Artist Matveev Andrey Matveevich: biography, kerawa, mafi aiki da kuma rayuwar labarin

Peter yanka ta hanyar da "taga zuwa Turai" shafi dukan hanyar da na jama'a da kuma masu zaman kansu rayuwa a Rasha, ciki har da a kan al'ada da fasaha. A flowering na Rasha zanen na XIX karni, dã ya kasance iya tsammani ba tare da artists assimilated da nasarorin da al'adar Turai a kan hanyar fara a cikin Renaissance da wadãtar da su kasa ruhaniya hadisin. Farko a cikin jerin sunayen kira Ivan Nikitin, a fi so artist na kawo canji sarki. Na biyu ake magana a kai da sauran gaskiya Rasha sunan - Matta. Andrew, wanda sunan farko (Matveevich) yana dauke unconfirmed, ya rayu a takaice da kuma wuya rayuwa.

Legends maimakon facts

A biography na master yawa fari aibobi. Daga ranar haihuwa da aka sani ga shekara - 1701 minti, ko da yake, a cewar wasu kafofin, ya aka haifi wani shekara daga baya. Game da mahaifinsa zauna fragmentary bayanai: mu sani cewa a kotu na Empress Catherine Na yi aiki a matsayin mai magatakarda ga sunayen Matveev. Andrew, da 'yar'uwarsa suke a mahaifinka, da yaro zai iya samun Figures a kan Empress ta idanu. Daya daga cikin ayyuka na magatakarda - don tabbatar da rubutu, wanda shi ya zama dole don Master ma'adanin na rubutun. Zai yiwu na farko da kwarewa domin nan gaba artist aka aiki a karkashin shiryarwar mahaifinsa - daga cikin handwritten takardun na lokaci, za ka iya samun real Masterpieces graphics.

Yana da aka Catherine ta qaddamar da rejista na goma sha biyar, Andrew a cikin yawan fansho da za a aiko a jama'a kudi karatu a Turai. Akwai kyakkyawan labari, wanda ya ce wannan hannu da kansa Peter I. A lokacin zaman na sarki a Novgorod, inda na fito daga kaina Matveev, Andrey kama da ido na sarki, lokacin da ya yin da hoto almara. Fascinated jawo yaron sarki nan da nan umurce su da su taru a Amsterdam, fi so Peter Holland, kamar yadda wani almajiri zuwa can cikin painters. Ko da yake irin wannan ayyuka suna dauke da sarki-kawo canji sananne, tabbatar da wannan labarin da aka kiyaye.

m dalibi

A 1716, da sauransu, "da Rasha al'umma almajiransa" Matveev zo a Amsterdam. Ya shawarta ya shahara Dutch hoto mai zane-zane Arnold Boonen. Don samun to shi ne mai girma girmamawa, kamar yadda ya dauke da wani Celebrity, master, embodies da mafi kyau hadisai na makaranta na Rembrandt, da kuma hotuna da ya goga, wanda kudin kudi mai yawa, da umarnin da daraja da kuma arziki da mutane daga ko'ina Turai. Zai yiwu taimaka Matveyev yana da matukar Rasha sarki matar. Catherine na kaina, na sadu Boonenom a lokacin da yake tafiye-tafiye zuwa Holland.

Curator na mallaka na Rasha dalibai ya Johann van den Burg, da aka sani a Rasha a matsayin Yagan Fandenburg, na sirri wakili na Bitrus I, ya dauke sarki da sauran manufa. Ya aka sosai tsananin bi da hali na matasa Russia, sau da yawa ya hau jiki zagi a kan waɗanda suka mãsu kasãla, kuma womanizing. Peter a kai a kai ya ruwaito a cikin su rahotannin cewa wasu Turai fansho free iska yi intoxicating.

Sai kawai daya daga cikin "kajin Bitrus gida" ba ya haifar da wani gunaguni Fandenberga - Matveev. Andrew kansa a kai a kai aika zuwa Rasha su aiki kamar yadda wani rahoto a kan ci gaban ilimi. Babu shakka, ya samu nasara da aka gani - an san cewa a kan umarni na Empress, ya aka sanya da ƙarin izni. Abinda ya tashe-tashen Matveeva zauna kasashen waje, don haka yana da wani ɓangare na cutar, ta wurin wahala daga m horo.

kwanuka biyu

Matveeva horo zai šauki tsawon shekara goma sha ɗaya, kuma kunshi biyu, saukarwa. Da farko ya nazarin daki-daki ma'adanin na hoto. Boonen ciyar da yawa lokaci a kan saitin adadi, da ci gaba da dalibai fasaha da basira, Master da daban-daban dabaru na zanen, da yin amfani da daban-daban kayan. Daya daga cikin manyan hanyoyin da horo da aka kwashe ayyukan da tsohon Masters. Ana aikawa da ciki duniya Zagayawar girmamawa Boonen bai biya.

A lokacin, da horo da aka yi amfani da ko'ina mulki daga master zuwa wani. Na yanke shawarar in gwada wannan hanya da kuma Matveev. Andrei Matveyevich tambayi izni je The Hague, to Karel Moor. Wannan master ya ba kasa shahara (kuma ba kawai a cikin Netherlands), kuma aka sani ga Rasha na sarki iyali, wanda izini su hotuna Moore.

Moorovsky hoto na Bitrus zama tushen irin wannan aiki Matveeva sanya su a wannan lokacin. Idan mun gwada wadannan biyu zane-zane ya bayyana yanayin da basira, wanda ya Matveev. Yanina Matveevich biya fiye da hankali ga mutuntakar da Rasha Tsar. A cikin picturesque gabatar da Peter ne mafi mutum, kasa kamar wata alama ce unshakeable ikon, kamar yadda ya bayyana a gaban hoto na Moor, da aka sani da yawa zana rubutu.

Academy of Fine Arts a Antwerp

A 1724, Matveev ke St. Petersburg da bukatar ci gaba da karatu a Art Academy of Antwerp. Ya zaci akwai su koyi wani sabon salo - "rubuta labaru", da cewa shi ne da storyline zanen: kamã da jũna, mythological, tarihi da kuma yaƙi zane-zane. Shan la'akari da himma na dalibi kuma ya samu nasarori a Petersburg aka yanke shawarar ba da damar ritaya don mika tsaya a Turai, wanda ya m a lokacin.

A 1725, Petr Veliky mutu. Yanina Matveev, biography wanda ya fara a zamanin mulkin Tsar-kawo canji, ya aika da sakon ta'aziyya ga Catherine kuma dora wa sakon ya rubuta "Misalin zanen." Wannan kananan, fentin a kan wani katako, kwamitin hoto ne dauke da farko a cikin tarihin kasar na zanen mãkirci da samfurin na gwamnati yanayi, da farko hoto a Turai ma'anarta.

Shi ne bayyane ga wasu da rashin tabbas a cikin hoton na nudity, amma a bayyane da kuma muhimmanci ga kerawa Matveeva marmarin kara cika kwaikwaya ciki abun ciki da kuma high art na zanen - mai arziki palette da wani haske shafa. Goddess, inda kodayaushe domin a hoto, Matveev ya dabiu Catherine I.

Koma zuwa Rasha

Nazarin a makarantar kimiyya da aka katse for Matveeva spring 1727, bayan mutuwar Rasha Empress. Ya koma zuwa Rasha, inda ya yi yanzu yana da wani hannu da shuni, ba abokai. Bisa ga kafa tsari, ya yi da za a dangana ga picturesque sashen Office na gine-gine, wanda aka tsunduma a cikin aiwatar da wani m iri-iri m kotu umarni. Bisa ga wannan hanya ta kafa Bitrus, duk iso cikin Turai bayan da horo auku gwajin, bayan da ya bayyana a cikin fasaha matakin da cewa sun cimma.

Kammalawa na sana'a suitability Matveyev ya ba da sai shugaban tawagar na Louis Caravaque picturesque - Faransa wanda zauna a Rasha tun 1716. Ya kasance, kamar yadda ya Sahaban shaida, undistinguished fenta, amma ya iya fenti hotuna, da kama aka karin cewa shi ya ga Rasha abokan ciniki da ban mamaki sabon abu. Caravaque yaba da fasaha Matveeva, abin lura cewa, yana "mafi adept at zanen fiye da a cikin hoton."

Vertical Golitsyn

Duk da wannan takardar shaida, Andrey Matveev, an artist na Turai horo, shiga cikin ma'aikatan na Office of kawai a shekara, amma a yanzu zama ba tare da abincinsu. Ya tsĩrar da umurninsa a kan biyu farati hoto prince Golitsyn biyu.

Musamman ma'ana halitta Matveev image Anastasia Petrovna Galitzine. Yana da aka kira "Baba bugu da wawa" ba, amma mutane da yawa sun samu. Tsohon Cracker Catherine haife tare da zalunci da wulakanci da kotu, a karkashin Peter Golitsyn aka hana duk jihar da kuma fitar ga musharaka cikin wani ƙulli ɗan sarki Alexei. Kawai bayan mutuwar da Bitrus da Catherine, ta reinstated, ta koma jihar. The artist gudanar ya bayyana hadaddun da shubuha ji game da model ta yin wani m hoto ne warai m.

Cikin shahararrun zanen

A kan samu na matsayi a cikin picturesque artist tawagar kudi halin da ake ciki inganta dan kadan. Ba da da ewa canza sirri rayuwa - ya aure Irine Stepanovne Antropovoy, dan uwan daga cikin shahararrun fenta. Tare da wannan taron bayyanar yawa ana hade shahararrun zane-zane Matveeva. Andrei Matveevich yawa know da abin da aka rubuta a 1729. "Kai hoto tare da matarsa."

Mafi yawan da aka gawurtaccen. Wannan shi ne daya daga cikin na farko kai-hotuna a tarihin Rasha zanen, na farko Rasha artist kwatanta kansa da matarsa. Hakika, Matveev ya gani irin al'amuran da Rembrandt da Rubens, amma ya zanen, ya cika musamman ƙullenku. The matasa matarsa kuwa game da shekaru 16 da haihuwa, da kuma kau da frankly kuma ya nuna auna admiring ta kada ɗanɗanonta ya gushe. Ya ba boye artist da farin ciki. Wannan yayi dace da duk yanayi: abun da ke ciki, zane, zanen hur airbag, dumi sonorous palette. Wannan shi ne gaskiya fitacciyar da artist zanen wani babban ihisani akan, amma cike da tunani na da karfi wanda ya m ga Turai Masters.

Babi na picturesque Team

A 1730, shugaban na wasan kwaikwayo sashen na ofishin gine-gine a karo na farko ya zama Rasha artist - Yanina Matveevich Matveev. Zane-zane domin ado na jihar dakuna da ɗakuna, ado zanen facades, ciki da kuma furniture, gumaka na sabuwar gina Cathedrals da majami'u - da kundinta da kuma iri-iri da ya yi a karkashin shugabanci na Matveeva aiki mai girma. Sikelin da wuraren, zane na wanda hannu da tawagar picturesque, canza cika fuska daga cikin Bitrus da Bulus babban coci da sarauta dovecote, daga cikin majalisar dattijai Hall daga cikin sha biyun kwalejojin (Petrovsky University Hall) kafin zanen da sarauta karusai.

Ya Sashen ya da samfur na nan gaba da kuma Academy of Arts. M kwarewa da kuma mutum halaye Matveeva (hakuri da kuma hankali ga matasa) taimake shi ya shirya wani sabon, gwani kuma alhakin ma'aikata domin su tawagar gida, Rasha kafofin watsa labarai.

Poor kiwon lafiya da aka gaba daya overstrained aiki. A cikin bazara na 1739, ya rasu. Material al'adunmu Matveeva, ya sauko mana a cikin juz'i ne kadan. Amma shi ne isa zuwa ga kimanta da fice taimako na artist a cikin gida zanen.