Wanene mai kirkiro na manipulate kwamfuta (linzamin kwamfuta). Da juyin halitta na linzamin kwamfuta

Yau, ba tare da wannan karbuwa ba, babu komfuta na zamani wanda zai iya sarrafawa. Kuma akan kwamfyutocin, yawancin masu sana'a sun fi so su haɗa shi, suna ta da kullun don touch su don saninsu da rashin jin daɗin wurin. Amma ba kowa ya san wanda ya kirkira linzamin kwamfuta ba. Don haka bari mu tattauna wannan batu a cikin dalla-dalla.

Kusan gaskiya

Game da wanda ya kirkira linzamin kwamfuta, yau ya tabbata. Wannan hujja ba a ma jayayya ba, kamar yadda a wasu lokuta da wasu, ba mahimmancin dacewar da masu kirkiro suka ƙirƙira ba. An gabatar da sabon na'ura a taron komfuta a Amurka (San Francisco). Wanene mai kirkiro na manipulate kwamfuta (ana kiran wannan linzamin a wannan hanya)? Bunƙasa da kuma nuna wa duniya ta Douglas Engelbart (Douglas Engelbart), da kuma ta haife ko da a baya, a 1964. Ko da yake na almara kirkiro na kwamfuta linzamin kwamfuta jãyayya da cewa ra'ayin da irin wannan na'urar zo daga gare shi a 1951! Kuma a shekarar 1970 ya karbi patent don wannan aikin.

Computer linzamin kwamfuta: mahaliccin, da tarihi, da juyin halitta

Kowace abu yana da labarin kansa, kuma yayin da yake nutsewa a baya, ya zama tsaka-tsaki tare da labarun sa. Idan amsar wannan tambayar wanda shine mai kirkirar mai amfani da kwamfuta (linzamin kwamfuta) ya zama a fili, sa'an nan kuma ra'ayi game da wanda aka halicci wannan na'urar, don haka, a kan wajabta umarni da aka yi, ya raguwa. Wasu kafofin sun ce an samo samfurin linzamin kwamfuta don kamfanin Xerox. Wasu - wanda ya umurce ta ta ci gaba a Apple. Mai kirkirar kansa kansa ya ce babu wata doka ta musamman ta hanyar aiki. Manipulator ya bayyana ne ba zato ba tsammani, a matsayin samfurin samfurin (kamar yadda sau da yawa shari'ar tare da abubuwa masu banƙyama, ba a ƙirƙira su ba, amma suna kama da kansu). Lokacin da Englebart ya ci gaba da ɗayan tsarin tsarin aiki, akwai buƙatar manomi don yin aiki tare da windows (a cikin yanayin ƙirar taga). Kuma a shekara ta 1964 an gina ginin farko. Don haka fara tarihi na linzamin kwamfuta, wanda mahaliccin - mai kirkiro da masanin kimiyya Douglas Engelbart.

Menene jigon farko ya yi kama?

An kaddar da shi daga itace kuma ya yi kama da akwati. A ciki akwai button da biyu ƙafafun. Sun yi birgima a teburin yayin da na'urar ke motsawa, wanda ya sa ya yiwu yayi lissafin shugabanci da girman girman motsi. Kuma bayanan bayanan da aka samu aka canza zuwa siginan kwamfuta a kan saka idanu. Daga baya, an inganta na'urar kuma inganta. Kuma Jeff Ralifson ya rubuta software. A wancan lokacin, mai amfani da kwarewa yana da kyau sosai (kamar yadda aka gani daga fim na zanga zanga, wanda ya kasance a shekarar 1968 kuma yana cikin Museum of Mouse a Stanford). Bayan haka wannan na'ura bai riga ya sami karuwar duniya ba da sanannen shahara.

Mataki na gaba

Sa'an nan kuma ya zo da ingantaccen ɓangaren linzamin kwamfuta daga kamfanin Xerox (1972). Kammala shi ta Bill English, wanda yayi aiki a dakin gwaje-gwaje tare da Engelbart, sa'an nan kuma ya koma wannan kamfanin. Saboda haka, wasu lokuta tambayoyin wanene mai kirkiro na manipulate kwamfuta (linzamin kwamfuta), da kuma turawa zuwa wannan kamfanin. Bayan duk gyare-gyaren an gama su a maimakon haka: a maimakon manyan ƙafafu biyu suna ɗauke da nau'i biyu. Kuma mafi mahimmanci - zane na jikin motsi ya riga ya zama memba na abubuwan da aka saba da su a yau. Amma patent ya kasance tare da Engelbart. Don haka tambaya game da wanene mai kirkiro na manipulate kwamfuta (linzamin kwamfuta), zai zama mafi daidai don amsawa, yana nuna wannan sunan.

Ƙarin ci gaba

Amma duk da haka manipulator a matsayin na'ura mai kwakwalwa ya kasance abu mai ban mamaki har zuwa farkon shekarun 80 na karni na 20. Amma riga a 1983, alal misali, a duniya akwai game da kamfanoni goma da suka samar da sayar da nau'o'in ƙwayoyi daban-daban. Yana da halayyar cewa wasu daga cikin waɗannan kamfanonin sun shirya ma'aikata Engelbart ko ta wurinsa. Ƙaramar amfani da linzamin kwamfuta a matsayin na'urar don kwamfutarka za a iya jayayya ta hanyar farashi mai yawa a waɗannan shekarun. Xerox mice kudin kimanin dala 400, da kuma allon da suke da alaka da - 300. Kuma na'urar kanta da nasarorin tsarin: shi ne mai wuya da kuma wanda ba a iya dogara ba. Saboda haka, saboda matsakaicin matsakaicin mai amfani da linzamin kwamfuta bai kasance ba. Makomarsa - masu bincike da masu ci gaba da suka kirkiro fasaha ta zamani.

Aikin Apple a cikin tarihin linzamin kwamfuta

A lokacin da suka bunkasa kamfanonin da suka fi dacewa a baya, an yanke shawarar su ba da mice. An ba da umurni a kan aikin samar da na'urar da za a iya dogara da shi wanda ba zai biya kawai 20-30 kaya ba kuma ba zai rushe kowane 'yan kwanaki ba. Kuma a yanzu, don Allah, sananne: a maimakon rikici, ball ball ya bayyana, wanda ke motsawa a cikin wuyan. An yi amfani da tsarin siginar daban-daban, jiki ya zama filastik filastik a matsayin akasin aiki na manual. Wannan ma'aikaci zai iya tarawa ta kowane ma'aikacin a kan mai ɗora.

Miki nasara

Sakamakon juyin juya halin a tarihin linzamin kwamfuta bai dauki tsawon lokaci ba. Kwamfutar kwamfutar Apple, wanda aka haƙa da mice, an sayar da shi a 1984 a matsayin pies, kuma yana da kyakkyawar nasara a duk faɗin duniya. Kuma a 1995, farkon Windows 95 an kuma taimakawa sosai ta hanyar manipulators.

A linzamin kwamfuta. Nau'ikan ƙwayoyin kwamfuta

Yau, wadannan na'urori a duniya suna da yawa fiye da kwamfyutocin kansu. Wannan yana da kyau, saboda a takaice (har sai samfurin ya ƙare, kuma wannan ya faru da sauri a cikin lokaci mai girma) rayuwar - shekaru 3-5 - iyakar PC ba ta canza ɗigin linzamin kwamfuta, amma da dama, dangane da yanayin da mai mallakar ya kasance. Nau'ikan ƙwayoyin kwamfuta suna bambanta. Dukansu bayyanar da na ciki. Game da zane da kuma bayanai, masu rarraba na'ura na kwamfuta sun rabu da su zuwa masana, masu amfani, laser, trackball.

Mice mai amfani shine samfurori na gargajiya mai launin fata tare da igiya wanda ke buƙatar tsabtace tsabta na ball kuma yana da mummunan bayyanar. Ayyuka na aiki ta amfani da manufa daban-daban. Ba su da ball, amma akwai LED da kuma firikwensin. Ayyukan Laser ta amfani da laser. Kuma waƙabi suna da shinge mai kwakwalwa, wanda ya rage fasahar motar hannun (sakamakon haka, zakuyi aiki tare da yatsan hannu). Kuma ta hanyar haɗi, waɗannan na'urorin sun kasu kashi da kuma mara waya. Amfani mai amfani azaman haɗi zuwa waya na kwamfuta, wanda aka haɗa shi da kuma ta hanyar da aka kawo alamar. Mai karɓar mara waya yana amfani da mai karɓa na musamman wanda ya kafa haɗi tare da PC. Irin waɗannan na'urori suna da kyau ga kwamfyutocin kwamfyutoci, tun da suna da isasshen tafi-da-gidanka. Babban hasara mai yawa: suna cikin ɗaya daga cikin hanyoyin shiga kwamfutarka kuma suna amfani da batura ko masu tarawa, wanda dole ne a canza su kullum ko kamuwa da su. Kusan dukkan ƙuda suna da maɓalli guda biyu da tararra (a cikin tsofaffin samfurin ba samuwa), amma nau'in sharuɗɗan ga masana'antu daban-daban na iya bambanta da juna daga juna: daga classic zuwa zamani.