Cyclamen: mahaifar shuka. Cyclamen: iri, namo da kuma kula a gida

Idan kana son wani abu sabon abu da kuma sosai mai haske a cikin Apartment ko gidan, ya kamata ka zabi wannan shuka cewa yana da m kyawawan furanni - Cyclamen. Yadda za a magance su, da yadda za a haifa - abin tambaya shi ne ba sosai rikitarwa, amma shi na bukatar} o} arin. Idan kana so ka gani kore duk shekara zagaye, shi ne mafi kyau ga kusanci Turai cyclamen, idan wani mai haske da kuma mai albarka flowering, da Persian. A wannan kuma a cikin wani hali, mu jimre wa girma ba sosai gogaggen grower. Bugu da kari zuwa high ado halaye, halayyar for cyclamen da magani Properties. Its amfani a magani da aka aikata tun lokacin Hippocrates. Cyclamen flower aka kuma kira sarki Sulemanu. A cewar labari, ya zauna na dogon lokaci, da yadda za a zabi siffar domin kambi. Mutane da yawa zažužžukan da aka yi kokari, amma kwatsam a gaban mai mulki ido bayyana suna fadin cyclamen, wanda ya wajenka kaunace, wato tsari na flower da Sulemanu ya ba fin so.

jinsunan

Na cikin gida da Cyclamen mallakar, a matsayin mai mulkin, daya daga cikin biyu ya fi na kowa jinsunan: Persian ko Turai. Duka su ne sosai na ado, amma suna dan kadan daban-daban a duka bayyanar da a yadda za a yi girma cyclamen. Persian ne, wani lokacin ma ake magana a kai a matsayin mai tsayi violets. Shi ne sosai m, shi ne ba kawai na ado da furanni amma kuma ya fita. A shuka yana da dormant zamani. Yana iya isa babban isa zuwa gidan inji masu girma dabam - har zuwa 30 cm tsawo. Shi ne kakan yawancin yau jinsunan.

Sauki a dakin al'adu Turai cyclamen. A cikin hunturu, shi ba ya zubar da ganye da kuma rike da ganye a ko'ina cikin shekara. Amma da size ne da yawa karami, furanni da kyau a lokaci guda, sau da yawa pinkish a launi da kuma dabara m ƙanshi. Wannan iri-iri ne musamman dace da waɗanda suke kawai farko su sani tare da cyclamen. Yana da quite sauki girma da kuma Hardy, idan ba zato ba tsammani halitta da yanayi da shi ba zai shige. Beyond wadannan iri biyu, akwai wani - wani cyclamen Caucasus, amma ka sadu da shi a cikin mu Apartments - shi ne mai rarity. Ya ke tsiro a kan gangara daga duwãtsu, da furanni ne fari ko kodadde ruwan hoda wani lokacin. Yana nufin farkon-flowering shuke-shuke da kuma yarda da haske launuka tun Fabrairu, da zaran fara bayyana da farko thawed faci.

A tushen, kamar yadda a wasu jinsunan, shi ne taso tuber. M aka yi amfani da a gida a matsayin wani lambu shuka, Primrose. Cyclamen Caucasian da aka jera a cikin Red Littãfi da Rasha a matsayin m jinsunan, wanda lambar yake sannu-sannu ragewa.

Cyclamen: da haifuwa na shuke-shuke

Yana iya amince a kira da maki hudu a duniya da kuma watsa daga wannan flower: Malaya Aziya, Iran, Central Turai da kuma Rum. A fannin ci gaban ne quite m, shi ke tsiro a cikin kwaruruka, a cikin dazuzzuka. A matsayin al'adu lambu shuke-shuke cyclamen ake magana a kai a cikin 1731, amma babbar shahararsa ya fara saya kawai idan an jona da al'amarin shayarwa. Samar da ban mamaki iri-iri tare da manyan Terry, ko sauki furanni na launi daban-daban, suna abada kulla shi daraja. A mu Stores ne musamman prevalent Persian cyclamen. Gida shuke-shuke - Malaya Aziya da Girka, inda ta ke tsiro a cikin wani bude ƙasa a cikin bazara, za ka iya zo fadin dukan filayen, m sosai karfi ƙanshi. Saboda gaskiya cewa shi blooms a kusa da Kirsimeti, a Turai shi ne girma a kan wani m sikelin, musamman a Jamus, Holland, Italiya da kuma Faransa. Kuma ba wai kawai a matsayin houseplant, amma kuma ga loggias, patios da gidãjen Aljanna. Amma ya, kusa Turai cyclamen (da haifuwa na shuka - Central Turai) ba kamar yadda na kowa. Ko da yake yana da sauki ga girma.

Sanya a cikin gidan da kuma fitilu

Ko da yake haifuwa daga cyclamen dakin - warmer climes da Rum, har yanzu ya fi son diffused haske, ba tare da kai tsaye daukan hotuna zuwa rana ta haskoki. Idan aka sa a kasa, sa'an nan ya ne iya samun rasa gani, don haka wuri mafi kyau ga zama yammacin da kuma gabashin windows a cikin gidan, ko da musamman flower sigogi a wani dan kadan shaded wuri. Na cikin gida da Cyclamen ne sosai picky game da zazzabi tsarin mulki. Wannan shi ne ya alama da kuma daya daga cikin nuances na girma. bazara da zazzabi ya kamata a tsakanin 18-25 darajõji, kuma mafi kyau duka hunturu da kuma m - 10. Rashin daga cikin wadannan yanayi na iya haifar da gaskiyar cewa cyclamen kawai gushe flower ko kullum mutu.

Bisa ga koyarwar Feng Shui, wannan shuka taimaka wa karfafawa da makamashi a cikin gida, ko Apartment, shi ya kawo a ji na al'umma da kuma wani united iyali. M tsalle yanayi ko ciki, bisa ga masana a cikin filin, shi ne kuma batun. Cyclamen da shafi a kan aiki da tawagar da kuma yanayi a shi, domin shi zai zama mai kyau zabi ga ofishin. Idan kana so ka kawo m ji a rayuwarka, fi son mai haske Crimson cyclamen, domin romance, zabi fari ko ja.

Me shirya a kasa?

Idan ka saya shirye-sanya ƙasa, sa'an nan babu wata wahala zai bayyana. Idan akwai wani marmarin ka dafa shi da kanka, shi wajibi ne don la'akari da dama da muhimmanci da maki. Gida cyclamen dakin kayyade ta bayyanar, kuma wannan ya kamata a yi la'akari lokacin da zabar da ƙasa. Domin da Persian, masana shawara don shirya a kasa takardar, Turf ƙasa, humus da yashi a daidai rabbai. Yana da matukar amfani ga Bugu da kari na lemun tsami murƙushe dutse ko wani karamin adadin (1 part) da kuma peat.

A ɗan daban-daban abun da ke ciki rabo na gyara da ake bukata da Turai cyclamen. Gida shuke-shuke - mai tsayi fadamun. Saboda haka, wajibi ne ga mai kyau magudanun ruwa, da kuma shi ne mafi kyau dace cakuda Turf, leaf ƙasa, humus, peat da yashi a cikin rabo 2: 2: 2: 2: 1. Ƙasa cakuda dole ne calcined ko steamed a cikin tanda don hana fitowan da cututtuka daban-daban da kuma kwari. Shi ne kuma zai yiwu don ƙara zuwa 1 kg na gama ƙasa superphosphate (1 g), phosphate taki (4 g), ammonium nitrate (0.4 g). Cyclamen a cikin gida ba ya bukatar wani babban tukunya, shi ne mafi kyau a zabi wani m, tare da diamita na 10-15 cm.

Na bayar da muhimmanci shi ne zurfin dasa. A Turai cyclamen tushen girma a ko'ina cikin karkara na tuber, don haka ba za ka iya amince sa shi gaba daya a cikin ƙasa. Amma ya Persian congener ne mafi kyau ga barin tip a farfajiya na kasar gona.

Turai cyclamen dashi ba ma sau da yawa kana bukatar. Idan tukunya ne manyan, shi iya rot ko, a mafi kyau, za su gushe Bloom. Manyan samfurori an canza tukunyar (1-2 cm fiye da na farko) sau daya a cikin shekaru 2-4.

ruwa gwamnatin

Tambayar da yadda za a shayar da cyclamen yana da muhimmanci sosai. Yarda da ruwa tsarin mulki - shi ne rabin yaƙi a kan batun na namo. A shuka a ƙananan yanayin zafi (10-15 digiri) ba bukatar high zafi, don haka shi za su ji dadi isa, don haka ba ka bukatar da za a fesa. Wannan ne kawai ake bukata idan zafi dakin. Wannan kawai ba dole ba feshi da shuka kanta da kuma iska a kusa da shi don hana danshi daga samun a ganye ko tuber doguwar. Ko shi wajibi ne don sa tukunya a kan wani rigar tsakuwa ko kumbura lãka ga wani lõkaci.

Abu na farko da ya yi tunãni, an girma cyclamen gida - ya ba jure haddi danshi. Watering ya kamata sosai da hankali, amma yawan lokacin flowering, bushewa maginin coma ba za a iya jure. The ruwa kamata ba fada a cikin ganyayyaki da kuma tubers, musamman, yana iya kai wa ga tushen lalaci. Saboda haka, kana bukatar ka ruwa a kusa da gefen tukunya a cikin abin da flower tsiro. Good amfani da narke ruwa, idan ka dauki famfo, sa'an nan kafin watering cyclamen, kana bukatar ka ba da shi a shirya. A lokacin da shi, na bukatar a kalla 12 hours.

takin

Cyclamen ciyar a gida wajibi ne a lokacin aiki girma kakar, a lokacin da m girma ta fara, kafa buds. Ba lallai ba ne ya shayar da taki sayi kawai a kantin sayar da wani flower, bar shi acclimate farko da kuma samun amfani da sabon yanayi. Frequency - da zarar kowane mako biyu. Takin iya zama Organic da ma'adinai. Tare da karshen mũdu da tsayar da zabi waɗanda a cikin abin da chlorine ciki ne m. Yanzu a Stores za a iya samu don flower musamman taki ga kowane shuka iri, suka zabi mafi kyau duka ma'auni na ma'adinai da kuma Organic abubuwa, shi ne mafi kyau saya wadannan. A maida hankali ne ba dole ba domin sanin da ido, aiki bisa ga umarnin. In ba haka ba, zai iya haifar da wani wuce haddi na nitrogen a cikin ƙasa, kuma zai kai ga abin da aka ƙara za su ci gaba da ganye, kawai ya sa, za ta fara gina up kore taro, kuma ba za ka ga da furanni.

Cyclamen: da yadda za a kula a lokacin flowering?

Yana da muhimmanci a tabbatar da daidai da yawan zafin jiki na cikin iska a cikin dakin, ba fiye da 15 ° C, amma ba kasa 10 ° C - cewa tabbacin wani m da kuma dogon flowering. Cyclamens a wannan lokacin yana bukatar m watering, amma shi ba zai iya cika. Saboda haka, wuce haddi ruwa dole ne drained daga sump bayan 10-15 minti. Shi ne kuma dole ka saka idanu da ganye da kuma cire bushe lokaci, in ba haka ba za su iya kai wa ga rot. Lokacin da Fade karu, shi wajibi ne don a hankali cire shi. A saboda wannan dalili ya zama dole kafin a juya dan kadan da kuma ja.

Da sauran lokaci

Yana kullum auku bayan 3-4 watanni na m flowering. Kuma wannan shi ne daya daga cikin amsoshin da tambaya me ya sa cyclamen so. Da farko daina samar da sabuwar buds, sa'an nan a hankali Fade da kuma ganye wither. A cikin Persian cyclamen ke faruwa a watan Afrilu, wannan lokaci ya kamata a rage watering. Kuma a lõkacin da ganye, kada ka zauna a duk, to, kana bukatar kawai kadan don kula da danshi a cikin ƙasa. A wannan lokaci, tare da tukunyar filawa ya kamata a cire a wani sanyi, kuma shaded wuri. A ƙasashe da dama, da Persian cyclamen shuka an girma a matsayin daya-kashe, shi da aka gabatar a Kirsimeti ko Sabuwar Shekara, yana da kyau m Runduna m flowering, sa'an nan shi ne kawai jefar. Kuma wannan ke sa hankali, saboda ta sayen cikin shagon blooming Persian cyclamen, kai ne da kamar wuya a cimma wannan sake-Bloom a gida. Dukan su suna girma a wani greenhouse da kuma samun saba da na cikin gida microclimate ne sosai, da wuya sosai. Saboda haka kafin ka saya, tunani game da yadda za a yi girma cyclamen, ko kana da isasshen lokaci ga shi, ko akwai wani m wuri a cikin Apartment. Idan ka yi kuskure, ka mai da hankali a lokacin da zabar. Wajibi ne a bayar da fifiko ga cyclamens, wanda aka fara kawai zuwa Bloom, kasar gona ya zama moderately m ganye - tare da al'ada turgor, tushen da tubers - babu alamun rot da kuma kwari lalacewa.

Bayan wani sauran lokaci na Persian cyclamen zuwa rai a farkon hunturu. Da zaran ka lura da cewa ganye bayyana, shi wajibi ne don fara watering shuka da kuma matsa zuwa wani haske wuri.

haifuwa na cyclamen

Za ka iya yin wannan a hanyoyi biyu: daga tsaba da kuma rabo daga cikin tuber. A karshen Hanyar ne mai matukar daga hankali ga shuka, wadda take kaiwa zuwa ta low yadda ya dace, don haka shi yana da wuya taba amfani a cikin gida. Girma cyclamen daga zuriya - shi ne mai mafi datacewa ta na yaduwa, da kuma ga Persian iri - kadai m. Idan ka girma 'yan iri, da kuma kana so ka samu kofe cewa su ne m zuwa gare su, shi ne mafi alhẽri watsi da ra'ayin a cikin gida. A tsaba samu a cikin gida, shi ne wuya ga riƙe da phenotypic halaye na iyayensu. Wannan shi ne saboda da cewa duk da shagunan shuka - a matasan na ƙarni na farko, su m haifuwa take kaiwa zuwa wani tsagawa fasali. Saboda haka wajibi ne a saya tsaba, da kuma yana da kyawawa don samun abin dogara manufacturer.

Dasa tsaba cyclamen ne zai yiwu duk shekara zagaye, amma mafi kyau hanyar yin shi da wuri a cikin bazara. Yi amfani da sayan shirye-sanya, bakararre gona. A tsaba ya kamata a pre-soaked a cikin wani bayani a Bio-stimulator na ci gaba, kamar da miyagun ƙwayoyi "Appin", kamar yadda aka rubuta a cikin umarnin don amfani. Box bukata ba zurfi ƙwarai. A ƙasar da suke GROOVES (1 cm), ruwa su hankali da kuma sa fita leechki shirya tsaba. Sa'an nan kuma ka rufe da ganga opaque polyethylene, kamar yadda wajibi ne ga germination na Ɓoyo. Tabbata a ci gaba da danshi a cikin ƙasa, kuma isasshe high iska zazzabi - 20 ° C. Bayan wata daya ko shida makonni za a harbe, ya zama dole a cire fim da kuma matsar da akwatin a cikin wuri tare da wani haske diffused haske. A lõkacin da samarin shuka zai yi biyu ko uku gaskiya ganye, shi wajibi ne don nutse har zuwa raba tukunya, da kuma bayan 6-7 watanni, transplanted a cikin wani ya fi girma ganga tare da diamita na 8-10 cm. Abin lura shi ne cewa a farkon shekara na cyclamen ba "huta", da kuma blooms a game da 2 years. Girma cyclamen a gida daga zuriya - shi ne quite troublesome da kuma bukatar a sosai, kuma m m.

Primroses a cikin lambu

Cyclamen ne mafi mashahuri a matsayin houseplant, da kuma gaba daya manta a matsayin wani lambu flower. Girma shi a cikin bude ƙasa na iya zama, amma har yanzu wannan ya kamata a yi a cikin warmer yankuna na Rasha, tare da m winters da kuma dogon lokacin bazaar. Fi dacewa, ba shakka, wannan manufa za ta kusanci Turai cyclamen. Yana zai kama mai girma a cikin dutse gidãjen Aljanna, a rukunin plantings da crocuses da sauran primroses. Wasu lambu kwararru sarrafa shi zuwa girma har a cikin Urals. Idan kana so ka yi ado da site cyclamen, ya kamata ka tuna da 'yan ainihin nuances:

• dasa site dole ne a kare daga zayyana da kuma ruwan sama, misali, a karkashin lambu itatuwa.
• gona dole ne a da kyau drained, auku danshi, guje wa ruwa stagnation.
• idan kadan snow a cikin hunturu, ya kamata a dan kadan cyclamen fãta spruce spruce rassan.
• da tuber ya kamata a dasa a cikin ƙasa gaba daya, da barin babba part sama da surface.
• ba su canja ma sau da yawa sanya shuke-shuke a cikin yankin, kamar yadda wannan zai raunana masa, cyclamen iya girma da dogon isa ba tare da na wurin zama.

Cututtuka da kuma kwari

Mafi sau da yawa shafi shuke-shuke da kwayan ko fungal cututtuka na taimaka wa m kula, wato:

• ma bushe iska, da wuce haddi danshi a cikin ƙasa, matalauta lighting - duk wannan raunana rigakafi da tsarin.
• kuskure dace substrate.
• zakulu ko, conversely, karamin tukunya.
• wuce haddi da taki dauke da nitrogen.
• m wuri na Apartment.

Ka yi la'akari da ya fi na kowa cututtuka cewa sãme cyclamen a gida.

1. Fusarium. Yana yana da wani fungal yanayi da farko rinjayar da tasoshi da tukwane na shuka. Saboda haka, tsirarwa ya kamata a sanar a lokacin da ganye fara juya rawaya daga saman da hankali Fading. Shuka iya ajiye spraying da shayar da tushen musamman mafita fungicides.
2. Gray mold. Ta dalilin - shi ne wani naman gwari "Botrytis". Development aka ciyar da high zafi da sanyi iska da kuma ingress ruwa a lokacin watering a soket ganye da kuma buds. Cyclamen, wanda photo da aka nuna a kasa, buga da wani naman gwari "Botrytis". Lokacin samu irin wannan ãyõyin rashin lafiya abu na farko da ya yi - shi ne ware da cutar shuka daga m samfurori. Mataki na biyu - cire da kuma jefar da lalace sassa, sa'an nan bi da tare da wani fungicide cyclamen.
3. Anthracnose. Wannan fungal cuta, da bambanci, na faruwa a dumi canjin yanayin da wuce haddi danshi a cikin ƙasa. Yana farko buga da ganye da kuma flower stalks, sa'an nan dukan cyclamen. Photo nuna a fili cewa a blooming buds lalace suka rasa duk ornamentation, da kuma ganye wither.
4. Na kwari ya kamata a lura aphids, thrips da cyclamen mite. Idan na farko guda biyu da kwari za a iya gani a kusa jarrabawa, da karshen - aikata ba. Cyclamen mite ne kadan, fahimta da cewa shuka ya kamu da shi zai iya zama a kan da dama filaye: shafa batu na girma, cikin tsakiyar zangarniya leaf zama mai lankwasa, kuma bã ya ƙãra, sauran takaice, buds ba fure da kuma wither. Kamuwa da flower ake bukata magani jiyya. Thrips ma za a iya samun sauƙin gani da ido tsirara. Damage shuke-shuke adult kwari da su larvae. Amma, su ne m ga ganye da kuma buds a kan aiwatar da rayuwar su bar baya da wani m "hanya". Shafi thrips inganta high dakin da zazzabi da kuma bushe iska.

A cikin yaki da kwari da cututtuka da fungal ko kwayan asalin babu shakka taimaka shirye na musamman: "oksihom", "fundazol", "fitosporin", "Topaz", "Agat-25K", colloidal sulfur.

Kuma ku tuna cewa yaduwar cututtuka za a iya kauce masa ta hanyar shan dace tsarin na ban ruwa da kuma inganta iska wurare dabam dabam a cikin dakin, hana ta stagnation.