Zamba karni. Famous scammers da fraudsters

XX Century shiga tarihi a matsayin karni na zamba da kuma grand ruɗi. Sale na Eiffel Tower, da kudi dala Mmm, sata, likita quackery - bai cika jerin zamba da ya girgiza bil'adama. Saboda haka, za mu gabatar muku da saman 10: mafi m zamba karni.

10 wuri. Duo, wanda ba zai iya raira waƙa

Rating daga cikin manyan frauds na XX karni yana buɗewa rare a 80-90-ies. Jamus pop kungiyar Milli Vanilli. Rob Pilatus da Fabrice Morvan gangara a tarihi kamar yadda Duo wanda ba zai iya raira waƙa.

Milli Vanilli - protege daga cikin shahararrun Jamus m Frank Farian. Duo aka kafa a farkon 80-ies karni na karshe da sauri tsiwirwirinsu fitarwa a duniya. Grandiose nuna, wasanni a cikin babbar biranen Turai, miliyoyin magoya - duk wannan ya zama gaskiya ga tsohon rawa da kuma Rob Faris. Ganiya da Duo ta shahararsa shi ne shekara ta 1990 lokacin da Milli Vanilli samu babbar Grammy Award a cikin category "Best New Artist". Duk da haka, kungiyar aikin da aka zarar katse saboda da abin kunya. A lokacin da wake-wake a Bristol (United States), inda Rob da Faris rera waka "live", akwai wani fasaha da gazawar da wani faifai a kan wanda aka rubuta da soundtrack. A sakamakon haka, da magana daga cikin shahararrun song «Girl ka san shi ke Gaskiya» an maimaita sau da yawa, da kuma Duo aka tilasta su bar wurin. Sai ya juya daga cewa a lokacin da yake gudanar da wasanni Pilatus da Morvan kamantuwa da tsarkakewa, da kuma asali muryoyin mallakar American mawaƙa Charles Shaw, Brad Howell da Yahaya Davis.

Bayan da abin kunya da aka bi da wani dogon fitina. A sakamakon haka, Duo aka tilasta daina duk lambobin yabo. Bugu da kari, da cheated dalibai ta biya kudin da ya samu records Milli Vanilli, kuma tikiti zuwa ga kide.

9th wuri. Miracle Dzhona Brinkli

9th wuri a cikin ranking na "mafi m zamba karni" likita zamba dauki Dzhona Brinkli. Wannan mutum ya iya a cikin 'yan shekaru canza kama daga talakawa kauyen yaron ya multimillionaire!

Dzhon Brinkli aka haife shi a wani karamin kauye da American. A cikin matasa da yake da shi mai yawa aiki. Sai a wannan lokaci, John fara mamaki game da doka albashi. "Malamai" Brinkley ya zama sananne a North Carolina scammers da fraudsters.

A shekarar 1918, John sayi wani likita digiri da fara aiwatar da wani iri-iri na frauds. Lzhedoktor don magance matsalolin da suka shafi namiji iko. Ya miƙa marasa lafiya "cures" na tinted distilled ruwa. Sa'an nan Yahaya ya Brinkley da wani m ra'ayin. Ba da da ewa ya lzhedoktor shawo dukan mutane cewa warware matsalar da iko zai sauya al'aurar na a goat. Bayan shekaru biyu, wani sabon kasuwanci Mr. Brinkley fara kawo m albashi. A wata, shi da takwarorinsa sun gudanar da akalla 50 ake gudanar! A shekarar 1923, cikin nasara kasuwa ya samu kansa radio station, inda cikin tãguwar ruwa tallata asibitin Dr. Brinkley.

A 30-ies. lzhedoktor ya kammala wani likita yi. Mr. Brinkley a kan da dama lawsuits saboda da rasuwar tsohon marasa lafiya da aka ƙaddamar. A 1941, sanannen speculator ayyana fatara.

8th wuri. A laifin-artist

A farkon da XX karni da Rasha Empire, da kalaman na banki frauds. The most bankuna a kasar sun rasa manyan kudi. Matsalar na dogon lokaci shiru, kamar yadda kungiyar ba ya so ya rasa amanar ta zuba jari miliyoyi. Daga baya ya juya daga cewa duk wadannan zamba,-sace da aka za'ayi a karkashin shugabanci na wani Michael Tsereteli. A sassa daban daban na Rasha ya aka sani a karkashin sunaye daban-daban: Prince of hazo, Eristavi, Andronikov.

Tsereteli gayyace yin hadin gwiwa tare da arziki a cikin daular, Ya tafi da takardar fasfot da kuma kasafta su ajiya a banki. A 1913, da fraudster ya iya rike wani babban-sikelin zamba a Jamus. Ya shirya wani rokan kudi domin gina da kuma gyara daga cikin rundunar motoci, sa'an nan misappropriated wani babban Jimlar.

Wani fannin na aiki Tsereteli ya fashi na arziki Ladies a Turai mura. The saurayi da sauri shafa cikin dõgara, sa'an nan lured mata manyan kudade.

A shekara ta 1914, a karkashin sunan Prince Tumanov Tsereteli ya rayu a Odessa. A shekara daga baya da aka kama shi. Sai ya juya daga abin da kawai a 1914-1915 gg. cheater cranked fitar da fiye da 10 babbar zamba! Duk da haka Tsereteli taba duba ga uzuri, ya kawai ya ce: "Ni ba wani laifi, I - Artist '.

7th wuri. Kama Ni idan za ka iya

Frenk Abigneyl for 5 shekaru ya yi wata babbar lamba na grand zamba. Wannan mutum ya zo a cikin tarihi na Amurka a matsayin babbar cheater. Bugu da kari, bisa ga rai na baiwa swindler aka yin fim Stivena Spilberga "Kama Ni idan za ka iya." Saboda haka, abin da yake sanannen Frenk Abigneyl?

Babban zamba na Mr. Abagnale aka alaka jabu na banki takardun. Su da ayyukan miyagu Frank fara a shekaru 16, ya yaudare mahaifinsa. 21 years saurayi "kokarin on" da yawa fasahohin. Ya kasance mai pediatrician, farfesa ilimin halayyar zaman jama'a har ma da Babban Mai Shari'a na Louisiana! Daga cikin dabarunsa na Mr. Abagnale shafi ajiyar bankuna a kasashen Turai 26.

A 21, a swindler aka kama. Amma 5 shekaru daga baya an sake farkon a kan yanayin cewa tsohon fraudster zai yi aiki tare da FBI. A sakamakon haka, fiye da shekaru 40 Frenk Abigneyl shawarci Ofishin Bincike da kuma taimaka wajen fallasa zamba.

6th wuri. karya ne Rockefeller

Christopher Rokankurt aka haife shi a wani karamin kauye Faransa. A cikin shekaru 20 da ya yi ta farko da laifi - fashi Geneva banki. Bayan haka, Mr. Rokankurt bar ga USA. Da farko, Christopher ya memba na yiwuwa na arziki mata, inda kodayaushe a matsayin ɗan Sofi Loren ko dan wa Dino De Laurentiis. Ba da da ewa Mr. Rokankurt ƙirƙira wani sabon labari. Ya zama memba na Amirka James Rockefeller banki iyali, sanannen kafa Standard Oil. Rich rayuwa, da hankali ga mata sirri helikofta - duk wannan ya zama gaskiya ga tsohon matalauta mutum. Kristofer Rokfeller sauri ya gabatar a cikin amincewa daga cikin shahararrun mutane. Abokansa suka fara Jean-Klod Van Damme, kuma Mikki Rurk. Amma da ɗaukakar da ƙarya Rockefeller da aka short-rayu. A shekarar 2000, Christopher Rokankurt aka kama. Bayan beli fraudster tafi Hong Kong, inda ya ci gaba da zamba. A 2001, aka kama shi kuma da ake zargi da embezzling $ 40 miliyan.

5th wuri. Mmm

5 ga watan wuri a cikin ranking daga cikin manyan swindles daukan wani kudi dala Mmm. Mavrodi Sergey ne dauke da Oganeza na babbar zamba a cikin tarihi na Rasha. A tsarin da aka kafa a shekarar 1989 da kuma ya ci gaba da zama aiki har sai 1994. Shirya Mmm, Mavrodi yanke shawarar yin sunan daga farko haruffa na sunayen ta kafa (Sergey Panteleevicha na ɗan'uwansa, kuma Olga Melnikova). Da farko kamfanin da aka tsunduma a sayar da kwakwalwa. Tun shekarar 1992, kungiyar ta fara samar da nasu hannun jari, wanda aka sayar sosai da sauri. Sa'an nan Mavrodi buga da ake kira Mmm tikiti. Price da tikitin ne 1/100 hannun jari. Outwardly sun kasance kama da Rasha ruble, amma a tsakiyar takarda mai hoto na Mavrodi. A shekarar 1994, Mmm, akwai fiye da miliyan 12 ajiyar. A watan Agusta shekara ta 1994, da rigima kafa na kudi dala, aka kama, da kuma ayyukan da Mmm tsaya. A cewar daban-daban data, Sergei Mavrodi na zamba shafa game da miliyan 10 ajiyar.

Financial zamba - daya daga cikin manyan matsalolin da XX karni. Sergey Mavrodi ta tsarin da aka ba kawai daya daga cikin 'yan kamfanoni daga wanda miliyoyin mutane sun sha wahala. List of kudi pyramids na XX karni za ka iya gani a kasa.

Mafi shahara dala makircinsu

• Dala Dona Branca. A shekarar 1970, wani dan kasa na Portugal, Donna Brank bude da kansa banki. Domin jawo hankalin ajiyar ta yi alkawarin kudin wata-wata ba kasa da 10% na kowane abokin ciniki. Dubban mutane daga ko'ina cikin ƙasar danƙa su kudi da bankin. Amma a shekarar 1984 Don Brank aka kama domin da zamba da kuma grand dala makirci rushe.
• Students Lu Perlmana. M crook shahara ga tun sayar kusan miliyan 300 da hannun jari na ba babu kamfanoni.
• "Turai Royal Club" - wani kamfanin halitta da Hans Shpahtholtsem kuma Damar Bertges. A sakamakon da fraudulent kungiyar dubban masu zuba jari daga kasashe daban-daban rasa game da $ 1 mrld.

Dala makircinsu XXI

Dala makircinsu - ba kawai matsala na XX karni. A iri-iri na zamba makircinsu ci gaba da za a aiwatar har yanzu. Mun gabatar da mu jerin daga cikin shahararrun dala makircinsu na XXI karni.

• "Biyu rajistan shiga" - makirci ci gaba a cikin saba malami daga Pakistan, Syed Shah. Na farko, ya sanya wani tsari don ta makwabta, alkawarin da sauri ninka su zuba jari. Ba da da ewa, da dala ya girma a fadin kasar. A sakamakon haka, Shah gudanar naƙasta ajiyar na fiye da $ 800 miliyan.
• Barnard Madoff dala - babban zamba, shirya da kasuwan Amurka, an dauki daya daga cikin manyan kudi zamba a tarihi. A sakamakon zuba jari da asusun Madoff cheated kasance fiye da miliyan 3 mutane. Damage sha wahala da zuba jari, da aka kiyasta a $ 65 biliyan.

4th wuri. Financial baiwa na Charlz Pontsi

4th wuri a cikin ranking na "mafi m zamba na karni" kudi zamba zauna Charles Ponzi. Mr. Ponzi an dauki daya daga cikin manyan zamba a tarihin Amurka. Future kudi swindler isa a kasar a 1903. Bisa ga mafi Ponzi, a aljihu shi ne "$ 2 dala miliyan da kuma fatan." A shekara ta 1919, ya dauki wani aboki $ 200 da kafa nasa kudi dala SXC. Ponzi miƙa su ajiyar albashi a cikin sayarwa da kuma sayan kaya a kasashe daban-daban. Bugu da kari, da scammer Ya yi wa'adi da abokan ciniki a 50% sama a kan ajiya na watanni 3. Ponzi makirci fara aiki nasara. Duk da haka m shirin rushe a lokacin da wani aboki na Charles, ya taba lent shi kudi, ya bukaci da rabi na samun kudin shiga Ponzi. Akwai wani dogon fitina, a lokacin da "kudi baiwa" da aka ayyana fatara da kuma tura zuwa ga mahaifarsa. Charlz Pontsi mutu a Rio de Janeiro, inda aka binne shi a kan sa na karshe $ 75.

3rd wuri. Fraudster prodigy

3rd wuri a cikin ranking na "mafi m zamba karni" ya dauki Martin Fraenkel zamba. Wannan mutumin, tare da Charles Ponzi, a swindler an dauki mafi girma a tarihin Amurka. Tun suna yara, Martin maligned wani rabo nasara kasuwa. Yaron sauke karatu daga makarantar sakandare farkon, sa'an nan ya tafi zuwa jami'a.

Ya laifi hanya m fraudster ya fara a shekara ta 1986, ya kafa zuba jari m Creative Partners Asusun LP. A sakamakon haka, Martin Frenkel gudanar domin tafka zamba ta zuba jari game da $ 1 da miliyan. A 'yan shekarun baya conman kafa wani zuba jari da asusun da kuma game da shi muhimmanci ƙara da kudaden shiga.

A 'yan shekarun baya Frankel je sama tare da sabon zamba, da kuma fara sayen kamfanonin inshora a daban-daban jihohi.

A shekarar 1998, m fraudster ya samu biyu da amfani sosai ga: Amirka jakadan Tarayyar Soviet da kuma zuwa ga sanannun Katolika firist, Uba Yakubu. Tare da su taimako, ya shirya wani sadaka asusu a cikin goyon bayan Amirka coci, wanda, a gaskiya, shi ne wani dala makirci.

Da ayyukan da Mr. Frenkel aka tsayar kawai a 2001, lokacin da aka kama shi da kuma yanke masa hukuncin shekaru 200.

2nd wuri. 419 zamba

2nd wuri a cikin ranking shi ne mafi girma kudi zamba na XX karni. A cikin labarin, ta shiga a matsayin "Nijeriya harafin" ko "419 zamba". Ya kamata a lura da cewa makirci kafa daga kasa, ya ci gaba da aiki a wannan rana.

419 zamba fara a cikin 80s. karshe karni. A wannan lokaci, wani rukuni na laifi kafa a Najeriya, wanda ya fara saka a cikin yi da haihuwa dabara na magudi m 'yan ƙasa. Ba da da ewa wannan dabara zamba ya yaɗu a kan Internet. Mene ne jigon da Nijeriya haruffa?

Mail to mutane daga kasashe daban-daban zo ga wasika daga Najeriya ko wasu kasashen Afrika. Mai aikawa da mai karɓa roka da su taimaka a Multi-miliyan dollar ayyukan, alamar gwaji kashi. Kamar yadda wani janar mulki, da aikawa bayyana wa tsohon Sarki, magajin wani mai arziki, ko da wani banki. Harafin ƙunshi bukatar taimako a cikin translation na wani babban Jimlar zuwa wata kasa, ko kafin su sami gādo. Idan mai karɓa ya amince ya taimaka aikawa, shi zai ba kawai ba su sami wa'adi da kudi, da kuma hasarar nasa.

1st wuri. Sale na Eiffel Tower

Saboda haka, 1st wuri a cikin ranking ne mafi asali zamba XX karni. An dauke da Oganeza Victor Lustig. Wannan conman gangara a tarihi a matsayin mutum wanda ya sayar da Eiffel Tower.

A farkon XX karni, a 'yan qasar na Jamhuriyar Czech Victor Lustig zauna a Paris. Ga ya cranks 'yan zamba, sa'an nan kuma ya koma Amurka. A shekara ta 1925, Lustig koma zuwa Paris. Akwai, a shafukan na jarida na karanta wani sako furtawa cewa Eiffel Tower ne kusan auku a cikin disrepair kuma a bukatar gyara ko rushe. Wannan bayani ya ba da dalilin wani sabon m zamba. Lustig, inda kodayaushe a matsayin Faransa, ta aika da arziki tycoons a Turai telegrams nã kiran su ne zuwa ga shiga a cikin tattaunawa na kara rabo daga cikin babban alama ce Paris. A daidai wannan lokaci shi ya tabbatar su na da bukatar kiyaye wannan bayanai asiri. A sakamakon haka, a $ 50 dubu. Victor Lustig sayar da hakkin ya jefa cikin Eiffel hasumiya Andre Poisson. Bi jim kadan bayan haka Faransa hukuma abin kunya da aka ɓõye ta sama.

Lustig hijira zuwa {asar Amirka, amma a 'yan shekarun baya ya koma zuwa Paris da kuma sake sayar da Eiffel Tower (wannan lokaci domin 75 dubu. Dollars).