Wa? Ir? Ira rediyo? Lokacin da Popov ƙirƙira rediyo

Fiye da 119 shekaru kamfanin yana da wata hanya domin sanin ko wanda ƙirƙira rediyo. Gaskiyar cewa kusan a lokaci guda, wannan m samu sanya da dama da masana kimiyya daga kasashe daban-daban. Alexander Popov, Guglielmo Marconi, Nikola Tesla, Genrih Gerts, Ernest Rutherford - duk wadannan mutane a cikin wata hanya da alaka da rediyo. Ba haka muhimmanci, daya daga cikinsu da ziyararsa ta farko zuwa wata m ra'ayin, duk masana kimiyya sun kashe a cikin ci gaban kimiyya invaluable taimako.

Da bude daga cikin electromagnetic filin

Idan ka tambaye Russia da Turawa game wanda ya ƙirƙira rediyo, da amsoshi za su zama gaba daya daban-daban, da farko amsar shi ne cewa shi Popov, da kuma na biyu - Marconi. Wane ne dama, a gaskiya, da kuma wanda yake ba daidai ba? A ra'ayi na electromagnetic filin da aka gabatar a 1845 da Michael Faraday, shi ne daya daga cikin muhimman binciken na 'yan adam. Shekaru 20 bayan wannan Dzheyms Maksvell halitta ka'idar electromagnetic filin, da kuma fitar da dukan dokokinsa. Scientist tabbatar da cewa electromagnetic radiation iya propagate ta hanyar sarari a gudu haske.

nasarori Hertz

A samu na rediyo ya faru sun fi mayar da godiya Genrihu Gertsu. Wannan m masanin kimiyya a 1887, ɓullo da wani janareta na electromagnetic taguwar ruwa da kuma resonator. Just a shekara daga baya ya nuna wa jama'a da wanzuwar electromagnetic taguwar ruwa, yada a gudun haske a free sarari. Wasu masana tarihi nace cewa rediyo da aka kirkiro ta hanyar Faraday, Maxwell da Hertz. A farko da na biyu gano kasancewar electromagnetic taguwar ruwa, da kuma Henry halitta a na'urar.

Matsalar shi ne cewa Hertz ta zane yi aiki ne kawai 'yan mitoci daga juna, kawai wani tartsatsi aka gani a karɓar, sa'an nan a cikin duhu. Na'urar da aka ba cikakke kuma ake bukata inganta. Brilliant injiniya da experimenter kudin da kõme ba su inganta da sabuwar dabara. Abin baƙin ciki, Hertz mutu yana da shekaru 37 a 1894, jim kadan kafin a bude na Marconi da Popov.

The kama da gwaje-gwajen da Marconi da Popov

Idan muka yi la'akari da fasaha gefe, shi Popov da Marconi sun ba a bude wani abu sabon, amma kawai amfani da sabuwar dabara na sauran masana kimiyya ya haifar da wani ingantaccen na'urar. By zane Hertz masana kimiyya kara da eriya ƙasa, kuma domin mafi siginar liyafar sa coherer - gilashin tube tare da karfe filings ciki. Wannan na'urar da aka kirkiro da Edward Brangli, da inganta Oliver Lodge. Masana kimiyya sun ba da sha'awa a m aikace-aikace na coherer, amma Marconi Popov amfani da shi maimakon a walƙiya dõmin ka jũyar da kira. Sai dai itace cewa da Rasha da kuma Italian yi wannan abu, amma daya daga cikinsu tunanin shi da farko, shi ba a san ya zuwa yanzu. Hakika, Rasha da tabbaci yi imani da cewa na sanya shi Popov rediyo.

biography Popova

Aleksandr Stepanovich Popov aka haife shi a Urals, Maris 16, 1859 a cikin iyali firist. Ya farko sauke karatu daga sakandare azuzuwan da seminary, amma saboda ya aka janyo hankalin zuwa lantarki, saurayin ya tafi zuwa St. Petersburg, inda ya shiga jam'iyyar a Jami'ar da Physics da lissafi Faculty. Da farko ya yi aiki a matsayin talakawa lantarki, da kuma a 1882 Popov rubuta da kuma kare rubutun a kan injin dinamo-lantarki inji.

Bayan samun digiri, Alexander Stepanovich shirya don mai professorship. A 1883 da masanin kimiyyar fara koyarwa a Kronstadt a wani mine jami'in aji. A a layi daya, Popov ya ciyar koyarwa a Technical School of Sea sashen. Bayan shekaru 8 na Alexander Stepanovich aka kira su zuwa ga Petersburg ta Electrotechnical Institute, aiki a matsayin malami a cikin kimiyyar lissafi sashen. A 1905 Popov ya zama darektan wannan ma'aikata. Babban masanin kimiyyar ya mutu a kan Janairu 13, 1906, a cikin hanyar rasuwar wani kwakwalwa hemorrhage.

amfãnin Popova

Alexander Stepanovich yi aiki a hankali tare da Navy, kuma shi ne na sojojin ruwa, ya ƙirƙira rediyo. Popov ya ko da yaushe sha'awar a gwaje-gwajen da na Hertz, don haka a 1889 ya ba da jerin laccoci da rakiyar da zanga-zanga a kan jigo na gudanar da bincike a kan dangantaka tsakanin lantarki da haske mamaki. Scientist hinted a taro, cewa wannan ilimi za a iya amfani da a yi, wanda taso amfani da jagorancin Navy.

Alexander Stepanovich za a iya kira na farko mutum a Rasha wanda ba kawai fahimci muhimmancin Hertz ta gwaje-gwajen, amma ba su same su zuwa m amfani. May 7, 1895, lokacin da Popov ƙirƙira rediyo da kuma nuna tsara kayan aiki a wurin taron na Rasha lissafin kimiyya, daga cikin halittar Marconi aka ba tukuna sani. Yana yana kan May 7 a Rasha an dauke su da ranar halittar rediyo.

All 1895 Popov sadaukar domin inganta rediyo, da ya gudanar gwaje-gwajen a liyafar da kuma watsa electromagnetic taguwar ruwa a nesa na 60 m. Janairu 20, 1897 Rasha masana kimiyya sun zo kare su da hakkin ya fifiko siffantawa. Jaridar "Kotlin" wata kasida mai suna "wayoyi ba tare da wayoyi," koya game da Marconi ta gwaje-gwajen, shi rubuta Popov. A farko rediyo ƙirƙira by Alexander Stepanovich, ya nuna masa spring 1895 da kuma shirya ya ci gaba da aiki a kan ta ci gaba, amma shi ba a rubuce tsara ya na'urar.

Ka'idar aiki na farko rediyo

Mutane da yawa? Ir iya nemo amfani da suka kasance sunã ƙirƙirãwa, kuma kawai m mutane da musamman damar iya yin komai, kuma m tunani, kimiyya ra'ayin za a iya fassara a cikin hakikanin gaskiya, kamar irin wannan 'yan baiwa damuwa da kuma Alexander Popov. Radio halitta a babban malamin, wani memba na binciken daban-daban injiniyoyi da kuma lissafin kimiyya. Saboda haka, Popov amfani da wani coherer shugaba, ya gane don amfani da wannan na'urar a matsayin wani zobe da rejista da shigowa sigina. Alexander Stepanovich sa tare coherer, kira da eriya gina wani na'urar ga samun tãguwar ruwa da walƙiya. Tare da taimakon wani rediyo masanin kimiyya iya aika da musamman sakonni masu ma'ana da rubutu.

Me ake Turai dauke da kafa Radio Marconi?

Masana kimiyya har yanzu ba zai iya zo da wani na kowa yarjejeniya a kan tambayar da suka qirqiro rediyo. Alexander Popov ya nuna masa firtsi May 7, 1895, da kuma Guglielmo Marconi sanya aikace-aikace na patent kawai a watan Yuni 1896. A duban farko, duk abin da alama ya zama bayyananne, dabino kamata ba Rasha masanin kimiyya, amma ba haka ba ne mai sauki. Gaskiyar cewa Popov bai yi kokarin gaya wa jama'a game da su gudanar da bincike, da kuma sanar da game da su kawai kunkuntar da'irar mutane - masana kimiyya da kuma na sojan ruwa sanda. Ya gane yadda muhimmanci da wannan aikin ne domin a mahaifarsa, don haka da buga littattafai a cikin wani sauri, tsunduma a cikin m part.

Guglielmo Marconi girma a wani jari hujja kasa, don haka ya nemi ƙarfafa shi ne ba a tarihi, ko kimiyya fifiko, da kuma shari'a. Ya aka ba qaddamar a cikin lilo na abubuwa, amma kawai idan da sabuwar dabara aka shirya, sanya wani aikace-aikace na lamban kira. Hakika, labarin yana da kõme ba su yi tare da doka gefe, amma wasu masana tarihi gefen tare da Marconi. Lamban kira da aka bayar Yuli 2, 1897, da cewa shi ne shekaru biyu bayan da zanga-zanga Popov, ya sabuwar dabara. Duk da haka, a Marconi shi wani daftarin aiki da samar da fifiko, da kuma Rasha masanin kimiyya iyakance kawai ga buga ɗaba'ar.

Samar Amirkawa

The muhawara game wanda ya ƙirƙira rediyo a 1943, da {asar Amirka ta shãmakace a, domin sun samu wata sana'a a kasar, abin da ya halitta da mai karɓar. Amurka fusatar da cewa da fari aka raba tsakanin Turawa da kuma Russia, saboda wannan shi ne su takwararta Nikola Tesla, sanannen lantarki injiniya da masanin kimiyya ne da farko ya yi babban samu. The gaskiyar wannan sanarwa da aka tabbatar a kotu.

Tesla a 1893 ya jadadda mallaka da rediyo, kuma bayan shekaru biyu - rediyo. The na'urar ne wani American Scientist a wani rediyo sigina iya maida Ft Irfan sauti, wuce shi, kuma mayar a cikin wani Ft Irfan sauti. Wancan ne, shi yi aiki kamar na zamani na'urorin. Yi Popov da Marconi kula rasa, saboda za su iya aika da kuma sami wani rediyo sigina daga Morse code.

Wa ya kamata ba dabino?

Wanda ake da masana kimiyya na farko ƙirƙira rediyo? Amsar wannan tambaya shi ne ba da muhimmanci, babban abinda cewa mafi kyau zukatan aiki a kan wani sabon na'ura, saka su aikin da ilmi a cikin ta. Marconi, Popov da Tesla ba da alaka da juna, dake zaune a qasashe daban-daban da kuma ko da a kan daban-daban nahiyoyi, don haka babu wanda bai yi sata ideas. Sai dai itace cewa da ra'ayin wani rediyo masanin kimiyya zo kusan lokaci guda. Wannan sa na yanayi ya sake tabbatar da dokar Engels: idan lokacin da za a bude shi, to, wannan samu tabbata wani so.