Kepler Iogann: biography, ayyukansu, binciken

Bayyanar da heliocentric tsarin na Nikolaya Kopernika - mafi muhimmanci bangaren na aiwatar da cewa ya karbi sunan masana tarihi na kimiyya juyin juya halin XVI-XVII ƙarni. A cikin gabatarwar littafinsa, inda ya dage farawa daga wannan ka'idar, babban Yaren mutanen Poland m nuna da Wauta na shi, la'akari da miƙa aikinku kawai kokarin samun wata hanya ta sauƙi ilmin lissafi lissafin a ilmin taurari. The abin yabo na mayar da Copernican model na sararin samaniya a cikin cikakken gaskiya nasa ne da mai girma Bajamushe masanin kimiyya da sunan Kepler. Johann tsakanin sauran manyan Sahaban aikata mafi: da ya sanar da isowa na duniya wani sabon nau'in mutum - masanin kimiyya, sanin yanayin da aiki.

Tauraro mai wutsiya - harbinger na girma ƙaddara

Future falakin, lissafi, m, mai yin tabarau da aka haife Disamba 27, 1571 cikin wani matalauci iyali a garin labule, a cikin duchy na Wurttemberg, a cikin Swabian wani ɓangare na Jamus. Lokacin da yake da shekaru 5 da haihuwa, sai ya tafi yaki a Holland, shugaban iyali - wani soja-kisan gilla Heinrich Kepler. Johann taba gani shi. Uwarsa, Caterina, ya 'yar wani kudi, aka tsunduma a ganye magani da kuma yin duban ƙarya, ga wanda ya daga baya kusan rasa kansa. Tare da kadan samun kudin shiga, ta yi duk abin da ya dan samu mai kyau da ilimi.

An ban sha'awa gaskiya za a iya ƙaddara dukan rabo, yana dauke da biography Ioganna Keplera a farkon sosai. Katharina Kepler nuna wani shida-shekara Johann nisan kafa, kuma bayan shekaru uku - a 1580 - an giciye na da watã. The star cewa ne motsi a fadin dare sama da kuma da watã canje-canje siffar da idanu, to da na bincike yaron ya yi karfi ra'ayi. Watakila nan haife son zuciyarsa don samun zuwa Sanadin abin da ke faruwa?

Scientist-theologian, wani mai goyon bayan samman

A farkon yara, Johann koma smallpox, to raunana gabansa. Saboda haka ya girma jiki rauni, kuma sickly. Saboda wannan, shi kuwa ya ƙara lokaci fiye da da takwarorinsu don samun sakandare ilimi. A wannan yanayin, shigar Kepler University of Tübingen sun gudummawar da birnin gwamnati ta yi fice a ikon, mahaukaci Iogann Kepler. Brief biography na kimiyyar da 1591 for 1594 ne m sha na ilimi a cikin daya daga cikin mafi kyau Turai jami'o'i.

Kepler dukan rayuwarsa ta wata warai addini mutumin da nuna jin Protestant. Saboda haka, ya aka shirya don ya zama firist da kuma shigar da tauhidin baiwa. Duk da haka, kafin cewa, ya halarci wata hanya na lissafi da kuma ilmin taurari, zama a master of arts - shi ne don haka ya kira a matsayin daidai sciences a lokacin. Daga malamai kasance mai taimako ga masu heliocentric tsarin na Michael Maestlin. Ƙarƙashin rinjayar da laccoci wa'azi gamsu da wannan ka'idar zama da Kepler. Johann kokarin ir} iro fassara ideas na samman, amma ba ya ko da yaushe aikata dama karshe.

Kepler ta Cup

Ya shirya ya zama firist Johann tsaya gayyatar shi zuwa ga post na lecturer a ilmin lissafi a jami'ar Graz (1594). Ko da yake tofin sadaukar da hanyar sabis don Allah ya cika, da biography Ioganna Keplera ta biography zama wani bincike masanin kimiyya tsaye a kan dandamali na koyarwa, wanda suka ƙaryata game da Ptolemaic (Geo) model na duniya.

A Harz ya ke neman ilmin lissafin jituwa a cikin na'ura na hasken rana tsarin da aka buga littafin "The Secret of Universe" (1596). Kayayyakin magana ra'ayoyi shelar masanin kimiyya a cikin wannan littafi shi ne "kofin Kepler." Shi ne mai ƙarfi model na hasken rana tsarin, a cikin abin da haske aka located a tsakiyar samman, amma falakinsu da taurari orbiting Kepler ba da kaddarorin na Platonic gawarwakin - cubes, bukukuwa da kuma na yau da kullum polyhedra. Ba abin mamaki ba lissafi aka dauke a lokacin da art - wannan model na da kyau sosai, amma cikakken ba daidai ba.

Lokaci yi gayyatar

Littafinsa Kepler aika da mafi m Turai masana kimiyya, ciki har da Galileo da Dane Tiho Brage, wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin kotun falakin a Prague. Inkarin samarwa Kepler orbital jituwa siffofin, duka biyu masana kimiyya yaba da aikin da matasa lissafi da falakin. Duk da haka, tare da wurare mabambanta. Galileo amince da heliocentric m da Braga ta Portugal son gabagadi da kuma asali na tunaninsa. Dane gayyace Kepler zuwa Prague.

Johann tashi zuwa Prague gudummawar dalilai da dama. Daga cikin su - a wuya abu da kuma halin kirki matsayin Kepler (ya yi aure, amma matasa matar fadi da rashin lafiya da farfadiya kuma iyayensa, kuma nan da nan ya mutu) da kuma farkon fitinar Protestants ta Katolika, wanda aka ayyana da wani ridda kuma Iogann Kepler. Brief biography na masanin kimiyya a karshe lokacin da ya tsaya a cikin Harz ne cike da barazana da kuma matsin lamba a kan shi kamar yadda wani mai goyon bayan karkata theories.

A 1600, Kepler zo a Prague, inda ya fara da mafi hayayyafa tsawon ransa.

Kepler a Prague. al'adunmu

Jim kadan bayan fara hadin gwiwa aikin Brahe ba zato ba tsammani ya mutu, da barin Kepler archives na astronomical lura , da kuma wurin da kotun falaki da astrologer. Shekaru goma gudanar da Kepler a Prague, shi ne tushen dukkan manyan kimiyya ci gaba sanya a ilmin taurari, kimiyyar lissafi, lissafi.

A ilmin taurari, Kepler kawo karshe domin na biyayya da motsi na taurari a cikin hasken rana tsarin. Gane abin da mai samu nasa ne Johannes Kepler, ya Sahaban iya daga janar ledger na masanin kimiyya - "New ilmin taurari" (1609). A da shi, kuma a karshe aikin "The Harmony na Duniya" (1618) da uku dokokin na wani sarari suKe kinematics aka tsara. Ya ce da farko planetary falakinsu game da siffar wani ellipse da rãnã a daya daga cikin foci, na biyu da na uku duniya da aka bayyana orbital gudu da kuma hanyoyin da ta ji. Bugu da kari, Kepler bayyana supernova ya m astronomical alluna da cewa aiki a matsayin fuskantarwa ga star matuƙan da kuma ilmin Taurari.

LISSAFI shi ne babban kayan aiki da amfani a cikin aikinsa Kepler. Johann a cikin littafin "New lissafi na ruwan inabi ganga" (1615) ya nuna yadda za a samu girma da daskararru na juyin juya hali, da kwanciya da tushe na ilmin lissafi bincike da kuma na game ilimin lissafi. Daga cikin ilmin lissafi binciken Kepler - a tebur na logarithms, sabon Concepts - "ilmin lissafi nufin" da "auna a rashin iyaka".

Kepler gabatar a cikin kimiyya amfani da manufar "inertia", Magana game da kasancewar sa cikin yanayi na so da suka shafi kungiyar jikinsu, ya zo kusa da bude shari'ar nauyi. A farkon bayyana dalilin da tides rinjayar da Moon, ya bayyana Sanadin myopia, ya ɓullo da wani karin ci-gaba kawo nesa kusa.

'Yan shekarun nan. memory

A 1615, Kepler ya tilasta zama lauya na tsohuwarsa, da ake zargi da maita. Ta barazana da za a ƙone a kan gungumen azaba, amma Johann gudanar ya cimma 'yantar.

'Yan shekarun nan, Kepler da aka tilasta ciyarwa, a cikin neman abin dogara source don tallafa wa iyalansu, da kuma a lokacin tafiya da sarki, binta shi da albashi, a Rigensburg a 1630 ya rasu.

Kepler sunan yau - daga cikin mafi girma da hankalinsu, wanda ideas su ne tushen da kuma na yanzu kimiyya da fasaha nasarori. Sunansa da aka bai wa wani asteroid bakin dutse a kan Moon, da sarari babbar mota, kuma orbiting sarari Observatory, da wanda ya bude wani sabon duniya kama da Earth ga yanayi da kuma ma suna bayan Kepler ta.