - yellow-orange.
• Class M: 2-3,5 dubu Kelvin zazzabi. A taro da radius - 0.3 da kuma 0.4 daga cikin irin wannan Sun sigogi. A surface na duniya tamu, suka duba ja da orange. A ajin M ciki Beta da kuma Alpha Andromedae Chanterelles. The haske ja star, saba wa da yawa - shi ne Betelgeuse (Alpha Orionis). Shi ne mafi kyau ga nemi shi a cikin sama, a hunturu. Red Star aka located sama da kuma dan kadan to hagu na Orion ta bel.

Kowane aji ne zuwa kashi subclasses daga 0 to 9, wato, daga cikin mafi zafi da coldest. Non taurari wakiltar na zuwa wani musamman na irin da mataki na dumama photosphere idan aka kwatanta da sauran taurari a cikin kungiyar. Alal misali, Sun nufin da G2 aji.

Kayayyakin aikin fari

Saboda haka, star azuzuwan B ta hanyar F iya duba fari daga Earth. Kawai abubuwa da ake alaka da A-type, suna da launi zahiri. Saboda haka, star na Saif (Orion) da kuma Algol (Beta Persei) Kiyayewa, ba wani m kawo nesa kusa ze fari. Sun kasance a cikin na aji B. Su gaskiya launuka - blue da fari. Har ila yau, ya bayyana farin Mifrak da Procyon, da haske star a cikin wani sarari suKe Figures Perseus da Canis Ƙananan. Duk da haka, su gaskiya launi kusa da rawaya (F aji).

Me ne ne taurarin fari ga wani mai tsaro a duniya? Launi ne gurbata saboda babbar nesa da ya raba wannan duniya tamu daga irin wannan abubuwa, kazalika da girma na gas, da ƙura girgije, sau da yawa ci karo da a sarari.

aji A

White taurari ne halin ba haka high zafin jiki a matsayin wakilan da aji Ya kuma B. Su photosphere heats up to 7.5-10 miliyan Kelvin. Star na na aji fi yawa da rãnã. Su luminosity kuma mafi - game da 80 sau.

A jere na A taurari furta hydrogen Lines daga cikin Balmer jerin. Sauran abubuwa na line ne da yawa weaker, amma su suna samun mafi muhimmanci kamar yadda muka matsa daga subclass A0 zuwa A9. Domin da Refayawa, kuma supergiants game da na aji A dan kadan kasa pronounced halayyar Lines na hydrogen fiye da babban jerin taurari. A hali na wadannan Lines haske zama mafi m nauyi karafa.

By na aji A shafi mai yawa peculiar taurari. A wannan lokaci tana nufin haske da ciwon bayyane fasali a bakan, jiki da sigogi, wanda ya sa ya wuya a rarraba su. Alal misali, a fairly rare irin lambda Bootes taurãri halin da rashin nauyi karafa da kuma sosai m juyawa. Daga cikin peculiar haske shiga da fari dwarfs.

Class A rike da irin wannan haske abubuwa na dare sama, Shi'ira, Menkalinan, Aliot, Castor da sauransu. Bari ta samun Masana su kusa.

Alpha Canis

Shi'ira - haske, ko da yake ba nan da nan, da star a cikin sama. Distance to shi - 8.6 haske shekaru. Domin a terrestrial Kiyayewa ta bayyana haka mai haske saboda yana da ban sha'awa girma kuma duk da haka cire ba kamar yadda wasu manyan da haske abubuwa. Mafi kusa star zuwa Sun - ne alpha Centauri. Shi'ira a kan wannan jerin ne a karo na biyar wuri.

Yana nufin da ƙungiyar taurari Canis , kuma shi ne mai tsarin na biyu aka gyara. Shi'ira Shi'ira A da B suna rabu da nesa na 20 AU da kuma juya su tare da wani lokaci na dan kasa da shekaru 50. A farko bangaren na tsarin - babban jerin star, nasa ne da na aji A1. Its taro ne sau biyu a rana, da kuma radius - 1.7 sau. Ana iya gani da ido tsirara daga Earth.

Na biyu bangaren na tsarin - fari Dwarf. The star Shi'ira B ne kusan daidai ga luminary da nauyi, wanda shine sabon abu domin irin wannan abubuwa. Yawanci, fari dwarfs ne halin da wani taro na 0.6-0.7 hasken rana. A wannan yanayin, girman Shi'ira B kusa da ƙasa. An zaci cewa fari Dwarf mataki fara wannan star ne kamar miliyan 120 da suka wuce. Lokacin da Shi'ira B aka located a kan babban jerin, shi yiwuwa wani haske nauyi tare da wata 5 kuma bi hasken rana na aji B.

Shi'ira A bisa ga masana kimiyya, za ta motsa zuwa mataki na gaba juyin halitta kamar 660 da miliyan shekaru. Sa'an nan, ya jũya a cikin wani ja giant, da kuma kadan daga baya - wani farin Dwarf, kamar ma'abucinsa.

Alfa Eagle

Kamar Shi'ira, da yawa fari taurari, sunayen da aka jera a kasa, saboda da haske da kuma sau da yawa da aka ambata a shafukan da almarar kimiyya kasance saba ba kawai ga mutanen da suke da m na ilmin taurari. Altair - daya daga cikin manyan malaman. Alfa Eagle da aka samu, misali, Ursuly Le Guin da Stivín Sarki. A dare sama, wannan star ne a fili bayyane saboda da haske da kuma zumunta kusanci. A nesa tsakanin Sun da Altair, shi ne 16.8 haske shekaru tafi. Daga cikin taurarin na irin A ne mafi kusanta zuwa gare mu fãce Shi'ira.

da nauyi na Sun Altair wuce 1.8 sau. Its halayyar alama ne mai matukar sauri juyawa. Daya juyin juya halin a kusa da axis na star sa kasa da tara hours. da juyawa gudun a ekweita - 286 km / s. A sakamakon "smart" Altair mĩƙe a zura sandunan ɗaukarsa. Bugu da ƙari, saboda elliptical siffar daga sandunan zuwa ekweita zazzabi tayi haske taurari. Wannan sakamako ne da ake kira "nauyi duhun".

Wata sifa ta Altair cewa ta luster da lokaci canza. A nasa ne da irin m Delta Shield.

alpha Lyrae

Vega - mafi karatu star bayan da rana. Alpha Lyra - na farko star, wanda ya m zangon. Ta zama na biyu bayan da Sun star, hotonta a hoton. Vega zo a kuma daya daga cikin na farko da taurari da suke auna nesa da parlaksa. A dogon lokacin da kwarjinin haske dauka a matsayin 0 for kayyade magnitudes na sauran abubuwa.

Saba Alpha Lyrae kuma mai son falakin, kuma a mere Kiyayewa. Yana da na biyar haske cikin taurari, shiga cikin Summer Bamuda asterism da Altair da Deneb.

A nesa daga Sun zuwa Vega - 25,3 haske-shekara. Its Equatorial radius da taro na girma na irin wannan sigogi a cikin luminary 2,78 da kuma 2.3 sau, bi da bi. Star siffar ne da nisa daga wani m duniya. A diamita a ekweita fi yawa da a zura sandunan ɗaukarsa. A dalilin - wata babbar gudun. A ekweita, ya kai gare shi 274 km / s (ga Sun, wannan zabin ne kadan fiye da biyu kilomita ta biyu).

Daya daga cikin siffofin Vega - ta kewaye m faifai. Mai yiwuwa, shi ne sakamakon da babban yawan collisions na comets da meteorites. Dust faifai rotates a kusa da wani star, kuma shi ne mai tsanani da mataki na radiation. A sakamakon haka, shi qara tsanani da infrared radiation na Vega. Ba haka ba da dadewa da aka samu a cikin jeri na Disc. The m bayani a gare su - gaban taurari a akalla daya duniyar tamu.

alpha Tagwaye

Biyu haske abu a cikin ƙungiyar taurari Gemini - Castor ne. Ya kuma, kamar baya fitilu, yana nufin da na aji A. Castor - daya daga cikin haske taurari a cikin dare sama. A daidai jerin, shi ne located a 23 wuri.

Castor ne a mahara tsarin hada da shida aka gyara. Biyu na asali rabi (Castor Castor A da B) suna juyawa da kowa cibiyar taro tare da wani lokaci na 350 shekara. Kowace daga cikin biyu taurari ne a spectroscopic binary. Aka gyara na Castor A kuma Castor a cikin ƙasa da haske da kuma kamata ya na aji M.

Tare da Castor shi aka ba nan da nan hade da tsarin. Da farko, an tsara shi a matsayin mai zaman kanta star YY Gemini. A kan aiwatar da bincike a cikin wannan filin da ya zama sananne sama, shi ne jiki hade da star Castor tsarin. The star ne juyawa a kusa da wani na kowa cibiyar taro domin duk aka gyara tare da wani lokaci na tsawon waxansu dubban shekaru da kuma shi ne ma mai spectroscopic binary.

beta Aurigae

Samaniya Auriga adadi ya hada game da 150 "da maki", da yawa daga cikinsu - yana da fari taurari. Sunayen taurarin kadan ce mutumin nĩsantarwa daga ilmin taurari, amma wannan ba ya rage su muhimmancin da kimiyya. The haske abu a cikin wani sarari suKe adadi shafi cikin na aji A, shi ne Menkalinan ko Beta Aurigae. Star sunan a Larabci tana nufin "mai shi daga cikin kafada da reins."

Menkalinan - sau uku tsarin. Its biyu aka gyara - subgiants na aji A. The haske kowane daga cikinsu ya wuce irin wannan siga na Sun 48 sau. Suna rabu da nesa na 0,08 astronomical naúrar. The uku bangaren - mai ja Dwarf cire daga wata biyu da 330 a. e.

Epsilon Ursae

The haske "dot" a watakila mafi shahara daga cikin arewacin sama ƙungiyar taurari (Ursa Major) - shi Aliot, kuma na ga aji A. A fili darajar - 1,76. A cikin jerin da haske Starlight darajõji 33rd. Aliot ne wani ɓangare na asterism Big Dipper da sauran manyan malaman ne mafi cancanta ga kwano.

Alioto bakan halin da m Lines, komowa tare da wani lokaci na 5.1 kwanaki. An zaci cewa halaye hade tare da rinjayar da Magnetic filin na star. Hawa da sauka daga bakan, bisa ga kwanan nan data, na iya faruwa saboda da kusa tsari na m jiki tare da wani taro na game da 15 wt Jupiter. Saboda haka, ko da shi ne har yanzu asiri. Ta, kazalika da sauran asĩri a cikin, da taurari, da ilmin Taurari kokarin fahimtar kowace rana.

fari dwarfs

A labarin game da fari taurari za su zama bai cika ba tare da ya ambaci mataki na ci gaba da taurari, wanda ake cewa da wani "fari Dwarf." Its sunan wannan abubuwa ne saboda gaskiyar cewa na farko samu na su mallakar na aji A. Yana da aka Shi'ira B da kuma 40 Eridani B. Don kwanan wata, wani fari Dwarf aka kira wani bambance-bambancen da karshe mataki na rayuwa na wani star.

Bari mu bincika a cikin mafi daki-daki a cikin rayuwar sake zagayowar daga manyan malaman.

gagarumi juyin halitta

A dare daya, da taurari ba su haife: wani daya daga cikinsu ya wuce ta dama, saukarwa. Na farko, wani gajimare na gas, da ƙura fara mu'ãmalar ƙarƙashin da kansa gravitational karfi. Sannu a hankali da ta samu yana mai siffar zobe siffar, da gravitational makamashi ne tuba a cikin zãfi - ƙaruwa zafin jiki na abu. A wannan lokacin, a lokacin da ya kai gare shi da darajar da miliyan 20 Kelvin, makaman nukiliya Fusion dauki farawa. Wannan mataki yana dauke da farkon rayuwa na wani cikakken fledged star.

Mafi yawa daga cikin haske lokaci a kan babban jerin. A cikin zurfin ne m halayen na hydrogen sake zagayowar. Zazzabi star haka ne za a bambanta. Sa'ad da dukan hydrogen tsakiya ƙare, yana farawa da wani sabon mataki na ci gaba. Yanzu man fetur zama helium. A wannan yanayin, da star fara fadada. Its luminosity ƙaruwa, da kuma surface zazzabi, a akasin haka, rage-rage. The star aka zuwan kashe babban jerin da zama ja giant.

helium core taro hankali qara, kuma shi zai fara zuwa mu'ãmalar ƙarƙashin da kansa nauyi. A ja giant mataki ƙare da yawa fiye da na baya daya. The hanyar da ke kara ci gaba ya dogara da farko taro na abu. Low-taro taurari a ja giant mataki fara kumbura. Wannan tsari resets harsashi abu. Kafa planetary nebula da tsirara core na star. Wannan tsakiya kammala duk kira halayen. Shi ne ake kira mai helium fari Dwarf. More m ja Refayawa (har zuwa wani iyaka) halittu farfadowa carbon fari dwarfs. Wadannan nuclei ne yanzu abubuwa heavier fiye da helium.

halaye na

White dwarfs - jiki nauyi, kamar yadda mai mulkin, sosai a kusa da rana. Duk da haka, su size yayi dace da ƙasa. Da gagarumin yawa na wadannan cosmic jikin da su wuri a cikin hanjinsu na matakai ne inexplicable daga ra'ayi na gargajiya kimiyyar lissafi. Asirin taurari taimaka fallasa jimla makanikai.

White dwarfs abu ne mai electron-nukiliya jini. Yi da shi ko da a awon yanayi ne kusan ba zai yiwu. Saboda haka, da yawa daga cikin halaye na irin wannan wuraren zama m.

Ko da ka yi nazarin duk dare taurari, a sami a kalla daya fari Dwarf zai yi aiki ba tare da musamman kayan aiki. Su luminosity ne muhimmanci kasa fiye da hasken rana. Masana kimiyya sun} iyasta cewa fari dwarfs ne kamar 3 zuwa 10% na dukan abubuwa a cikin Galaxy. Duk da haka, to date, kawai wadanda same su a located babu wani karin fiye da a nesa na 200-300 parsecs daga Earth.

White dwarfs ci gaba da halittu farfadowa. Nan da nan bayan ilimi da suke da wata high surface zazzabi, amma da sauri sanyaya. Bayan 'yan dubun biliyoyin shekaru na ilimi, bisa ga ka'idar, wani fari Dwarf an canza kama zuwa wata black Dwarf - ba emit bayyane haske jiki.

White, ja ko shudi star ga Kiyayewa bambanta da farko a cikin launi. Falakin dubi zurfi. Launi gare shi da zarar more gaya game da zazzabi, da size da taro na abu. Blue ko shudin star - wata katuwar glowing ball madaidaci da gaba na rana. White fitilu, misalai na wanda aka bayyana a cikin labarin, wasu kasa. Non-taurari a daban-daban taskoki da yawa gaya kwararru, amma ba dukan. A babban adadin bayanai a game da rayuwar m cosmic abubuwa, ko ba tukuna karbi wani bayani, ko ba har ma da gano.