Tusker: gandun daji mazauni

Tusker, boar, daji boar - duk sunayen ga wannan nau'in, tartsatsi a Duniya. A fannin ta mazauninsu ne m, da ya rufe dukan Turai nahiyar, har ya zuwa arewa zuwa Scandinavia, da kuma Asia - to Far East da kuma Trans-Baikal yankuna.

Da suka faru a ko'ina, saukar zuwa wurare masu zafi da zones na nahiyoyi, kazalika a Sumatra, Java, New Guinea da sauran tsibiran. Ba haka ba da dadewa a boar zaune sararin Arewa Afirka ƙasa, amma a sakamakon da dabbanci farauta domin shi da ra'ayin da aka hallaka. Yau da yawan jama'ar migrates a wasu yankunan na Argentina, Tsakiya da kuma Arewacin Amirka. Game da rai na dabba, ta halaye da kuma fifiko, wannan labarin zai gaya.

Features irin

Tusker, wani photo wanda ya nuna - suborder na ba-dabbobin da muke kiwo dabbobi masu shayarwa na iyali na aladu, shi ne asalin m alade. Yau akwai fiye da 25 subspecies na daji Boars, amma su duka raba wani hali image na dabba: wani m elongated sandan gaba shugaban tare da m, nuna kunnuwa, hancinsa, kawo karshen hancinsa da kananan idanu. Dangane da subtype na jikinsa tsawon dabam daga 1.3 zuwa 1.8 m, da tsawo - na 0.5-1 m, kuma nauyi - daga 60 zuwa 170 kg. Lokaci-lokaci rubuce lokuta na abin da ya faru na iko mutane yin la'akari har zuwa 250-275 kg.

Hakika, wannan ne wata babbar tusker - dabba mallakan m ƙarfi ne, kuma madalla views. Gogaggun dayansu sau da yawa embellish girman su kofuna da dama. Duk da haka, a watan Nuwamba na shekarar bara a kafofin watsa labarai akwai bayani game da bayyanar a cikin Urals yankin na giant - da boar yin la'akari kan rabin ton da kuma 2 mita tsawo a bushe. Idan wannan gaskiya ne, to, wannan shi ne babbar tusker.

ulu

boar jiki da aka rufe da lokacin farin ciki da kuma m resilient bristles, wanda da farko na hunturu da sanyi zama ƙara. Bugu da kari, shi ke tsiro da dumi underfur, boar Warming a cikin sanyi weather. Tare da kunya a kan mayar da gashi aka sanya a cikin tsefe, wanda shi ne imperceptible a shiru jihar, kuma tsaye a kan karshen lokacin da hatsarin ya auku. dabba launi ne daban-daban - m, baki ko earthy ruwan kasa. Piglets ne sau da yawa caricature-sofane canza launi, amma cewa shi zai cece su a cikin wani m underbrush.

hanyar rayuwa

Tusker daidaitawa rayuwa a cikin wani iri-iri na wurare - a m wilds na Siberian taiga, kuma a cikin wurare masu zafi da ruwan sama gandun daji. An samu a cikin hamadar da duwatsu yankunan. Turai Beech da kuma itacen oak gandun daji, alternating tare da natsuwa da Marshes, musamman kaunace wadannan dabbobi. Ba su wuce gefen kuma Caucasus, tare da 'ya'yan da kuma goro itatuwa. Tusker migrates tare da kwaruruka na dutse kõguna a cikinta, gaba daya an rufe shi da shrubs. A Far East, ya fi son Pine gandun daji da kuma gauraye gandun daji. Foraging, daji boar yawon kullum daga wuri zuwa wuri. A lokacin rani wata rana shi zai iya daukar har zuwa kilomita 8, tsowon lokacin miƙa mulki a cikin hunturu ya dogara da adadin snow da yawa.

Alal misali, snow zurfin 30-40 cm ne da muhimmanci ga dabba, saboda yana da gajerun kafafu, da ƙafãfunsu caked ɓawon burodi m dabba. Sau da yawa a wuya shekaru, a lokacin da akwai kananan halitta abinci, Boars hari da aikin gona da yankunan.

Wild boar hankali suna Allaha a cikin bushes, kwance a lokacin rani a kan wani zuriyar dabbobi, a karkashin kankara ko a cikin inuwa daga itatuwa. A cikin hunturu, sun shirya maturation na twigs, Pine needles, gansakuka ko Rags a wuraren kare treetops. Daga nan suka je nemi abinci da kuma ci duk da cewa za su sami. Amma wannan ba ya hana su, su omnivorous da abinci, abubuwan daka zaba.

A feed a daji aladu

Treats ga Boars ne tubers da rhizomes na shuke-shuke, suna mined, neman hanyar hancinsa gona. Lura cewa hancinsa na daji boar - na musamman kayan aiki da samar da wani m ji na wari da kuma shi ne a wajen samun abinci, saboda fiye da ¾ na jimlar samar, ya yi amfani ne da shi. Per rana manyan tusker iya ci game 6 kg fodder. A lokacin rani da kaka boar rage cin abinci sarrafa berries, kwayoyi, daban-daban tsaba, da kuma a cikin hunturu a wani karancin abinci, sai ya natsu da haushi bishiyoyi da kuma shrubs.

Kada ƙyãmar Boars kananan dabbobi masu rarrafe, kadangaru, tsutsotsi, hakori, kuma ko da mũshe. A daban-daban yankuna Boars ci daban ta hanyar cin abincin da yake akwai. Girman data rabo kuma ya dogara da samar da isasshen abinci da kuma ta digiri na kasancewa.

haifuwa

Daga Nuwamba zuwa Janairu a boar fara dabbar ta hanyar canjin kakar ko Rut: Shin mazan neman mata da kuma sau da yawa shirya yi yãki, mu'amala da juna sosai ri lalacewa. By karshen kiwo kakar, da suka rasa nauyi zuwa 20%. Sun mace woodcocks isa jima'i balaga a 1.5-2 shekara, maza - to 4,5-5-shekara.

The mace Bears zurriyar kadan fiye da 4 watanni, da matsakaita na 130 days, zuriyar dabbobi zo a cikin bazara. Sun mãtã kawo a cikin wani zuriyar dabbobi na 5-6 piglets, tsohon - at 8-12. Kafin farrowing suka shirya wani dadi gida, makaran a kan kõwane kuma nestled a saman busasshiyar ciyawa, kananan rassan da twigs. Haife piglets a cikin makon farko ba bar gida, kuma inna-alade don kula da su da kuma ciyar da kowane 3-4 hours, kuma ko da yake lokaci zuwa lokaci excommunicated a search na abinci da dare a mayar da yara. A karshen 7-10 kwanaki, da aladu daga cikin gida, da kuma bi shi da uwarsa a ko'ina, idan akwai wata 'yar alamar hadari buya a cikin ciyawa, ko kariyan iska.

Tare da makonni biyu na shekaru, da suka fara zuwa koyi su yi ta tono. ciyar da zamani yana for har zuwa 3.5 watanni.

A amfani da Boars a cikin gandun daji sabuntawa

Amazing ikon kullum tono daji aladu ne da amfani sosai a cikin hali na gandun daji sabuntawa. Loosening manyan yankunan da ƙasa, tusker taimaka a rufe da tsaba da dama shuke-shuke. A kan aiwatar da digging da daji Boars an cinye ta da yawa gandun daji da kwari, kwari da larvae, muhimmanci rage su lambobi da kuma suppressing aiki.