Yana kama da malam "matattu kai". Caterpillar Butterfly "matattu shugaban"

Daga cikin kwari, abin da ke faruwa a cikin ƙasa na Rasha, da most ne malam shaho asu "matattu kai". A kauri daga cikin jiki ya kai ta 2 cm, tsawon - 6 cm, da wingspan - 13 cm. Wannan iya wuya a kira wani arthropod kwari. Shi ne m kamar tsuntsu ko a winged dabba. Butterfly "matattu kai" ya dade wahayi zuwa gare mutane da tsoro. Mutane da yawa Legends ake dangantawa da shi. Yi imani da shi ko a'a, kowa da kowa ya yi hukunci a gare kansa.

Imani da alaka malam

An yi imani da cewa taron da "matattu shugaban" portends mutuwa wani daga cikin yan uwa. Don kauce wa wannan, da malam ya kamata a kashe.

Idan sikelin a kan reshe shaho samun shiga cikin ido, shi zai kai ga makawa makanta da mutuwa gaggawa.

A 1733 a Faransa, da annoba daga black smallpox mowed saukar da dubban rayuka. Zuwa na Faransa bũlãlar m hade da bayyanar a cikin wadannan yankunan "matattu kai".

Za a iya kasance cewa shaho asu "matattu shugaban" - malam, dauke da mutuwa, cuta, yaki, da annoba, halaka da yunwa? Hakika, wannan shi ne - wasu batattun sifofi karkatacciyar koyarwa, ko impressionable mutane har yanzu dangana ga manyan kwari irin kaddarorin. Amma har ma da malam ba dako na hatsari cututtuka da mutane, sabanin ƙwarƙwata da kuma dabbobi masu shayarwa.

Sufi malam a adabi da kuma film

Tsoron shi ya ƙara rura wutar da kuma marubuta. Saboda haka, da hangen nesa, Alexander Belyaev bayyana winged lepidopteran a cikin labarin "Matattu Head", ba da malam wani kundi giant size, kuma domin ta shahara sufi litattafan da Edgar Allan Poe a cikin "Sphinx" amfani da malam cim more a kan tsõro da protagonist. Syuzen Hill a cikin Gothic labari, "Ni ne Sarkin castle" buga tsõron a cikin daya daga cikin haruffan, ta amfani da sifofin da kwari.

The yan fim ba kawai da hannu a cikin shaho mai ban sha'awa rubutun ga worsening da sauyin yanayi na tsoro.

A "Shiru na 'yan raguna" serial kisa yar tsana yana sanya shaho a bakin tare da ya shafa. Ya fatan cewa shi zai taimaka wajen aiwatar da ta marmarin in zama mace.

Ole Bornedal nuna tari-shaho asu butterflies a daya daga cikin aukuwa na ban sha'awa "da hurumin", saki a sinimomi, a 2012.

The asalin da ma'anar sunan

Hyles "matattu shugaban" a Atlas classifiers a Latin ake magana a kai a matsayin Acheron Atropos. Acheron - wannan shi ne daya daga cikin biyar waɗansu kõguna na mulkin matattu. A wannan kalma nuna mai zurfi tsoho da kuma mummunan underworld. "Atropos" da aka fassara a matsayin "makawa, bata da makawa rabo." An suna bayan da aljanna da rabo, daya daga cikin uku 'yan Shi'ah, da wanda ya karya thread na rayuwar dan Adam.

A na kowa parlance a al'ummai da yawa gane a cikin wani nau'i na kwanyar da ramin idon da biyu ƙasũsuwa, haddasa wannan jam'iyya, da kuma bayyana a irin wannan hanya. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa shi ne ake kira a ko'ina kusan guda - Butterfly "matattu shugaban" ko "shugaban Adam."

Butterfly Creek - daya more dalilin tsoron

Dalilin da mutum da kuma tsoron shi ne cewa roisterer iya buga bakin ciki sokin kururuwa kama da amo irin na jemage. Kuma ya aikata wannan shugaban, ko kuma wajen bakinka. Wannan ba hali na kwari. Crickets ko cicadas, rani nishadi mu ji chirping buga ƙafafunsa, da kuma sa shi roisterer bakinka. A gabobin da ji ya kuma sanya, a kansa.

An uninvited baƙo - da wata ãyã daga damuwa?

Wani dalili kuma na dauki shi ne cewa malam "matattu shugaban" ba m da m mazaunin na Turai nahiyar. Ta wurin haifuwa da kuma m mazauninsu - Arewacin Afrika. A kasar ne tsananin haske ba a koyaushe zaba. Ya dogara da weather, da sauyin yanayi da sauransu. N. Daidaitattun bayani a kan wannan batu shi ne ba samuwa. Duk da haka, a kowace shekara, sa malam hijirarsa a arewacin yankunan. A wasu shekaru da suka samu zuwa Iceland zuwa arewa da kuma Iran zuwa gabas. A kan ƙasa na Rasha Butterfly "matattu shugaban" hadu a Karelia kusa Petrozavodsk da St. Petersburg. Fiye da sau da yawa shi ne ziyarci Kaluga, Moscow, Penza, Smolensk, Saratov, Astrakhan da Volgograd yankuna, kazalika da Krasnodar yankin da kuma Caucasus. Wasu kafofin nuna cewa shaho aka lura ko da a cikin Siberia - a kudu na Tyumen yankin. A karo na biyu ƙarni na mace shaho bakararre, da kuma yawan za a iya koma kawai a kudi na wani sabon kalaman na yawon ci-rani.

Abin da koran wadannan ban mamaki dabbobi daga gidajensu? Kila har yanzu bã ka nufin ka kawo bayani game da kashedi game da bala'i, da kuma banal search for abinci.

A malam ci m?

Abin da ya ci malam "matattu shugaban"? Ta fi so abinci ne mai dadi Nectar da kuma itacen sap. Idan ka zo fadin wani m 'ya'yan, da shi za su sha ruwan, ko son ne da aka ba ruwa syrupy abinci. A tsibirin Madagascar shaho kwari pollinate da orchid, kamar yadda a wasu jinsunan da malam proboscis ne fiye da daya da rabi da santimita. Ba kamar sauran kwari da tsuntsaye Humming birds, wanda su ma hure na furanni, shaho asu ba zai iya solidify a jirgin a kan oboktom. Ya bukatar wani m goyon baya. Irin wannan goyon baya da kuma babban adadin Nectar akwai a beehives. "Matattu Head" - malam, yanayin da kanta shirya don samun zuma daga amya. The sauti cewa emits, shi ne m zuwa cewa ji da ga ƙudan zuma zaba daga rafta da wani sabon mahaifa. Yana da ban sha'awa cewa shi za a iya ji ba kawai a kan malam, amma kuma daga pupa, kuma daga waƙoƙi. Bees, ji su soothing amo irin na jemage, ba su sani ba da shaho maƙiyi, ɗan fashi kuma. Wani lokaci, duk da haka, har yanzu suna nuna up uninvited baƙo. Akwai lokuta lokacin da ƙudan zuma zazhalivali shaho zuwa mutuwa, ko da yake za su iya jure har zuwa uku kudan zuma stings ba tare da lalacewar kiwon lafiya.

Munin aljan na dare

Idan ka dubi pictures, sa'an nan shimfiɗa fikafikansa a roisterer ba da ban tsoro. Kuma shi ya dubi kamar malam "matattu kai" da dare? Bayan shaho asu - asu. Yana za a iya samu a faɗuwar rana, sa'ad da rana yana kafa. Har tsakar dare babbar kwari shawagi a cikin hasken titi fitilu ko wasu kafofin na wucin gadi haske. Wannan shi ne auren dance adult maza da mãtã. Dada kyau, ko sosai rare gani. Ta yaya malam shaho asu "matattu shugaban" a wani dare haske? Sosai yadda ya kamata - a kan wani baki kyalle jikin fili fita da shugaban matattu mutum da ramin idon da kuma rashin cin nasara maimakon a hanci. M tsoro skuot wani, ba kawai ya ɗaukaka personage da lafiya haukan. Kamar yadda maganar ke: "Kowane mutum yana so zuwa sama, amma babu wanda yake so ya mutu." Duk da haka, ba lallai ba ne su ji tsoro na shaho.

Wannan irin malam da haka mutane da yawa samu a. Suna lokaci zuwa lokaci rubuce a cikin Littafi Red kamar wajen farauta. Da yake nocturnal, ba su kawo wata cũta, amma da shigar azzakari cikin farji cikin amya sun dade a tabbatar Hanyar. Beekeepers kare su zuma daga kutsawa grilles tare da ramukan ba fiye da daya da rabi da santimita. Su sauƙi ratsa ga ƙudan zuma da kuma drones, amma revelers. Wadannan zaki hakori ma lokacin farin ciki.

caterpillars

Bugu da kari ga apiary, shaho kwari za a iya samu a filayen. A cikin tsohon kwana, da mace kayansa mãsu qwai a kan dankalin turawa gadaje. Su larvae gladly ciyar da m fi. Da zarar da filayen zama darasi rike da Colorado dankalin turawa, irin ƙwaro, revelers tsaya a can sanya zũriyarsu. Caterpillars na butterflies "matattu shugaban" zai iya ci ganye da sauran shuke-shuke na iyali Solanaceae - Tomato Physalis, eggplant, nightshade, datura, belladonna. Da yake polyphages larvae "matattu shugabannin" da kuma ci da kore fi na karas, beets da sauran tushen amfanin gona. Za su iya rayuwa a cikin gidãjen Aljanna, mamaye ganye da 'ya'yan itatuwa da kuma shrubs. A wannan lokacin, da suka sa sosai gwaji cutar da aikin noma.

Butterfly kayansa mãsu bluish ko greenish qwai a cikin sinuses tsakanin ganye da kuma kara da shuka, kazalika da bãyukansu da underside na ganye. Qwai da size daga 1.2 zuwa 1.5 mm. The larvae na farko shekaru rufe sparse hairs da kuma tsawon ba mafi girma daga 1.2 cm, kuma na karshe, na biyar, riga ya kai 15 cm kuma ku auna nauyi zuwa 22, a raya ƙarshen caterpillars da gina-up, dimbin yawa kamar kaho. The larvae da kyau sosai shaho. Su ne mai haske kore tare da diagonal duhu ratsi. Daga bar su da sauki kau da kai. Akwai jinsuna tare da rawaya-koren launi da kuma ko da shuɗi, da fari.

Domin pupation larvae Burrow a cikin ƙasa zuwa zurfin 40 cm. Lokaci da Lokaci su ja jiki daga zuwa surface ci. Kafin mika mulki zuwa jihar pupa matafila zaune for game da makonni takwas. Chrysalis canza zuwa wani malam ga wata. Jim kadan kafin a fita waje sun fara fitowa musamman ga irin wannan arthropod sautuna. Mace shaho asu mutane ne ya fi girma, kuma taso keya siffofi kamar yadda idan aka kwatanta da maza. A launi namiji samfurori akwai karin baki, da jawo mafi ban mamaki da kuma ma'ana. Yawancin lokaci da shi ya auku biyu shekara rai sake zagayowar wannan kwaro jinsunan, amma mai kyau, musamman dumi bazara revelers sami damar ƙara da haihuwa sake zagayowar ne har zuwa sau uku.

Malam kuma larvae canza launi ne daban-daban, saboda shaho asu yana da fiye da 1200 jinsunan. Kuma lalle ne, haƙĩƙa "matattu kai", da cewa shi ne malam da wani daidai juna a jiki, kuma yana da yawa iri.

Hyles - wani ɓangare biogeocoenose

Butterfly "matattu kai" da ke sa wani babba taimako da sauran al'ummar yanayin kasa na duniya tamu. Manyan mutane pollinate shuke-shuke da warai located ciki da pistil na wani flower. Tare da wannan aikin ba zai iya rike sauran kwari. Revelers ne gina jiki feed ga wani m iri-iri fauna - da rana barci asu-shaho asu ne sauki ganima ga dabbobi masu shayarwa da tsuntsaye.