X-ray bincike - binciken da tsarin abubuwa

X-ray bincike ne mai Hanyar bincike na tsarin gini kayan. Ya dogara ne a kan diffraction na X-ray katako a kan musamman crystalline uku-girma lattices. A cikin binciken yin amfani da kalaman tsawon wanda yake kamar 1A cewa yayi dace da girman zarra. Dole ne in ce cewa X-ray bincike tare da neutron, kuma electron diffraction hanyoyin da dangantaka da tabbatar da dalilin da tsarin da abu.

Ya taimaka wajen gudanar da bincike da atomic tsarin, da sarari kungiyar na naúra cell, ta size da kuma siffar, kazalika da wani rukuni na ƙarau fasali. Amfani da wannan dabara karatu daban-daban karafa da su gami, Organic da inorganic mahadi, ma'adanai, amorphous kayan, taya da gas. A wasu lokuta, an X-ray tsarin bincike na sunadarai, nucleic acid da wasu abubuwa.

Wannan bincike taimaka tsayar da atomic tsarin crystalline kayan wanda da kyau-tsare tsarin da suke da wata halitta diffraction grating ga x-haskoki. Ya kamata a lura cewa a gudanar da bincike da sauran abubuwa ray bincike na bukatar lu'ulu'u, wanda shi ne wani muhimmin amma kalubale isa.

A diffraction na X-haskoki gano by Laue, da msar tambayar tushen Wolf da kuma raya Bragg. Aiwatar da alamu samu a cikin rawar da bincike miƙa ta Debye da Scherrer. Dole ne in ce cewa a halin yanzu da X-ray bincike ne daya daga cikin na kowa hanyoyin kayyade tsarin abubuwa, domin shi ne mai sauki yin da ba ya bukatar gagarumin ciyarwarsu.

Yana ba ka damar gano daban-daban azuzuwan da abubuwa, da darajar da bayani samu sa gabatarwar sabon dabaru. Saboda haka, da farko ya fara nazarin tsarin da abu idan ta amfani da interatomic vectors bayan kai tsaye hanyoyin kayyade crystalline Tsarin aka ɓullo. Ya kamata a lura da cewa na farko abubuwa da aka yi nazari ta amfani da X-haskoki sun sodium da kuma potassium chlorides.

A binciken da na sarari tsarin sunadarai ya fara a 30s na karshe karni a United Kingdom. A data samu an ba Yunƙurin na ilmin sanin kwayoyin halittu, wanda a yarda don gane muhimmanci physico-sinadaran Properties na sunadarai, kazalika da DNA don ƙirƙirar farko model.

Tare da 50-ies rayayye fara samar kwamfuta taro dabaru na bayanai da aka samu ta hanyar X-ray tsarin bincike.

Don kwanan wata, yi amfani da synchrotrons. Su monochromatic kafofin na X-haskoki ana amfani da sakawa a iska mai guba na lu'ulu'u ne. A mafi tasiri wadannan na'urorin da ake amfani da hanyar na Multi-zango anomalous watsawa. Shi ne ya kamata a lura da cewa su amfani ne kawai ga jama'a cibiyoyin bincike. A dakunan gwaje-gwaje amfani da kasa iko dabara abin da hidima kawai don tabbatar da ingancin da lu'ulu'u, kuma ma su sami wani m bincike na abubuwa.