Zinaida Serebryakov: biography da kuma hoto

Zinaida Serebryakova - Rasha artist, wanda ya zama sananne a farkon karni na 20th, ya kai-hoto, ya rayu mai tsawo da kuma m rayuwa, da yawa daga wanda ya tafi gudun hijira a birnin Paris. Yanzu, a cikin farkawa daga cikin m Tretyakov Gallery nuni da ta aiki, ina so in tuna da magana game da ita da wuya rayuwa, da UPS da kuma hambarar da na ƙaddara ta a iyalinta.

Zinaida Serebryakov: biography, na farko nasarorin a zanen

Ta aka haife shi a 1884 a cikin shahararrun m iyali Benoit-Lancer, wanda shi ne sanannen domin ƙarni da dama na sculptors, painters, gine-ginen da composers. Ta yara da aka kashe a cikin wani ban mamaki m yanayi a cikin da'irar a babban iyali, kewaye ta da taushi da kuma kula.

The iyali ya rayu a St. Petersburg, kuma a lokacin rani ne ko da yaushe mayar da su cikin Estate Neskuchnoye kusa Kharkov. Zanen Zinaida Evgenevna Serebryakova karatu a asirce a farko a Princess Tenishcheva a St. Petersburg, sa'an nan a cikin hoto O. Braz. Daga baya, ta ci gaba ta ilimi a Faransa da kuma Italiya.

A da ya dawo daga Paris, da artist shiga cikin al'umma "The World of Art" kawo tare artists daga waɗanda sau, baya kira da Azurfa Age. A farko nasara ya zo da ita a cikin 1910, bayan da nuna masa kai-hoto "Domin bayan gida" (1909), nan da nan ya sayi P. Tretyakov ga gallery.

A zanen nuna wani kyakkyawan matasa mace da yake a tsaye a gaban madubi, yin safe bayan gida. Ta idanu duba kirki a kan viewer gefe da gefe a kan wani tebur aza mata Tukuicin: kwalabe na turare, da kayan ado akwatin, abun wuya, da daraja wani unlit kyandir. A wannan aikin, da artist ta fuska da idanu har yanzu cike da m matasa da rãnã mai haske bayyana wani tunanin rai-tsantsan hali.

Aure da yara

Tare da ya zaba daya ta shafe ta ƙuruciya da samartaka, kullum sadarwa da kuma Neskuchnii, kuma a St. Petersburg da iyalinsa Serebryakov dangi. Boris Serebryakov ya ta dan uwan, suka ƙaunar juna lokacin kuruciya da kuma a mafarkin yin aure. Duk da haka, wannan bai yi aiki ba na dogon lokaci saboda sabanin ra'ayi a kan coci a hankali alaka aure. Shi ne kawai a 1905, bayan da yarjejeniyar tare da na gida firist (300 rubles) dangi sun iya ba su da wani bikin aure.

Interests newlyweds aka gaba daya juyawa: Boris aka shirya don zama wani injiniya na jiragen kasa, da na ƙaunar da hadarin, da kuma ko da ya tafi gudanar da aiki a Manchuria a lokacin da Rasha-Japanese yaki, da kuma Zinaida Serebryakova ya m na zanen. Duk da haka, sun yi matukar m da karfi soyayya dangantaka, yin tsare-tsaren na nan gaba rayuwa tare.

Su rayuwa tare fara da tafiya zuwa Paris a tsawon kowace shekara, inda artist suka tafi a kan ya yi nazarin zane a Academy de la Grande Chaumiere kuma Boris karatu a makarantan digiri na gadoji da hanyoyi.

Komowa zuwa Neskuchnoye, da artist ne rayayye aiki a kan shimfidar da hotuna, da kuma Boris ya ci gaba da karatu a Cibiyar Communications da tsunduma a housekeeping. Suna da yara hudu-pogodok: na farko, 'ya'ya biyu maza,' ya'ya mata biyu sa'an nan. A lokacin wadannan shekaru, ta yara suna kishin yawa ayyuka da cewa yin tunãni qawar mata da kuma girma up yara.

Famous zanen "At karin kumallo," siffanta wani iyali idi a cikin gidan, inda ya na zaune cikin kauna da farin ciki, ya siffanta yara a tebur, da suke kewaye da gida Tukuicin. The artist rubuta hotuna, ta kuma mijinta, almara da tattalin arziki rayuwa Neskuchnii fa, tã wani gida baƙauye a cikin ayyukansu "whitening zane", "Harvest", da sauransu. A unguwa ne sosai m Serebryakov iyali, mutunta shi da ikon noma da haka farin ciki da haifar ga wani hoto artist.

Juyin juya halin da kuma yunwa

A juyin juya halin Musulunci events na 1917, kuma ya zo wa Neskuchnyi, kawo wuta da kuma bala'i. Serebryakov homestead kone "mayakan na juyin juya hali," amma artist kanta tare da yara gudanar ya bar fita daga gare ta, tare da taimakon kananan manoma, wanda ya yi gargadin ta kuma ko da ya ba da hanya ga 'yan sacks na alkama da kuma karas. Serebryakovs koma Kharkov zuwa kaka. Boris a cikin wadannan watanni da ya yi aiki a matsayin wani gwani a kan hanyoyi na farko a Siberia, sa'an nan a Moscow.

Ba karbar duk wani labari daga mijinta, damu da yawa domin shi, Zinaida Serebryakov zuwa nemi shi, da barin yara mahaifiyarta. Duk da haka, bayan da taro a cikin hanyar Boris ya kamu da typhus kuma ya mutu a cikin makamai da ya auna da matarsa. Zinaida bar shi kadai tare da 4 yara da kuma tsofaffi da uwarsa a wata yunwa Kharkov. Ta aiki part-time a archaeological gidan kayan gargajiya, yin almara na prehistoric tsarin kwanyarsu da kuma kudi sayen abinci ga yara.

Ban tausayi "House of Cards"

Zanen "House of Cards" Zinaida Serebryakova aka rubuta a 'yan watanni bayan mutuwar mijinta, Boris, inda artist rayu daga hannunka zuwa bakinka tare da yara da kuma uwa a Kharkov, da kuma zama mafi ban tausayi daga gare ta ayyukansu. The sosai rubuta a zanen Serebryakov riskarsa kamar wani misãli dõmin kansa rai.

Yana da aka fentin da fenti, wanda su ne latest a wani lokaci tun duk da kudi kashe a cikinta, mutuwa da iyali daga yunwa. Rayuwa rushe kamar gidan katunan. Kuma a gaban artist ba shi da wani al'amurra a cikin m kuma na sirri rayuwa, babban abu a lokacin da aka - ajiye da kuma ciyar da 'ya'yansu.

Rayuwa a Petrograd

A Kharkov, babu kudi, ba aikin umarni ga zanen haka da artist yanke shawarar da don matsawa da iyali to Petrograd, kusa da iyali da kuma al'adu rai. Da aka gayyace ta zuwa aiki a cikin Petrograd sashen gidajen tarihi farfesa ne, a cikin Academy of Fine Arts, kuma a watan Disamba 1920, dukan iyali ya rayu a Petrograd. Duk da haka, daga koyarwa, ta ki aiki a cikin studio.

Serebryakov fentin hotuna, views na Tsarskoye Selo da Gatchina. Duk da haka, ta fatan kyautata rayuwa ba gaskiya ba ne: a arewacin babban birnin kasar shi ma yunwa, da ma wani dankalin turawa peels.

Rare abokan ciniki Zinaida taimaka wajen ciyar da kawo yara, 'yar Tania soma nazarin Choreography a Mariinsky Theater. A gidan su kullum zuwa matasa yar rawa wanda shirya kai ga artist. Saboda haka jerin rawa zane-zane da kuma qagaggun da aka halitta, wanda ya nuna matasa sylphs da yar rawa dress up for faruwa mataki a cikin play.

A 1924, ya fara Tarurrukan nuni aiki. Da dama zane-zane Zinaidy Serebryakovoy a nuni da Rasha art aka sayar a cikin Amurka. Bayan karbar kudin, ta yanke shawarar da ya bar wani lõkaci a Paris, su sami kudi domin gyaran da ya dangi.

Paris. a gudun hijira

Barin yara da su kaka a Petrograd, Serebryakov ya sauka a Paris a cikin watan Satumba 1924, duk da haka, da m rayuwa gazawa a nan: Na farko akwai namu bita, kananan umarni, kudi kulawa aikatãwa sosai kadan, da kuma wadanda ya aika zuwa Rasha iyalinsa.

A biography na artist Zinaida Serebryakova rayuwa a Paris tabbatar da wani juyo, bayan wanda ta taɓa iya komawa gida, da kuma ta biyu yara, ta gani kawai shekaru 36 daga baya, kawai kafin mutuwarsa.

The haske lokaci na rayuwarsa a Faransa - a nan ya zo a lokacin da 'yarta Kate, kuma tare suka ziyarci da kananan garuruwa na Faransa da kuma Switzerland, yin almara, shimfidar, hotuna na gida manoma (1926).

Tafiya zuwa Morocco

A 1928, bayan rubuta jerin hotuna na Belgium kasuwa, tare da kudi Zinaida da Catherine Serebryakovs tafi a kan tafiya zuwa Morocco. Buga ta da kyau na Gabas, Serebryakov sa jerin nazarin da aikin, da jawo gabashin tituna da kuma yan unguwa.

Back a Paris, ta shirya wani nuni da "Morocco" aiki, tattara wata babbar lamba na m sake dubawa, amma ba zai iya yin wani abu. Duk da abokai sun lura da impracticality da kuma rashin iyawa don sayar da aikin.

A 1932, Zinaida Serebryakova sake tafiya zuwa Morocco, yin shi a sake almara da kuma shimfidar. A lokacin wadannan shekaru, shi ya iya karya dan Alexander, wanda shi ma ya zama wani mai zane-zane. Ya aka tsunduma cikin wani ado aiki, ado ciki da kuma ƙera al'ada lampshades.

Ta biyu yara, ya isa a birnin Paris, taimake ta sami kudi ta hanyar rayayye nishadantarwa a daban-daban m kuma na ado ayyukansu.

Yara a Rasha

Biyu yara na artist Eugene kuma Tatiana, bar a Rasha tare da kakarta, sun kasance sosai matalauta da yunwa. Su Apartment ya compacted, kuma suka shagaltar daya kawai dakin, wanda ya zuwa a mai tsanani da kansa.

A shekara ta 1933, ta inna E. N. Lansere mutu, iya yin tsayayya da yunwa da naƙasa, yara zauna kansu. Su yi girma kuma sun zaba a matsayin m fasahohin: Jack ya zama wani m, kuma Tatiana - artist a cikin gidan wasan kwaikwayo. A hankali da suka ba da rayukansu, fara iyalansu, amma har shekaru da yawa mafarkin saduwa da uwarsa, kullum, sunã shiryarwa ta rubutu.

A cikin 1930s Soviet gwamnatin gayyace ta komawa gida, amma a cikin wadanda shekaru Serebryakov yi aiki a kan zaman kwamitocin a Belgium, sa'an nan yakin duniya na biyu. Bayan da yaki, ta zama da lafiya da kuma bai yi kuskure ya motsa.

Kawai a shekarar 1960, Tatyana ya iya zo Paris ganin mahaifiyarta, shekaru 36 bayan rabuwa.

Serebrya nuna a Rasha

A shekarar 1965, a lokacin da narke a cikin Tarayyar Soviet ya ɗauki kawai rayuwa sirri nuni Zinaida Serebryakova a Moscow, sa'an nan ta tafi a Kiev, da kuma Birnin Leningrad. Artist a lokacin da aka shekaru 80 da haihuwa da kuma zo domin ta kasance kasa Jihar kiwon lafiya, amma ya immensely farin ciki da za a tuna da ita a gida.

A nuni da aka gudanar da babban rabo mai girma, tunatarwata kowa da kowa daga cikin manyan manta artist wanda ya ko da yaushe aka kishin gargajiya art. Serebryakov ya iya, duk da dukan m shekara na farko da rabi na 20th c., Don samun naka style. A waɗannan shekaru a Turai mamaye impressionism, art Deco, m da sauran igiyoyin.

Ta yara, wanda ya rayu tare da ita a Faransa, ta kasance da aminci ga karshen rayuwa, tattali da ta rai da kuma taimaka wa financially. Ba su kawo ga iyalansu suka zauna tare da ita har sai ta mutuwa a shekaru 82, bayan da suka shirya ta nune-nunen.

Z. Serebryakov binne shi a 1967 a cikin hurumi na Saint Genebiebe de Bois a Paris.

A nuni a shekara ta 2017

Zinaida Serebryakova nuni a cikin Tretyakov Gallery - mafi girma a cikin shekaru 30 da shekaru (200 zane-zane da kuma zane), sadaukar da 50th tunawa da artist ta mutuwa, gudanar daga watan Afrilu zuwa karshen Yuli 2017

Previous retrospective na ta aikin da aka gudanar a shekarar 1986, an nan za'ayi wasu ayyukan, wanda ya nuna ta aiki a kasar Rasha Museum a St. Petersburg da kuma a cikin kananan zaman kansa nune-nunen.

A wannan lokaci, da curators na Faransa tushe Gidauniyar Serebriakoff tattara babban adadin aikin yi a grand nuni da cewa a lokacin bazara na shekara ta 2017 za a buga a kan 2 benaye na Engineering Corps gallery.

Retrospective ne a kan Chronology, da barin viewer ganin daban-daban m line na artist Zinaida Serebryakova, daga farkon hotuna da kuma ayyuka na rawa rawa na Mariinsky wasan kwaikwayo, wanda aka sanya a Rasha a cikin 20s. All ta zane-zane ne muhimmi emotionality da lyricism, wani m ji na rayuwa. A wani raba dakin suna aiki tare da images of ta yara.

A na gaba bene ya ƙunshi ayyukan halitta a Paris a zaman talala, daga gare su:

• Belgium bangarori, al'ada-sanya Baron de Brouwer (1937-1937), wanda a wani lokaci da aka dauke matattu a lokacin yaki.
• Morocco almara da kuma almara, rubuta a 1928 da kuma 1932.;
• hotuna na Rasha, sunã mãsu hijira, wanda aka rubuta a Paris.
• shimfidar wurare da kuma yanayin karatu a Faransa, Spain da sauransu.

afterword

All yara Zinaida Serebryakova ci gaba m hadisai da kuma zama artists da kuma gine-ginen aiki a daban-daban nau'o'i. Serebryakova ta ƙarami ya - Catherine rayu tsawon rai, bayan mutuwar mahaifiyarta, ta ke tsunduma a cikin nuni ayyuka da kuma aiki a kafuwar Gidauniyar Serebriakoff, ya rasu yana da shekaru 101 shekaru a Paris.

Zinaida Serebryakova aka kishin hadisai na gargajiya art da ya samu kansa style of zanen, da nuna farin ciki da kuma kyakkyawan fata, da bangaskiya a cikin soyayya da kuma ikon kerawa, kamawa da yawa kyau lokacin rayuwarsa da kuma yanayi.