Tarihi na Rasha: "Deulino tsagaita wuta"

A 1618, 1 (11) na watan Disamba, bayan da m sakamako na yunkurin na Dogayen sanda dauki Moscow, a kauyen Deulin tsakanin Rasha da kuma Commonwealth yarjejeniyar da aka kammala. Wannan yarjejeniya ta kafa bezvoenny tsawon 14.5 shekaru. A yarjejeniyar zama da aka sani da "Deulino fahimtar juna."

Fashewa yaki

Hukumance, domin farkon Rasha-Polish yaki na 1609 da aka dauke. A farko shekaru na soja yakin da aka musamman nasara ga Yaren mutanen Poland-Lithuanian sojojin. A lokacin daga 1609 zuwa 1612 , suka yi nasara da kuma kafa su iko a manyan sassa na yammacin kasar Rasha. A wannan yanki kuma hada da most a lokacin Smolensk sansanin soja. Rasha halin da ake ciki shi ne musamman m a lokacin. Bayan Vasiliy Shuysky aka kifar, shi zo iko a wucin gwamnati, kunsha na sananniya ta alhẽri wakilan boyars. A madadin su, a watan Agusta 1610 shi rattaba hannu kan wata yarjejeniya a kan yi na Rasha kursiyin da Polish Prince Wladyslaw Vasa da gabatarwar a cikin ƙasa na Moscow, da Yaren mutanen Poland sansanin. Duk da haka, wadannan tsare-tsaren da aka ba ƙaddara ta zo gaskiya. A 1611-1612 shekaru a Moscow, wani mayakan aiki tare da sharply anti-Polish views. Wadannan sojojin sarrafa to kau da farko Yaren mutanen Poland-Lithuanian sojojinta daga yankin na Moscow yankin, da kuma a nan gaba, a cikin shekaru 1613-1614, da kuma da dama daga manyan Rasha birane.

The biyu ƙoƙari

A 1616 Vladislav gilashin fure a hade tare da Lithuanian hetman Yanom Hodkevichem da kuma sake ƙoƙarin zauna da Rasha kursiyin. Zan iya cewa, shi ne a lokacin riga mallakar Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich Romanov. Sojoji a hade sojojin sa'a: sun kasance iya yantar da kewaye Smolensk sojojin Rasha da kuma matsawa zuwa cikin kasar har sai Mozhaisk. Bayan samun a 1618 a ƙarfafa na Ukrainian Cossacks, jagorancin Hetman Peter Sagaidachnogo Rzeczpospolita sojojin isa Moscow. Bayan da m kai hari a kan Rasha babban birnin kasar na Yaren mutanen Poland-Lithuanian sojojin retreats zuwa yankin na Triniti-Sergius sufi. Petr Sagaydachny mutanensa tashi a Kaluga yankin. A karkashin wadannan yanayi, Rasha ya kawai ya tsira lokatan wahala da kuma yaki a kan biyu fronts, an tilasta wa shiga wata yarjejeniya da wani sani unfavorable yanayi.

A mataki na farko na ƙarshe na kwangila

A wurin da aka dauke su farkon tattaunawar kogin Presnya. Su da aka gudanar a 1618, 21 (31) na Oktoba. A farkon taron bai kawo wani sakamakon. Jam'iyyun gabatar da mafi bukatun ga juna. Saboda haka, wakilan Wladyslaw Vasa nace a kan fitarwa da kawai istinbadi Rasha Tsar kuma ya hori mika mulki a karkashin jagorancin Pskov, Novgorod da Tver ƙasar. Rasha, bi da bi, ya dage a kan nan da nan dawowar dukkan fannoni, da janyewar sojojin abokan gaba daga ƙasar Rasha. A karo, wanda ya faru a ranar 23 ga Oktoba (2 Nuwamba) 1618 da aka gudanar mafi nasara. Rasha gefen bukaci kafa wata ashirin-shekara tsagaita wuta a sama domin amincewa ta cede Roslavl da Smolensk. A Yaren mutanen Poland gefe ki Wladyslaw Vasa da'awar zuwa da Rasha kursiyin, amma bukata ba Pskov ƙasar. Har ila yau, wakilan da Commonwealth nace a kan mayar da baya lashe Lithuanian yankunan da cikakken diyya ga kudi jawo wa kansu a lokacin yaki.

biyu kafa

Bayan motsi da Yaren mutanen Poland-Lithuanian sojojin a gundumar Triniti-Sergius sufi tattaunawar ci gaba a can riga. A daidai wannan lokaci da ya buga da biyu mambobi ne na soja rikici. Yaren mutanen Poland-Lithuanian sojojin samu babban matsaloli tare da samar da abinci zuwa sanyi kawo ƙara damuwa. Constant interruptions a kudade ƙara rura wutar wani janar rashin biyan bukata da sojojin haya, a cikinsu akwai aka riga tunanin zuwa bar wurin da sojojin. A wannan halin da ake ciki, ta wadãta damfarar da kuma looting da mazauna yankunan kan wani ɓangare na Yaren mutanen Poland-Lithuanian sojoji, musamman daban-daban a cewa Cossacks. A protracted yaki da kuma wani musamman mummunan tasiri a kan yanayi na mazaunan Moscow, wani ɓangare na abin da yake a Polish sarki. Mutane sun gaji da matsaloli da kuma yaƙe-yaƙe. A sakamakon tattaunawar da aka amince a kan babban wuraren da fahimtar juna. Sabani ya tashi a kan jerin daukar kwayar cutar a karkashin iko da Commonwealth birane. Har ila yau, jam'iyyun ba zai iya yarda a kan batun na lokaci da tsaida wutar yaƙi da titular ofishin Mihaila Romanova da Wladyslaw Vasa. 20 (30) a watan Nuwamba 1618 a karkashin ganuwar da sufi samu halartar wakilan da Rasha da ofishin jakadancin. kwanaki uku na tattaunawa sa a shiga "Deulino fahimtar juna." Rasha gefen matsin lamba daga Yaren mutanen Poland-Lithuanian gwamnati ya sauke wasu daga cikin bukatunsu da kuma asasshe.

asali yanayi

"Deulino tsagaita wuta" da Poland da aka kafa na tsawon shekaru 14 da watanni 6, wato daga 25 Disamba 1619 a kan 25 Yuni 1633. A cikin tsari na Commonwealth shige: Smolensk, Roslavl, Dorogobuzh, White, Serpeysk, Novgorod-Seversky, Trubchevsk, Chernihiv, zuhudu, ciki har da suke kewaye da ƙasar. Rasha koma da wadannan birane: Vyazma, Kozelsk, Meshchovsk, Mosalsk maimakon birane kamar Starodub, Pochep, Nevel, Red, Sebezh, Popova Mountains, ciki har da suke kewaye da ƙasar. "Deulino tsagaita wuta" da Poland azurta canja wuri kayyade cikinta garuruwa da unguwanni zuwa 1619, 15 (25) Fabrairu. Tare da birane da kuma ƙasashe canjawa wuri mazauna da kuma dukiya a kan shi. Har guda kwanan wata (1619, 15 (25) na Fabrairu) da yankin Rasha ya bar duk na Yaren mutanen Poland-Lithuanian kuma Ukrainian sojojin. Har ila yau, "Deulino tsagaita wuta" azurta musayar fursunonin yaki. Ya aka nada 15 (25) a watan Fabrairu 1619. "Deulino tsagaita wuta" tare da koma Rasha kawai ga 'yan kasuwa, manya da limaman. A karkashin sharuddan da tsaida wutar yaƙi yarjejeniya, da Rasha Tsar ba mallakar lakabi na Livonia, Smolensk da Chernigov gwamna. Icon na St .. Nicholas a Mozhaisk kama da Yaren mutanen Poland-Lithuanian sojojin, haƙĩƙa, sun shige Rasha. Sharuddan yarjejeniyar surveying kan iyaka ƙasar da aka shirya domin rani 1619. "Deulino tsagaita wuta" ya ba da hakkin free motsi a cikin ƙasa na sanya hannu kasashen, Rasha da kuma Yaren mutanen Poland-Lithuanian fatake. Banda shi ne birnin Krakow, Vilnius da Moscow. Vladislav Gilashin fure kare da dama da za a kira a cikin aikin hukuma takardun na Yaren mutanen Poland-Lithuanian Jihar Rasha Tsar.

A tarihi muhimmanci

Deulino tsaida wutar yaƙi a 1618 - mafi girma a soja da siyasa da nasarar da Commonwealth a cikin adawa da Rasha. Iyakoki na Yaren mutanen Poland-Lithuanian jihar canja nisa zuwa gabas. A lokacin daga 1616 zuwa 1622 na Commonwealth ƙasa kai ta tarihi high (990 sq dubu. Km). "Deulino tsagaita wuta" don formalize da da'awar da Rasha kursiyin daga Sarkin Poland da kuma Grand Duke na Lithuania. Domin Rasha, da sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar tsaida wutar yaƙi, a duban farko, duba sosai sha'awar ta. Duk da haka, daidai saboda lõkacin fatara daga cikin yaki tare da Yaren mutanen Poland-Lithuanian sojojin isa a kasar ake bukata bayan da matsaloli a kwantar da hankula. A 'yan shekarun baya, ya tattara ƙarfi, Rasha ya keta tsagaita wuta ta ƙaddamar da Smolensk yaki. A sakamakon shi ne cikakken abandonment daga cikin kursiyin Vladislav ikirarin. A karshe mayar da yankin asarar iya kawai Rasha a lokacin da Rasha-Polish yaki na 1654-1667 shekaru.