ZIL-170: bayani dalla-dalla da kuma hotuna

KamAZ manyan motoci dole gani kome da kome. Kuma sunan da na'ura, mai hoto na wanda aka gabatar a kasa? Hankula ga KamAZ muzzle cabover sanyi, da kuma mutane uku a cikin taksi ... da kuma haruffa "ZIL" a cikin ƙarshen gaban. Duk da haka, wannan ba wani hatsari. Yana kama da mota ZIL-170 - wani irin "baba" motoci fitowa daga ƙofar a Naberezhnye Chelny shuka (shuka hadaddun domin samar da manyan motoci "Kamaz").

Gaskiyar ita ce, da farko model zuwa yanzu KAMAZ da aka tsara a cikin wani sha'anin, kuma a cikin waɗannan kwanaki, a lokacin da shuka "Kamaz" bai wanzu ba. Na samu wani tsari don samar Shuka. Likhachev ( "ZIL"). Da shi shi ne kawai kamfanin wanda samar iya aiki a lokacin iya rike shi. A tsarin ya ci nasara, kuma bayan da farkon samar a Naberezhnye Chelny injiniyoyi yanke shawarar cewa ba lallai ba ne su fara harkokin cikin dabaran a karo na biyu. A farko truck sauko da taro line, ya kusan m siffofin da mota ZIL-170, wani photo da za ka iya gani a cikin wannan mujalla.

model tarihi

Kafin a ci gaba kai tsaye zuwa cikin bayanin irin truck, mun lura cewa da farko mota KamAZ suka fito daga cikin ma'aikata da ƙõfõfi, a 1977. Iyakar abin da bambanci da cewa za a iya gani a zamani kayan, karfe rectangular fitilolin mota, yayin da wani kasa shahara ZIL-130 lighting abubuwa zagaye.

Saboda haka, me ya sa a cikin na farko Kamaz sun sauran haruffa? Tarihi ZIL-170 ya fara a cikin 60s na karshe karni, a lokacin da Moscow Likhachev Shuka ba da umurni don tsara wani sabon nauyi dukiya motocin. Kamar wancan Minavtoprom jaddada maki biyu: na farko - cikin truck ya zama kamar Yammacin (cabover), da kuma na biyu - kana bukatar ka kafa samarwa a wani sabon wuri. Shi ne ya kamata a lura da cewa a lokaci guda, da shuka ya a cike lilo ci gaban ZIL-130, kazalika da filin gwaji 3169 model cewa kawai iya saduwa da dukan bukatun na ma'aikatar.

Motar da babban iya aiki, ba kasa kaya, amma shi ya kasance wani Soviet bonneted truck. A cikin jerin, ya ba su tafi ba. Wadannan da model na shuka ne za a zama ZIL-170. Car halittar labari fara a 1968, lokacin da ƙofofin da shuka bar farko cabover tarakta (daga baya KamAZ-5410). A shekarar 1969 ya buga na gwaji version na manyan motoci da kuma juji manyan motoci (da bi, KamAZ 5320 da kuma 5510). A wannan shekara, yi da shuka ta fara, wanda baya ya tafi duk da nasarorin da ZIL, a karkashin sunan KamAZ.

A farko model na sabon kamfanin ma sa da alama a kan kaho da shuka. Likhachev. KamAZ haruffa (logo, a cikin wani nau'i na gudãna doki da aka haife yawa daga baya), bisa ga labari, ya bayyana a lokacin da ENEA gan ta farko ba za su da truck daga shuka a Naberezhnye Chelny. Wani daga cikin ma'aikata ce cewa inji kerarre a wani sha'anin, ya kamata, bai ɗaukar sunan ZIL. A sakamakon haka, Moscow shuka ya koma zuwa ga bonit zane zažužžukan, da kuma ZIL-170 a karkashin sunan KamAZ samar da wannan rana.

Protopip

Bayan karbar aiki, da shuka "ZIL" sayi dama yammacin zabin kuma a karshe ya daidaita a kan daya. Sun zama International American samar.

sabon mota gida don samun kadan more rectangular fiye da asali, tare da wani sumul gaban fascia da dual madauwari fitilolin mota. Wani bambanci daga American ya kasance fitowan da bel ga direba da daya fasinja (a wuri domin na biyu fasinja ya riga ya bayyana a kan Kamaz.) Daga cikin samfur da aka ma dauka ikon tuƙi da ra'ayin Multi-kewaye birki tsarin.

ikon sashe

A shekara ta 1969, da engine shuka a Yaroslavl samu wani tsari - ya ci gaba da kuma sa'an nan saki da injuna domin sabuwar mota. Tare da wannan sabon engine dole iko isa - ba kasa da 200 lita. wani., tun da mota zai supersize. Yaroslavl gabatar da wani version YaMZ-6E641, shi ma injiniyoyi sun ɓullo da PPC YaMZ-E141. Ya na farko version na engine a kan ZIL-170. A engine ya zana da biyu ƙarni, a 1970, a matsayin tsarin gano wata matsala bane.

A sabon engine model truck samu raguwa YaMZ-740. Kamar na farko embodiment, shi ne 8-Silinda dizal engine tare da wani ƙarfi na 10 lita da wani V- dimbin yawa tsari na cylinders. Iyãwarsa ya 210 lita. wani. Idan muka yi magana game da 'Yuro' nagartacce, shi ne dokoki ne da kamar wuya ya amsa, amma a shekarar 1970 shi ne mai kyau zabi, kuma shi ne wanda ya kasance a kan ZIL-170 manyan motoci.

fasaha halaye

zanen da aka ba a cikin Shirin zanen da cewa: na farko, inji dole ne isasshe hadade, kuma abu na biyu, ya kamata hada duka (ko kusan duk) sabon aukuwa daga waɗanda sau. Daya daga cikin wadannan al'amarinta ya kasance da watsa. Yaroslavl tsĩrar da ta akwatin 5 gudu. Designers yi amfani da shi, amma ya kara da divider, sakamakon kara yawan gudu daga sama zuwa 10. A samfur, sa'an nan taro samar samu 10 giya gaba da 2 baya.

divider kewaye ya fairly sabon amma sosai sauki - kawai 2 matakai. A mataki na farko shi ne kai tsaye hada - kamar yadda za'ayi saman biyar, da kuma na biyu da aka kara, don haka da cewa shi yiwuwa a hada da 6th kuma m. Wannan divider kuma yi aiki a baya shugabanci, daya gudun - "daga cikin akwatin", da kuma na biyu - da gonakin part.

Axels

Har ila yau, daya daga cikin yanayi sama domin ya zama 6x4 kudi na 3 da gatura, ƙafafun 6, biyu drive axis. New aukuwa an yi amfani da nan. A farko da kuma karshe aksali da su drive shafts, yayin da talakawan aka sanye take da wani cibiyar bambanci.

man fetur amfani

Daya daga cikin sabon fasali, to, wanda aka wuce gādo daga cikin 'ya'yan fari na sabon shuka - wanda shi ne mafi ƙarancin man fetur amfani. Babbar ZIL-170 daukan wani total of 34 lita 100 km. Wadannan Manuniya ne ga wannan rana daga ƙaskantattu a cikin nauyi-taƙawa motocin a cikin aji.

external zažužžukan

Da yake jawabi game da waje data daga cikin na'ura, shi wajibi ne don la'akari da dama da maki. Motar da aka yi wani nauyi-da farko wani zaɓi a jiki nauyi na 8 ton iya dauka 6 ton na kaya. A samfur da aka a flatbed truck da tarpaulin, amma bayan ya tafi da kuma motoci, da kuma juji manyan motoci. Duk da haka a hankali da ci gaban wadannan gyare-gyare zo riga a shuka a Naberezhnye Chelny. Saboda haka, don bayyana da kuma dauki jirgin version. All sigogi na ZIL-170 aka nuna a cikin makirci gabatar a sama.

Main girma, wanda sun guda ga duk inji, mun rubuta dabam. Total tsawon - 7435 mm, da nisa daga damina da farko dabaran cibiyar - 1275 mm tsakanin gatura na raya ƙafafun - 1320 mm, daga gaba da raya na cibiyoyin - 3190 mm. Overall nisa - 2500 mm, tsakanin tayoyin a kan wannan aksali - kadan fiye da 2000 mm. Cikinsa da raya biyu daga axles karfafa - 4 a kowane dabaran.

Za ka iya kuma sun hada da halayyar lagireto grille zuwa waje data a cikin sama dama daga cikin ƙarshen gaban, wanda aka gada KamAZ, kuma da yawa wasu abubuwa da saduwa kasa da kasa da bukatun, kamar lacing a kasa na alfarwa.

ƙarshe

"ZIL" shi ne kawai shuka na Tarayyar Soviet, wanda ci gaba, da samun a cikin jerin, ya zama consistently nasara kamar yadda, misali, da ZIL-130. Mutane da yawa m model sun rẽshensa daga babban jerin (131, 132, 133 540). Kamar haka suka fara da ZIL-170. Domin a saki wadannan juyi sun gina dukan shuka. A farko motoci na sabon sha'anin raya mayar da "ZIL", amma daga baya sai ta zama gaba daya daban-daban na'ura. Duk da haka, kuma suka iske su aikace-aikace a cikin zamani masana'antu.