A ciki tsarin da mutum. A tsarin da kayan ciki

Man shi ne mafi hadaddun rayayyun kwayoyin. Ya Gabar tsarin da ake wuya tsarin da kuma gyara domin rayuwa a cikin ƙasa. Kwakwalwa, kuma dukan juyayi tsarin ba da damar mutum ya kimanta bayanai game da yanayi rayuwa a cikin abin da aka saba. All sauran tsarin ne alhakin m ayyuka da kuma motsi da cewa shi ne muhimmi a cikin wani dabba.

A kimiyya m

A kimiyya da cewa karatu da morphological fasali na jikin mutum tsarin, da ake kira ilmin jikin mutum. Yana Highlights da ciki tsarin da mutum da kuma na waje, da dokokin general jikuna da jiki sassa na sigogi a ci gaba da tayi haila. Pathological haltta - shugabanci na filin na ilimi cewa karatu da tsarin da anomalous halitta na jiki. Duka wadannan sciences ne da muhimmanci sosai ga ilmin halitta da kuma m magani.

Abin lura shi ne cewa daya daga cikin hanyoyin da ke nazarin ilmin jikin mutum sashin jiki tsarin lokacin bangaranci binciken. Irin ayyuka suna gane kawai na karshe 150 shekaru, tun kafin lokacin bude mutane wuya aikata da kuma dauke da wani laifi. Yanzu autopsy marigayin ne a dole bangaren na ci gaba da kiwon lafiya kimiyya. Wannan ba ka damar inganta bincike da warkewa dabaru.

Na biyu kimiyya, samar da wani arziki na bayanai game da tsarin mutum gabobin ne histology. Yana da karatunsa da ciki tsarin da mutum a micro matakin, da ke ƙarƙashin hange. Cytology da immunochemistry ne hanyoyin domin karatu Kwayoyin.

ilimin halittar jiki faye hali

A ciki tsarin da jikin mutum yana da yawa kamance da haltta na aji na dabbobi masu shayarwa. Wannan shi ne saboda gaskiyar cewa daga cikin ra'ayi ka'idar juyin halitta, da mutum - dabba mai shayarwa. Ya ci gaba a layi daya tare da sauran membobin wannan aji, kuma yana da kama don su a cikin jiki tsari da kuma wani salon salula tsarin. Bugu da kari, ko da a kayyade matakin, mutane da sauran dabbobi masu shayarwa suna kama.

A general shawara na jiki

A haltta na waje da kuma na ciki tsarin da mutum ba ya tsaya a waje a daban-daban kwatance. Akwai kawai anthropometry da kuma rukunan ciki gabobin, jijiyoyi, jini, jijiyoyin, tsokoki da kuma kasusuwa. A fata tsarin da aka gani a histology da ilimin tsarin jijiyoyi. The sosai tsarin da mutum makirci na sauki da kuma sauki wasa.

Ainihin naúrar na kwayar halitta mai rai a cikin jiki ne. jari na sel tare da wannan aiki da kuma tsarin da aka kira nama. Da dama kyallen takarda samar da gabobin, wanda ake hada a cikin tsarin. Domin jiki ya kamata a bayar a matsayin jiki tsarin, wanda ayyuka masu daidaita.

mutum sashin jiki da tsarin

Sai suka samar da wani jiki da kuma ke da alhakin m ayyuka na jiki. Bi da bi, gabobin kunshi tsokoki, da kyallen takarda - daga wannan irin Kwayoyin. Cikinsa da jiki ne hada da wadannan tsarin:

• musculoskeletal.
• narkewa kamar;
• numfashi.
• m.
• zuciya da jijiyoyin jini.
• urinary.
• jima'i.
• sutura.
• endocrine.

By nazarin ciki tsarin da jikin mutum, ba shi yiwuwa a ware firamare da sakandare tsarin. Dukansu suna da muhimmanci a kansu hanya, da kuma, aiki tare, don samar da muhimmanci ayyuka na dukan kwayoyin.

A tsarin da musculoskeletal tsarin

Wannan tsarin na jikin alhakin motsi da kuma rike hali. Ya ƙunshi wani kwarangwal, jijiyoyin da gidajen abinci, tsokoki. Kashi - wani hadadden Gabar kunsha na Organic abubuwa (proteins), kuma inorganic (hydroxyapatite). Yana da wani rai halitta na jiki, ikon matsawa da kansa. Connection ƙasũsuwa hadu jijiyoyin da kuma gidajen abinci. Har ila yau, wasu daga cikinsu za a iya haɗa a sakamakon cikakken fe. An misali ne Fusion na pelvic kashi (pubic, ischial da iliac). Irin wannan hanya da aka sani fili kashi synostosis.

Active jiki musculoskeletal tsarin ne mai tsoka. Yana yana da wani fibrous tsarin. A tsoka aka rufe da fascia da jijiya a haɗe zuwa kashi. Its rage gudãnar da ƙasũsuwa da alaka a gidajen abinci. Wadannan canje-canje a cikin kashi guzuri ba da damar jiki don matsawa. A wannan yanayin na motsi sakonni ana aika zuwa kwakwalwa da kuma jijiyoyi ya tsokoki.

alimentary tsarin

Wannan shi ne daya daga cikin mafi rikitarwa, wanda ya hada da wani iri-iri na gabobin. Sun kasu kashi parenchymal (hanta, da dai sauransu) da kuma m (duka hanji tube). A gaba dayan tsarin kunshi wani bakinka tare da jikinsu (hakora, da harshenka, salivary gland), pharynx, esophagus, ciki, kananan da kuma babban hanji da kuma narkewa kamar gland.

The baka rami ne farkon na narkewa kamar fili. Wannan shi ne wani m jiki abin da hidima kama abinci, kuma ta nika hakora, kazalika da wa rigar da yau. Pharynx kuma esophagus - a conductive hanya ga partially sarrafa abinci, abin da ya kamata na farko samu a cikin ciki.

A ciki, da ake shirya don cikakken hutu saukar da abinci, wanda ya kamata faruwa a cikin hanjinsu. Yana farawa 12-duodenum, jejunum da ileum ci gaba da kuma ƙare da manyan hanji. The 12-duodenum abinci ya kamata cikakken sarrafa ta enzymes, da kuma ramammu duk gina jiki dole ne za a tunawa. A cikin manyan hanji samun kawai da wani ɓangare na abinci da cewa wani mutum ba zai iya nike saboda wani rashin narkewa kamar enzymes.

A muhimmiyar rawa a cikin narkewa suna wasa da hanta da kuma pancreas. A karshen allocates enzymes for tsakiyan nonon carbohydrate da kuma gina jiki abinci, alhãli kuwa da hanta ake bukata domin tukar tumbi da bile acid m karbi matakai emulsification na fats da kuma kunna pancreatic enzymes.

Bayan kammala sha na abinci aka gyara abinci motsa zuwa manyan hanji. Ga akwai wani tilas microflora zama dole ga tsakiyan nonon na cellulose, kuma pectin. Daga cikin wadannan abubuwa, kwayoyin haduwa bitamin. A ciwon, suna tunawa tare da ruwa (ruwa mai narkewa) ko kai tsaye shiga ta cikin hanji bango (liposoluble). Ya ƙare tare da narkewa kamar tsarin da dubura, ta hanyar abin da cire duk saurã daga undigested abinci.

Numfashi da kuma zuciya da jijiyoyin jini tsarin

A ciki tsarin da mutum, wanda makirci ne da aka nuna kyallen takarda, gabobin da kuma sashin jiki tsarin, ba zai iya tsira ba tare da jini wurare dabam dabam da kuma numfasawa. Wadannan biyu tsarin ne juna. Saboda suka kamata a yi la'akari tare.

Tsarin Numfashi kafa ta m jikinsu: da airway (hanci kogo, nasopharynx, oropharynx, makogwaro, tracheobronchial itace) da kuma haske. Kowane huhu da aka kewaye da pleura.

The ayyuka na numfashi tsarin ne jini oxygenation da carbon dioxide kau. Har ila yau, sassa daban daban na numfashi fili taka wata rawa Tallafa: Warming kuma humidifying da wadata da iska. Lokacin da wannan haske ne kuma da hannu a cikin tsari na acid-tushe ma'auni jini (saboda kau da carbon dioxide).

Zuciya da jijiyoyin jini tsarin aikin sufuri aiki, haihuwa related to haemoglobin oxygen zuwa kyallen takarda. Tare da shi kuma ya zo na gina jiki: amino acid, m acid, glucose. Zuciya da jijiyoyin jini tsarin wakilta zuciya, jijiyoyi, arterioles, capillaries, venules, veins, lymphatic tasoshin da kuma nodes.

Juyayi da kuma endocrine tsarin

A juyayi tsarin taka rawar da kayyadewa na jiki ta ayyuka. A ciki tsarin da mutum wanda photo bada bayyananne ra'ayin game da tsarin na jikin mu, ba za a iya rabu da na tsarin jijiya da kuma humoral tsarin. Su ne kamar yadda muhimmanci kamar sauran. A juyayi tsarin kunshi da kwakwalwa da kuma laka, da jijiyoyi, da jijiya endings. Wadannan Tsarin ke da alhakin kusan dukkan ayyuka, bada "umarni" zuwa wasu sashin jiki tsarin.

A tsarin endocrine kuma taka rawar da kayyadewa ayyuka da kuma nazarin halittu tafiyar matakai. Shi ne ke da alhakin girma, haifuwa, metabolism. A tsari na wadannan matakai ne saboda a saki na ba ji ba gani. A duka endocrine tsarin kunshi raba gland, iko ayyuka suna da za'ayi pituitary. Yana secretes vasopressin, oxytocin, Tropic hormones da kuma sakewa dalilai. Vasopressin shirya adadin ruwa a jiki, da kuma oxytocin - igiyar ciki contractions a lokacin aiki.

Tropic pituitary hormones ne sakonni ga sauran endocrine gland (thyroid da adrenal gland). Sakewa dalilai - abubuwa da ake kayyade ta hypothalamus. A karshen ne a kwakwalwa tsarin.

Urinary da kuma haihuwa tsarin

A urinary tsarin kunshi kodan a cikin urinary fili (ureter, mafitsara, mafitsara). A maza, shi ne inextricably nasaba da jima'i gabobin (testes, spermatic igiyar, da seminal vesicles, prostate). A mata, aiki na biyu da tsarin yana da m kamance. Jikinsu mafitsara ba a haɗa zuwa haihuwa tsarin, bayar da mahaifa, kwai, farji da kuma labia.

Ovaries a mace, kuma testes na maza - a gland shine yake cewa suna da iri biyu mugunya: exocrine da ciki. Wannan gland shine yake secretions gauraye, da hannu a cikin samuwar jima'i Kwayoyin da kuma tsari na haihuwa tsarin ayyuka. A wannan yanayin, da tsarin da kayan ciki, photos da Charts cewa suna kunshe a cikin wannan ɗaba'ar ne batun da ka'idodinta jima'i dimorphism. Kila ne daban-daban a cikin maza da mata, ko da yake akwai wasu kamance.

shafi tsarin

A ciki tsarin da jikin mutum shi ne a sa na gabobin, wanda suke zurfi fiye da fata. Karshen rufe jiki daga waje, kuma shirya zazzabi kare da waje tareda žata abubuwan nazarin halittu, da kuma sinadaran inji yanayi. Fata kammala cikakke ilimin Halittar Jiki image na jikin mutum.

Zane na halitta na jiki da kuma ta aiki

A tsarin da kayan ciki, da hotuna da kuma zane-zane na wanda aka dauke a cikin litattafan na Anatomy, dauke a matsayin sa na Kwayoyin garwaya a cikin nama. Recent da kuma siffar gabobin. Bugu da kari, kowane daga cikinsu a cikin nasu hanyar taka rawa a cikin rayuwa. Duk da yake yana da muhimmanci cewa duk sashin jiki tsarin ne juna. Alal misali, locomotor motsi, da kuma shi ne alhakin rike da hali a sarari. Duk da haka, shi ne powered ta hanyar da jijiyoyin bugun gini tsarin, da kariya - saboda immunological matakai, da kuma saita a tashin tsokoki ne jijiyar.

Ganin dukan tsarin adam, mata kayan ciki, misali, ko maza, wani mai bincike zai sami da yawa dangantaka. A mafi muhimmanci na wadannan ne tsari na numfashi aiki, jini wurare dabam dabam da kuma narkewa da juyayi tsarin. A gaban na numfashi cibiyar kwakwalwa ba ka damar da kansa daidaita da numfashi da kuma bugun zuciya.

Bugu da kari, da endocrine gland shafi cardiac aiki da adrenaline da noradrenaline. Kuma kawai a kan wannan manufa tsari ciki tsarin da mutum. Hotuna da zane-zane na wasu gabobin suna kewaye a sassan thematic na ɗaba'ar.