A Abbey na Saint-Denis: tarihi, description, photo

A Abbey na Saint-Denis sau da yawa ba a hada a cikin misali yawon shakatawa da yawon shakatawa shirin. Wannan ya faru saboda da cewa shi ne located in wani sosai disadvantaged unguwannin Paris. Amma wannan wuri ne na girma tarihi darajar, ta shakka daraja a ziyarar.

Legend halittar Abbey

Asalin sunan Saint-Denis ake dangantawa da labari na Diyonisiyas, ɗan majalisar - na farko bishop na birnin Paris da kuma majiɓinci, saint na Faransa. Kamar yadda labarin da ke, ya aka aika zuwa wannan yankin Pantifikom domin magani galliytsev Majusawa ga bangaskiyar Kirista. Ya aka kashe a Montmartre a lokacin sarautar Valerian: fille kansa. Duk da haka, jikin St. Diyonisiyas, ɗan majalisar zo zuwa kansa, ya ɗauki ta a hannunsa da strode har yanzu game da shida ko bakwai kilomita zuwa arewa maso gabashin. Bayan da ya fadi kusa da kananan shiri, wanda aka baya mai suna bayan shi: Saint-Denis. Wannan labarin ya faru a cikin m 258 AD. Har yanzu, gumaka na St. Diyonisiyas, ɗan majalisar wanda aka nuna rike da ya kai a hannunsa.

The binne wurin Diyonisiyas, ɗan majalisar na Paris, har ma fiye daidai sama kabarin, a cikin shekara 475 da aka gina da albarkar Saint Genebiebe coci na sufi na Saint-Denis. A lokacin da shi housed da Gallo-Roman hurumi. Kuma a cikin VII karni ta domin na King Dagobert farko zagaye da aka gina Abbey. Gwamnan kansa ya so da za a binne shi a nan. A Abbey aka binne shi duk Sarakunan na France: sarakuna da kuma banza, shugabanni da 'ya'yan sarakuna. Data a kan yawan mutane na mafi girma burials a daban-daban kafofin bambanta, saboda ba dukan kiyaye binne. Mutane da yawa kaburburan da aka lalata.

Gothic style daukan saiwoyinsa a nan

The coci na St Diyonisiyas, ɗan majalisar da aka kerata sau da dama: a cikin ƙarni na bakwai da halittar sufi a zamanin mulkin Pepin da Short. A XII karni Abbey ya zama sosai m da kuma iko a Faransa. Saboda haka, aka yanke shawarar ta fadada da kuma gina sabon gine-gine. Wannan babban-sikelin maimaitawa ya kaddamar da mazaunin Suger - haskaka da fice addini adadi na zamaninsa, wani matafiyi. Its nuna godiya, ya saurari shi da dama Faransa sarakuna (msl, Louis hudu da bakwai Louis).

A ra'ayin na maimaitawa ya zuwa daidai da ƙara nauyi na Faransa da kuma ta al'ada a Turai, da kuma a duniya. A yi dade fiye da shekaru goma. Mazaunin so ya ci gaba da asali look. Saboda haka a sakamakon hadawa da gine-gine da hadisai da kuma trends tashi gothic style: Alloy Burgundy da Romanesque styles. Kuma na farko gini gina a cikin Gothic style, shi ne Abbey coci na Saint-Denis.

Suger, da m halittar high-akwai gilashi windows depicting labarai daga Littafi Mai Tsarki, "akwai gilashi tashi" sama ƙofar, ya zama kayan ado na Abbey. Church of Saint-Denis ci gaba da za a mayar da, da kuma bayan mutuwar mazaunin Suger. A baya ƙarni, shi ne ko da yaushe wani abu ya canja, saboda haka wannan rana ado na zamanai ya zo ne kawai a sashi ba.

Kabarin sarakunan Faransa

A XIII karni, Louis IX, da umarnin da canja wurin da dukkan hakkokin da su binne ya wadanada zuwa karkarar da Abbey. The coci suka kuma zama a matsayin kabarin sarakunan Faransa.

A tombstones daga daban-daban lokaci za a iya sa ido kamar yadda canza da kuma raya funerary art a daban-daban ƙarni. Sashe na daga cikin slabs da Monuments qawata da mutummutumai da Figures na barci sarakuna (wannan shi ne hali na goma sha biyu karni), da Renaissance tombstones ado da qagaggun riga tare da begen tashin matattu.

A Abbey na Saint-Denis a cikin kwanaki na juyin juya halin a Faransa

Shekara ɗari War, Huguenot yaki sa muhimmanci lalacewar gine na Abbey, amma makabarta sha wahala mafi yawa a lokacin da Faransa juyin juya halin. Tokar autocrat aka jefar cikin wani rami da aka binne, babban adadin da aka adana a kan ƙasa da ayyukan art da aka cire ko rasa.

An ce cewa yunkuri sa a kan nuni jikin sarki Louis na huxu. Domin wani lokaci, kowa zai iya zo har da take a look at ragowar. Wasu daga cikin gawarwakin da aka yanyanke, spaced gida necrophilia kuma ko da sayar.

Wannan baki page na tarihi na Abbey na Saint-Denis kusan kan. A babban coci da aka za a rushe ta domin na majalisar dokokin kasar, amma a karshe lokacin da aka soke.

A 1814, hauhawar a "taro kaburbura" sarakunan gargajiyar da aka dug sama, tattara a cikin wani crypt a assuary. Kuma a cikin 1869, da kanta da Basilica Abbey na Saint-Denis aka mayar da wani gagarumin Faransa m Viollet-le-Duc, wanda ya mayar ba daya mai tunawa. Ya yi wahala, misali, babban coci da Notre Dame-du Mont-Saint-Michel da sauransu. A XVII karni Saint-Denis ya sake aiki a matsayin kabari ga kambi.

Binne bikin na King

A XVII karni, bisa ga Faransa doka ka'idar, sarki dole ne m. An karfi da jaddada ta a manyan yawan binne ibada. A monarch da wani dual jigon: da mutum da wanda Ubangiji ya keɓe. Alal misali, jana'izar Sarkin Henry na hudu dade har kwana arba'in. A cikunna daga cikin monarch aka cire bayan mutuwa da kuma binne shi a Abbey na Saint-Denis Shi kaɗai, kuma ba tare da bikin. A tsarkakakkiyar zuciya, nace a kan barasa da folds, shafa da ganye a cikin wani zane jakar, sa'an nan a cikin wani gubar akwatin, wanda aka sanya riga a cikin azurfa akwatin. Kowace jiha zukata aka adana a wurare daban-daban. Su a haɗe musamman muhimmancin, tun da shi ne zuciya, suna da rooting for Faransa. The jiki ne embalmed, rufe dabam. Haka kuma an yi na bambaro effigy sarki, duk da haka, babu wani daga cikinsu ba su tsira bayan Faransa juyin juya halin. Effigy na Henry IV kamantuwa da musamman rituals rayu rayuwa sarki kamar yadda kwanaki 10.

A Saint-Denis, duk da sarauta regalia tare embalmed jiki har karshe lokacin: wata ãyã sabawa phrases kursiyin miƙa mulki ga sabon hannu.

The King ne matattu ... Ran sarki ya daɗe!

Bayan wannan jumlar regalia sarki maza maza su bi a Reims ga sa kambi.

Ma'ana Saint Denis

An fara daga XI-XII qarni Abbey da babban nauyi a Faransa ba kawai binne wadanada, amma kuma horar da mãsu mayẽwa aka lashe sarauniya. Abbey na Saint-Denis ya jagoranci ilimi ayyuka a tsakiyar zamanai, da sufaye tsunduma a sadaka: akwai wani asibiti, reno gida da kuma marayu.

Basilica Abbey yana da gine-gine da muhimmanci: shi ne tushen ci gaban da Gothic style, shi an haifi akwai gilashi art.

Necropolis na Saint-Denis, France, ya nuna ci gaban da funerary kuma bikin ne na musamman da abin tunawa, dutsen kabari qazanta 51.

A shekara ta 2004 a nan shi aka binne zuciya na Louis XVII, dan Marii Antuanetty, wanda, ko da yake ba da dokoki, amma ya aka gane a matsayin sarki da yawa kasashen Turai da kuma a Amurka.

Yadda za a samu ga Abbey

By da Basilica za ka sha uku line na Paris Metro. Tsaida kira Basilique St Denis a cikin shugabanci na m shuka.

Zaka kuma iya amfani da wani high-gudun jirgin kasa (Paris ne acronym RER), line D, tashar ake kira: Saint Denis.

The aiki yanayin na Basilica

A prialtarnuyu ɓangare na coci za a iya isa ga free. Daga nan za ka iya ganin binne ta hanyar da sanduna. Basilica na bude ga baƙi kusan a kowace rana, sai dai idan akwai jana'izar ko bikin aure. Ƙofar necropolis na cajin, shi ne a gefen dama na Cathedral of Saint-Denis. Photo cikin haram.

Babu aukuwa a cikin tarihin na Faransa ba su iya hallakar da binnewa daga cikin manyan Sarakunan, wani abin tunawa daga Faransa al'adu, shaida da canji na sau da al'adu. A baƙo ne tabbatar da samar da m Gothic babban coci arches, akwai gilashi virtuoso da sosai daban-daban zamanin style tombstones daga Dark Ages wahayi zuwa gare su da bege a tashin matattu da kuma rai madawwami daga cikin Monuments na Renaissance.