Aiki - wannan ... Employment Center. A jihar siyasa na aikin

Aiki - shi ne ba kawai daya daga cikin mafi muhimmanci tattalin arziki halaye. A karkashin wannan rukuni, za ka iya yin hukunci da jindadin daga cikin mutane na kowane jihar. A wannan kiyasta matakin na aiki, wanda shi ne wani muhimmin macroeconomic nuna alama.

A definition

Aiki - sabon abu na zamantakewa da tattalin arziki da shirin. Yana da wani harkar amfani aiki na yawan jama'ar, da manufar da take a ganawa da zamantakewa da kuma na sirri bukatun, kazalika da na albashi (riba). Wannan definition bada Law "A aikin yi a Rasha Federation". Wannan muhimmanci daftarin aiki da aka soma 19.04.1991, a karkashin lambar 1032-1.

Aiki - wannan category ne ma tattalin arziki. Shi ne mai sa na dangantaka suke da dangantaka da aiki ayyuka na 'yan kasa. Wannan tattalin arziki category nuna mataki na hada da yawan jama'a a wani harkar amfani aiki. shi ma na nuna bukatar kamfanonin ga ma'aikata gwargwado ga gaban jobs da ake bukata don samar da kudin shiga. Duk wadannan wurare bayar da shawarar da aikin yi na daya daga cikin mafi muhimmanci halaye na aiki kasuwa.

Wasu marubuta ba wani definition na lokaci. A cikin view, da aikin na yawan - wannan shi ne babban siga da ake bukata domin aiki na aiki kasuwanni. A wannan yanayin, shi ne wani irin dangantakar da ke tsakanin mutane da tattalin arziki da shari'a yanayi. Kuma wannan ba abin mamaki bane, saboda mutum samun wurin aiki, ciki har da a wannan ko aiki hadin gwiwa. Kuma har irin wannan lokaci kamar yadda ma'aikaci ya zauna a cikin ya zaba subsystem na tattalin arziki ga tattalin arziki, wadannan dangantakar ci gaba da zama cikin hali.

Categories ma'aikata

A dokar "A aikin yi a Rasha Federation" samar da wani bayani na wani daga cikin kasar 'yan kasa za a iya daukarsa a kunshe a cikin harkar amfani aiki.

Waɗannan su ne mutanen da:
- aiki a karkashin aiki kwangila kazalika da sauran sabis ko aiki da abin da suka ana biya.
- wanda aka rajista a matsayin mutum kasuwa.
- tsunduma a abincinsa kama kifi da kuma sayar da kayayyakin karkashin kwangilar.
- zabe, amince ko nada biya matsayi.
- yi daban-daban iri ayyukansu bisa ga kwangila na yakin dokar ko hakkin mallaka;
- 'yan hadin (hadin).
- a cikin sabis na soja, fararen hula madadin, a ma'aikatar harkokin;
- dalibai a full-time sassan na makarantun.
- dan lokaci ba a nan daga wurin aiki saboda rashin lafiya, vacation, conscription, da dai sauransu...
- ne mahalarta (kafa) da kuma kungiyoyin yi game da latest mallakar dukiyoyi.

A bukatun na tattalin arzikin kasuwanci

An fara daga nineties karni na karshe, Rasha ta ki zuwa administrative-umurnin irin management. Its tattalin arzikin ya tafi zuwa kasuwar tattalin arzikin, wanda ake bukata daban-daban da sake fasalin. Ba shige shi, da kuma ikon yinsa, daga aiki. Yana kuma da yawa canje-canje da aka yi. A ci gaba da sababbin abubuwa dangane da kwarewa riga tsiwirwirinsu ta raya ƙasashe. A sakamakon wannan aikin ya zama majalisu yi "A aikin da jama'ar na Rasha Federation", to daidai da ka'idojin da ke jihar a kan wannan batun. A farko daga gare su ne shika-shikan a Rasha kundin tsarin mulki. Ya ce game da son rai yanayi na aiki da kuma samuwar dama na 'yan kasa da yardar kaina a jefa su damar iya yin komai don m, kuma m aiki.

Na biyu daga cikin ka'idojin hõrarru cikin dokokin jihar alhakin halittar dole yanayi na aiki da kuma yancin ya zabi na wurin aiki yan ƙasa. A kasar kuma yana tabbatar da dogon lokacin da bukatun da lissafin kudi na al'umma. Wannan ne karo na uku manufa aiki. Gwamnatoci a dukkan matakai kamata ku yi jihãdi ga fara a wuri na gwamnatin tsari sunadaran, kazalika da ba su tsoma baki tare kasuwar kai-tsari a cikin wannan filin. Wannan ya kamata a yi amfani da kudi da damar kashe-kasafin kudin kudi, da kasafin kudin, jama'a da ƙungiyoyi, Enterprises da kuma 'yan asalin kansu domin su cimma zamantakewa da tattalin arziki yadda ya dace da tsare-tsaren gwamnati karɓa. Wannan ne karo na hudu manufa na jihar siyasa a cikin Sphere na aiki.

Hanyoyin da dabarun da aikin

A kowane jihar aikin yi da manufofin da aka kaddara da farko kafa ta kamfanin a raga, kuma manufofin. Bugu da kari, kowace kasa za su iya amfani da nasu hanyoyi na warware matsaloli a cikin wannan yanki. Saboda haka, da American model saki. Yana shafi halittar wani babban yawan jobs, daga inda mutane ba su bukatar high yi, da kuma samun kudin shiga samu ta hanyar su ne low. Irin wannan aiki kasuwa bayyana a babban ɓangare na tattalin arziki aiki yan ƙasa. Bisa ga ƙa'ida, da yawan marasa aikin yi ne low. Duk da haka, yawan mutanen da tare da low samun kudin shiga da aka muhimmanci karu.

A cikin aikace-aikace na Scandinavian model na kusan duk iya-bodied yawan za jobs tare da m sharuddan da yanayi na biyan bashin. Wannan shi ne zai yiwu ya haifar da wani babban yawan ayyuka a cikin jama'a kansu. Duk da haka, dauke da fitar da wannan manufofin ne fraught tare da fitowan na inflationary matsin lambar da depletion na baitulmalin Haikali.

A lokacin da samar da wani Turai model number na aiki yawan an rage tare da karuwa a yawan aiki da kuma albashi na ma'aikata. Gudanar da wannan shiri ya kamata a da goyan bayan wani tsada tsarin na abũbuwan amfãni a gare wani taba-kara yawan marasa aikin yi.

Nau'in na aikin siyasa

A fagen aikin 'yan kasarta da jihar za ta iya gudanar da wani aiki duka biyu, kuma m ayyukan. A farko daga cikin wadannan ya shafi jerin matakan da nufin inganta aikin yi. Active manufofin hada da matakan da nufin hana layoffs da kuma tsare jobs, kara yawan cancantar da horo, kungiyar na daban-daban jama'a ayyukansu, goyon baya ga kamfanoni, da sauransu. D. All wannan taimaka wajen rage matakin rashin aikin yi a kasar.

jihar ba su dauki matakai don inganta aikin yi a m manufofin. Yana kawai tracks da mummunan sakamakon cewa faruwa a high matakan da rashin aikin yi. A jihar biya amfanin m 'yan ƙasa da kuma samar da ayyuka ga zabin da wuraren aiki. Don wannan karshen, kasar da aka shirya ta da aikin yi ofisoshin. Bugu da kari, a lokacin da m siyasa, jihar shirya farkon ritaya. Yana kuma samar da kudi ko a-irin goyon baya ga aikin yi.

Raya ƙasashe da harkar daidaitacce kasuwar tattalin arzikin, su ne, kamar yadda mai mulkin, mai aiki da manufofin da aikin na 'yan kasa. A jihar ta jajirce wajen tabbatar da cewa:
- aikin da aka ga kowa da kowa da ke neman shi.
- aiki aiki shi ne a mafi m matakin.
- Akwai 'yancin zabi na wurin aiki.

Cimma burinta

Don alli fitar da tasiri matakan aiwatar da manufofin a fannin aikin yi na 'yan kasa, shi wajibi ne don la'akari da matakin da mataki na ci gaban tattalin arziki na kasar. Wani muhimmin factor a warware matsalolin da aikin zai zama mai ci na wannan Trend tare da shawarar da daban-daban tattalin arziki da zamantakewa da matsaloli.

Yadda dole ne ya tãyar da matakin na kwatanta aiki na yawan? Aiki don inganta wannan adadi ta hanyar yin amfani da dabarun da ta yi daidai da yi da kuma na kasa yanayin.

Pre-ɓullo da hanyoyin kamata ko da yaushe a hadewa a cikin tsarin na zamantakewa da tattalin arziki da manufofin. A wannan yanayin, duk yanke shawara a fannin aikin na bukatar mataki ba kawai ta jiha. Matakai a cikin wannan shugabanci da ake bukata daga masu daukan ma'aikata da kuma daga ma'aikatan.

Hukumomin inganta aikin yi

A shekarar 1991, Tarayyar Employment Service aka kafa a cikin jama'ar na Rasha Federation. A ranar, da Hadakar management na kasar na aikin na 'yan kasa tsunduma a Ma'aikatar {wadago da kuma Social Development of Rasha. Yana da aka halitta a 1996 ta soke a lokaci guda kawai uku zamantakewa hukumomin:

- Ma'aikatar zamantakewa da sabis. kariya, na yawan jama'ar.
- Ma'aikatar {wadago.
- Tarayya Employment Service.

A wannan sabon kafa sashen ke da alhakin samar da jihar aikin yi da manufofin. Bugu da kari, Ma'aikatar {wadago da kuma Social Development da kulawa da dukan tsarin na aikin sabis ta hanyar ofisoshin lardi.

Babban aiki na hukumar mulki ne don ci gaba da kuma kara kudade a fagen aiki da shirye-shirye, matsayin da manufofin a kusa da tare da haɗin gwiwar ofisoshin lardi. Wannan aiki ne da nufin kare al'ummar da rashin aiki.

yankin ayyuka kai tsaye subordinated da Ma'aikatar {wadago da Social Development. Su shiryar da aiki na gabobin da dalĩli, sanya kai tsaye a ƙasa. A wannan yanayin, nauyin da yankin ayyuka sun hada da:
- shiryawa.
- wa'azi.
- kudi.
- iko.

Local Employment Service aka gudanar da yankin hukumomi a wannan fanni, gudanar kai tsaye kai bishara. A cikinta ta'allaka da kullum da ayyukan.

ayyuka yen

Jama'a suke so su sami dace aiki, ya kamata amfani da aikin cibiyar na gari ko kauye. Wannan shi ne wani tsarin reshe na Ma'aikatar {wadago da Social Development, zai samar da shawara da kuma sanar da game da samuwa ayyuka. Bugu da kari, da aikin cibiyar za ta yi wani yawan sauran ayyuka. Daga cikin su:

- biyan kudi domin samun aikin yi,.
- samar abu da kuma m taimako ga aikin yi, kazalika da su dogara da 'yan uwa.

MNS warware hudu manyan ayyuka. Su ne:
- zamantakewa kariya daga m 'yan ƙasa.
- basira horo;
- gudanarwa da aikin yi;
- bayar da bayanai a kan aikin ayyuka.

Kwatance MNS ayyuka

A jihar kowace ƙasa shirya da kuma shirya aikin halin da ake ciki na 'yan kasarta. Rasha Tarayya Employment Service daukawa fitar da ayyukan da nufin:

- kiyasin da ci gaba da kuma bincike na matakin da aikin yi;
- kara ci gaba da kuma aiwatar da niyya shirye-shirye na tarayya da kuma yankin matakan, da manufar wanda - ga inganta aikin yi daga waɗanda 'yan ƙasa waɗanda suke a hadarin sallama da kuma fuskantar wahala a samun aiki.
- kungiyar na sana'a shiriya, horo da kuma maimatawar horaswa na da aikin yi.

Wannan aiki da aka shirya da za'ayi a karkashin kai tsaye dubawa na dace tarayya dalĩli, wanda shi ne na Sashen Employment. Shi ne gwargwadon ikon halitta kuma kula da yankin sabis.

The Department of Aiki ya kamata:
- don nazarin halin da ake ciki a yankin aiki kasuwanni, da kuma samar da dama matakan da nufin hana ko rage illar da taro layoffs.
- tsara aiki na da aikin yi rajista da kuma taya su a nan gaba da aikin yi;
- sanya da kuma biya samun aikin yi rajista su 'yan ƙasa.
- don samar da jihar tabbacin ga 'yan ƙasa.
- tsara aiki na kowa shigar da yankin jiki na tsarin, kamar na birni gwamnati na aikin da District Department na SA.
- shigar a cikin yarjejeniyar da makarantu a cikin masu sana'a horo na da aikin yi;
- karfafa kananan kasuwanci.

inganta kai bishara

Yankin jikin na aikin sabis na aiki daidai da na tarayya shirin, wanda ya samar da taimako a aikin na 'yan kasa. Su main aiki a cikin wannan ne don ya rage zaman dar-dar a Rasha ta yankuna. Wannan manufar da aka cimma tare da ci gaban da wani m aiki kasuwanni, kawo daidaituwa ga bada shawarwari na ayyuka da kuma m ma'aikata, da kara ba da aiki da matakan da sauransu. D. Kamar wancan akwai wani ci gaba da inganta hanyoyin da siffofin aiki tare da yawan jama'a.

Ga misali, da aikin da jama'ar na Moscow da kuma wasu sauran birane na kokarin aika tashar kunnawa da m aiki search 'yan ƙasa, a tuntuɓi Center MNS. Don yin wannan, da sabis ma'aikata saka a cikin yi gudanar da kungiyar shawara tattaunawa.

Bugu da kari, da aikin yi na 'yan kasa da taimako zuwa ga gudana "aiki bikin", "Banks ci gaba abokan ciniki", "aiki kulake", kuma da yawa wasu shirye-shirye.