Ƙarfe luster sulfur: Shin akwai? Jiki da kuma sinadaran Properties na sulfur

Sulfur ne 10th mafi yawan kashi a cikin sararin samaniya. Shi ne odorless, shi ne m, roba m haske rawaya. Wannan amsawa kashi, wanda a karkashin sharadi gwargwado, a hade tare da duk wasu abubuwa, sai ga gas, zinariya da platinum. Ƙarfe luster sulfur yanzu a wasu sulfur mahadi amma ba a tsarkake form. Sulfur bayyana a cikin daban-daban allotropic gyare-gyare, kowanne daga abin da ya bambanta a solubility, musamman nauyi, da crystal tsari da kuma sauran jiki constants. Lokacin da fallasa su m oxygen, konewa faruwa blue color kafa wani sulfur oxide.

Shin akwai wani ƙarfe Sheen a kan sulfur?

Sheki - shi ne ikon da wani abu to daidai da haskoki na haske. Wannan dukiya ne kai tsaye dogara a kan takamaiman sinadaran shaidu a cikin ma'adinai, da siffar da form. Ƙarfe luster sulfur ne mafi kyau a bayyane a gwada freshly cleaved surface wani misali, wanda shi shiga. A cikin halitta nau'i sulfur bayyana a cikin wani nau'i na yellowish foda. Lokacin shi ne wani ɓangare na sulfides da sulfates, za a iya samar da wata jam'i na ma'adanai, wasu daga waxanda suke da muhimmanci ores kuma wani tushen don samar da nonferrous karafa. Da karfe sulfides ne sulfur mai sheki - pyrite, stibnite, galena, chalcocite, chalcopyrite.

janar bayanai

Sulfur nasa ne da rukuni na chalcogen abubuwa, inda kuma suke oxygen, selenium, tellurium da polonium. Kalmar "chalcogen" da aka samu daga biyu Greek kalmomi ma'ana "tama-kafa." Ore ne a halitta ma'adinai da aka yi amfani a matsayin tushen ga kashi. Mutane da yawa ores ne karfe mahadi ko karfe da oxygen, da kuma sulfur. Mahadi dauke da akalla biyu abubuwa, daya daga wanda ke sulfur, kira sulfides. Alal misali, pyrite - mai ma'adinai cewa yana da wani kyakkyawan launi zinariya da kuma ƙarfe luster, shi ne baƙin ƙarfe sulfide. Ya kuma aka sani da "wawa zinariya." Jiki da kuma sinadaran halayyar Properties na sulfur da aka sani tun tsufa. Sau da yawa shi ne mai tsananin haske rawaya foda. Lokacin da shi konewa, shi samar da wani sarari blue harshen wuta kuma sai wani karfi gagarumin wari.

Sulfur: zahiri da kuma sinadaran Properties

Jiki Properties na sulfur ne halaye da cewa za a iya lura, ta hanyar da hankula. Wadannan sun hada da launi, luster, daskarewa zazzabi, narkewa da kuma tafasar maki, yawa, taurin da kuma dandano. Menene jiki halayyar Properties na sulfur? The abu yana da wani kodadde rawaya launi, m kuma odorless, mai narkewa a cikin ruwa. Yana da wani matalauci shugaba zafi da wutar lantarki. Ƙarfe luster sulfur za a iya lura kawai a takamaiman mahadi. Tafasar batu na 444,6 ° C. Bayan narkewa, da sulfur da aka tuba zuwa ga wani rawaya ruwa ruwa da samun wani brownish ya dafa da kuma zama duhu launin ruwan kasa da danko sosai taro a zazzabi na game da 190 ° C. Danko rage-rage tare da kara digiri (a kan 190 ° C) da kuma a 300 ° C sake zama ruwa sulfur.

Mene ne sinadaran Properties na sulfur?

Wannan halaye da ganewa yadda zai amsa tare da wasu abubuwa, ko a lokacin mulki daga fili zuwa wani. A mafi alhẽri mu san yanayin wannan al'amari, da mafi alheri da za mu iya fahimta da shi. Chemical Properties za a iya gani a lokacin da wani sinadaran dauki, wanda zai iya haifar da canje-canje a cikin konewa, rusting, dumama, ayukan iska mai ƙarfi, fogged, da sauransu. Known mahadi shafe sulfur: sodium sulfite, hydrogen sulfide (a mai guba gas wanda sansana kamar na banza qwai) da kuma sulfuric acid. Reactivity ne quite high, musamman a mafi girma yanayin zafi. Mai tsanani, shi reacts tare da karafa ta samar da m sulfides.

A samu na mai da muhimmanci sosai kashi

The sunan kashi da aka samu ko da a cikin Littafi Mai Tsarki littafi a kwatanta fall daga alƙaryun nan biyu da Saduma da Gwamrata, a lõkacin da suka jĩfa saukar daga sama wuta da duwatsun wuta. Ancient Greek masana falsafa yi imani da cewa duk abin da aka yi sama da hudu abubuwa: duniya, wuta, ruwa da iska. Duk da haka, akwai waɗanda suka yi aka kira biyu kawai abubuwa: sulfur da Mercury. Farkon gabascin aka sau da yawa rikita batun a matsayin abin da suke nufi da kalmar "sulfur". Ga su da shi wani al'amari cewa da aka kona da kyau da kuma exuded babban adadin hayaki. Sai da na ɗauki ƙarni na masana kimiyya ya gano abu a matsayin kashi. Sulfur wanzu a biyu allotropic siffofin (alpha da beta siffofin), tare da daban-daban jiki da kuma sinadaran Properties. sulfur sheki ne mai ingantaccen halayyar da haske juyi nuna ma'adinai abun da ke ciki a cikin abin da aka hada da. Part opaque ma'adanai suna da ikon karfi gani haske da kuma samun takamaiman ƙarfe haske.

Aukuwa a cikin yanayi

A lokacin, da sulfur adibas suna located a cikin farfajiya yadudduka na Duniya. Su za a iya sauƙi samu da kuma amfani da mutane. Yau da yawa tare da wannan shi ne mafi wuya, kamar yadda shi ne a halin yanzu da wuri na halitta sulfur tama suna located a kusa da kusanci zuwa volcanoes. The abu da aka saki daga craters a cikin nau'i na gas wanda shi ne a wani taro da sanyi iska solidifies ta samar da wata kyakkyawar rawaya adibas tare gefen da aman wuta. Manyan reserves har yanzu suna karkashin kasa da asali. Sulfur kuma an samu a cikin da dama da muhimmanci ma'adanai: barite (barium sulfate), Celestine (strontium sulphate), cinnabar (Mercury sulphide), galena (gubar sulfide), pyrite (iron sulfide), sphalerite (tutiya sulphide) da kuma stibnite (antimony sulfide).

sulfur isotopes

Akwai hudu da sauƙi abin da ke faruwa isotope na: sulfur-32, sulfur-33, sulfur-34 ko sulfur-36, bambanta da juna da su taro lambar. Wannan shi ne yawan protons da neutrons a cikin nucleus din zarra kashi. Yawan protons ma'anar da rabi, da kuma yawan neutrons a zarra na wani kashi iya bambanta. Akwai ma shida rediyoaktif isotopes cewa lalata da kuma emit wasu nau'i na radiation. Daya daga cikinsu - sulfur-35 - Ana amfani da kasuwanci dalilai. A magani, da isotope amfani don nazarin hanyar ruwaye cikin jiki. Shi ma yana da aikace-aikace a kimiyya da bincike a matsayin nuna alama.

aikace-aikace

Sulfur mun gwada kadan amfani da wani kashi. A halayyar Properties hada da takamaiman hali na sulfur a lokacin dab.

Daya daga cikin mafi muhimmanci da amfani na magani, da aiwatar da kara zuwa ga roba don yin shi da wuya. Sulfur rike roba daga narkewa a lokacin tsanani da. Wannan samu Charles Goodyear a 1839, shi ne daya daga cikin mafi girma da nasarori na zamani masana'antu.

Kamar yadda wani magani, da shi za a iya amfani da su kashe kwari. Duk da haka, mafi yawan musharaka cikin daban-daban mahadi. A mafi muhimmanci na wadannan ne sulfuric acid, mafi yawan abin da ake amfani da su sa taki.

Tartsatsi amfani da aka samu kuma a cikin masana'antun man fetur, da yi da takarda kayayyakin, aikin gona da sinadarai, robobi, roba da kuma sauran roba kayan. The m kashi ne a bangaren na biyu amino acid, cysteine da methionine. Godiya ta zuwa ga versatility, shi da ake amfani a cikin Pharmaceutical, likita da kuma bangaren masana'antu, a gaseous form abu da ake amfani da matsayin bleaching wakili, da sauran ƙarfi da disinfectant.