Yanina Ivanovich Shtakenshneyder - Architect: biography, aiki a St. Petersburg da kuma Peterhof

Stackenschneider - m, sunansa shi ne saba wa mutane da yawa a Rasha da kuma kasashen waje. Godiya ga wannan talented mutumin da aka tsara da yawa manyan gidãje, gine-gine, da kuma wasu al'adu Monuments na St. Petersburg da kuma Peterhof. Wannan wani gagarumin mutumin da muka bayyana a cikin wannan ɗaba'ar.

Farkon yara m

Haife Shtakenshneyder Andrey Ivanovich 22 Fabrairu 1802 a kan ƙasa mai girma Rasha Empire. Kakan nan gaba m ya mai da 'yan qasar na daya daga cikin manyan biranen da ke arewacin Jamus - Braunschweig. Ya kasance wani shahararren master, iya samar da dama abubuwa daga gaske dabba fata. Kuma a lõkacin da daraja da ya fasaha kai Rasha Sarkin sarakuna Paul, ya aka kira su zuwa babban birnin kasar. Daga baya, kakana yanke shawarar zama a Rasha. Ya yi aure da aka haife uba, Andrei Ivanovich.

Andrew kansa aka haife shi a ganuwar da iyali gona, inda a baya suka zauna dukan iyali Shtakenshnejdera. Kusan duk yara kadan m ciyar a niƙa, inda mahaifinsa ya yi aiki. Lokacin nan gaba Masters na shekaru 13, ya aka aika zuwa karatu a mallaka Academy of Arts. Duk da haka, saboda gaskiyar cewa musamman talanti ya taba nuna, bayan samun digiri, ya gano da kwamitin ayyukan ƙwarai, kuma na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa Tsarin. A wannan wuri ne mu m Stackenschneider Ya yi aiki na xan wani lokaci, rike da matsayin na talakawa draftsman.

A iri-iri masu sana'a da ayyukan

Bayan shekaru hudu da aikin a matsayin draftsman mu gwarzo samu wani garabasa tayin saboda abin da ya samu wani sabon aiki. Wannan lokaci ya sa ran da matsayi na m-zane.

Saboda haka ya samu a kan yi na St. Ishaku Cathedral, jagorancin musamman hukumar a kan yi. Ga ya bambanta kansa a matsayin talented m. Stackenschneider aka daga baya hange da wani sanannen mai gini, da m Anri Lui Auguste Richard. Shi ya gayyace mu gwarzo aiki a kan Winter Palace.

Karbo daga aiki da kuma masu zaman kansu yi

A wani matsayi, da m Stackenschneider yanke shawarar cewa yana da lokaci don shiga cikin masu zaman kansu yi. A farkon 1831 da ya yi murabus daga kwamitin da kuma da tsananin yarda tsunduma a zaman kansa yi. Daya daga cikin na farko m aikinsa ya zane na ducal gidan. Estate mallakar AH Benkendorf.

Da zarar mu gwarzo nasarar sun jimre da aiki a gaban shi, Earl gaya game da shi ga sarki. A sakamakon haka, talented m aka kira su zuwa ga daya daga cikin mafi arziki gidajen St. Petersburg. Stackenschneider kusan nan da nan ya samu wuri na Nicholas I.

Ƙara, da ya fara samun mutum umarni daga sarki. Kuma bayan wasu lokaci ta zama kusan kadai m wanda ya amince da a gina ba kawai wata babbar dukiya, amma sarkin, sarakunan. Kuma haka shi ne har ya zuwa mutuwar m. Ya yi aiki na dogon lokaci da kuma tsara da sarauta da dukiya da karfi mutane, samu lakabi na girmamawa na sirri m na zatinsa fādar.

Lambar yabo ta farko da binciken kasashen waje

Idan ka yi imani da bayanai daga biography, Stackenschneider farko tsiwirwirinsu fitarwa a 1834. A wancan lokaci, ya yi aiki a kan aikin "a kananan fādar sarki," ga wanda ya karbi alamar lakabi na Academician.

Duk da haka, duk da wannan, mu gwarzo ji ya sorely rasa kwarewa. A daidai wannan lokaci da ya gudanar ya sami goyon bayan da sarki, da kuma daga jihar Grant ya je kasashen waje don yin karatu. Saboda haka, ya ziyarci Ingila, Faransa da kuma Italiya. Kuma bayan da suka koma daga wakilan da St. Petersburg Academy of Arts samu lakabi na girmamawa na farfesa na biyu digiri.

Aiki a kan Mariinsky Palace

A lokacin rayuwarsa Andrey tsara da kuma gina gine-gine na sãɓãwar launukansa wuya. Ya ya iya ziyarci Moscow, cikin Crimea, St. Petersburg, Novgorod, Taganrog, Peterhof kuma ko da Tsarskoye Selo. A duk wadannan wurare shi ne quite nasarar aiki da kuma aiki. Masu yabo aikinsa da kuma gardama game da fasali da kuma tsananin a lokaci guda mulkin demokra style. Daya daga cikin mafi m gine-gine da cewa m ya iya taba gina, shi ne Mariinsky Palace.

Wannan gini, located a kan kyau St. Ishaku Square, mu gwarzo da aka tsara a cikin 1839. A yi na fada da aka kammala a 1844. A kan abin da gine-gine da kuma manyan gidãje gina Stackenschneider kuma wannan tsarin, wanda yake a halin yanzu da mazaunin St. Petersburg dokoki Majalisar, za mu bayyana a kasa.

Sauran fice ayyukan da babban marubuci

Mun gode wa tambayar hankali da kuma mai girma tunanin, mu gwarzo halitta Beloselsky-Belozersky Palace a St. Petersburg. Ka tuna, wannan ne na musamman gini a neo-Baroque style, an gina tsakanin 1846 da kuma 1848.

Daga cikin mutane da yawa da ayyuka daga cikin shahararrun m za a iya gani ba kawai manyan gidãje, amma kuma da yara asibiti, ɗakin sujada, rani gidajen da yawa. Alal misali, a farkon 1835, an kera sa'an nan gina mai zaman kansa villa da aka sani film actor Zhenesa. Daidai shekara guda daga baya, mu gwarzo yi aiki a kan yi na kewayen birni yankin domin Alyona Zvantsova. Kuma a cikin 1834, ya sāke gina kasar gidan MI Mordvinova.

Sananne gine-gine a Peterhof

Peterhof unguwa da kuma birnin kanta ta zama babban wurin domin yin wahayi na mu master. Nan shi ne ya rayayye aiki a kan wani shirin na m landscaped Parks: makiyaya da kuma Kolonistskogo.

Sa'an nan ya yi tunani game da wasu abubuwa na shakatawa Kolonistskogo dabam. Saboda haka, mu marubucin rike da almara na biyu haimõmi: Holguin da Caricino. Sha'awa, da Holguin Pavilion aka halitta da tsari na Sarkin sarakuna Nicholas I, kuma a cikin girmamawa 'yarsa. Sunanta ya Olga. The sosai gina hasumiyar kamar Neapolitan, partially protruding daga ta soket karkashin ruwa.

Caricino guda Pavilion aka gina tsananin bisa ga bukatar da matar Sarkin sarakuna Alexandra Feodorovna. Ya m ãyõyi ya kasance mafi kamar tsohon zamanin d Roman gini, maimakon gargajiya yi na Nicholas I.

Majestic haimõmi a daban-daban Parks

Yanina sakawa makirci da biyu sauran haimõmi a cikin wasan kwaikwayo Lugovoy Park. Daya daga cikinsu - Pink babban tanti, ko "Ozerki". Kamar yadda masu sukar, ya kasance da tsakiyar abun da ke ciki na dukkan jiragen ruwa. Its yi ya fara a 1845-m, da kuma kare - a 1848. Na biyu - da Belvedere, wani biyu-storey gini gina na fairly m dutse tubalan.

A farkon 1727, mu gwarzo fara gina fadar kuma wurin shakatawa gungu a kan dacha Sarkin sarakuna Bitrus II. Sa'an nan da Triniti Mai Tsarki Church aka gina a karkashin shiryarwar da m, da gidan sarki, orangery da kuma wani gidan domin lambu a gidan sarauta, kuma wurin shakatawa gungu na XIX karni. Next ya fāda a Znamenka, Farm Palace da kuma Lion cascade. Wannan ban mamaki makaman da muka bayyana a kasa.

Unique mataki a cikin fadar da kuma wurin shakatawa gungu na Peterhof

A lokacin da zane na Lower Park shahara m amfani da manufa da samar da wani Cascading marẽmari. An yi imani da cewa, a cikin wannan hanya, da gidan sarki da ake gina a cikin wurin shakatawa, za a complemented wata m yanki na namun daji. A wannan yanayin, da farko ya yi aiki a kan aikin sanannun Italian m Nikolo Miketti. Amma ya ra'ayi don rufe cascade zobe a cikin hermitage titi kuma ba a saka a cikin yi.

Tsakanin shekaru 1854-1857 da aikin mataki da aka gaba daya redesigned. Wannan lokaci domin ta kafuwar dauki aikin AI Shtakenshnejdera. Kamar yadda na farko data, shi aka zaci gwaji karuwa farko pool size da kuma ƙara ginshikan 14, da tsawo na kowanne daga abin da aka 8 m.

A tsakanin ginshiƙai 12 kuma shigar peculiar marmara bowls. Daga cikin tsohon ado abubuwa marubucin ya yanke shawarar barin mascarones (comic images of yanci dabbobi) da kuma manyan Figures na zakoki, daga bakin wanda kau da kai da ruwa jet. A tsakiyar wani shafi mutum-mutumi pantheon sported curly "Nymph Aganipa". Duk wanda ya ga wannan mataki, aka bayyana shi a matsayin wani abu mai wuce yarda da kyau, m kuma a lokaci guda dama.

A 'yan kalmomi game da sirri rai da m

Gaggawa m aikin yi ba ya hana shi, kuma suka tsayar da rayuwa. Da yake a ganiya ya meteoric aiki, marubucin yawa ayyukan hadu da mace, wanda nan da nan ya fadi cikin soyayya. Yana da aka Maria Fedorovna Halchinskaya.

Wani lokaci daga baya, bayan da suke zaune tare da biyu da 8 yara. Abin lura shi ne cewa dukkan su, fãce fa a kan junior Zenaida, wanda ya mutu a cikin shimfiɗar jariri, ya zama sananne mutane. Alal misali, m Elena ya a lokacin da yake m matasa fara rubuta memoirs. Daga baya, ta ko da ya bude wani wallafe-wallafen salon. Ɗan m Nikolai dogon lokaci zauna a Petersburg. Ya so zana, ya m gine-gine da fasaha, da kuma ko ya gina gida a Kharkiv.

Wani dan Andrei Ivanovich Alexander sauke karatu daga gidan wasan kwaikwayo darussa, kuma ya kasance daya daga cikin fi so artists na mallaka Theater. Duk da haka, irin wannan talented mutum kamar Stackenschneider, akwai wasu yara wanda ba ya kebe da ransa art.

Alal misali, kawai wannan ya dansa Adrian. Bayan kammala karatu, ya tafi zuwa aiki a ofishin na Majalisar Dattijan. A kadan daga baya, ya koma Kiev, ya rayu shekaru da dama a Odessa, inda ya jagoranci Kotun. Dan Vladimir kuma shiga cikin dokar. 'Yar Maria da kuma Olga nasarar aure da kuma tafi ya zauna a kasashen waje.

Memory zai rayu har abada

Andrei Ivanovich ya dade matattu. Ya mutu a farkon watan Agusta 1865. A lokacin rasuwar shekaru 63. A tunawa da shi zaune a kan a cikin zukatan mu 'yan'uwanmu' yan ƙasa. Kuma ya majestic halittun zai ci gaba da murna yawon bude ido da kuma yan unguwa.