Mene ne mulkin na yan zanga-zanga?

"Yan zanga-zanga mulki" - wani lokaci Magana game da ikon da jama'a. Domin da farko lokacin da wannan ra'ayi ya bayyana da hankali balaga a falsafar zamanin tsohuwar Girka. Kalmar "yan zanga-zanga mulki" da aka alaka da darajar da kalmar "dimokuradiyya."

Ochlocracy - "kuskure dimokuradiyya"

Don kadan don bayyana halin da ake ciki, za mu juya ga ideas na Plato. Bisa ga ka'idar, akwai uku siffofin gwamnati:

• da daular mulkinsu.
• aristocracy.
• dimokuradiyya.

Yau, kowane schoolchild sani cewa a mafi ãdalci jama'a ne a mulkin demokra] nau'i na gwamnati, amma mafi kyau zukatan tsufa da wani dan kadan daban-daban ra'ayi.

Gwamnatin form tun tsufa

A zamani ka'idar jihar da kuma dokar daular mulkinsu kasu kashi tsarin mulki, cikakkar, da sauransu. D. Amma a zamanin da shi ya kasu kashi istinbadi (a kai sarki) da kuma karkashin jagorancin wani tashin hankali, mai tĩlastãwa. Kalmar "zaluncin" Saboda haka ya tashi. Abin da, a gaskiya, m ga fahimtar absolutism.

Aristocracy - shi ne ikon da 'yan. Gaskiya aristocracy - mai mulkin mafi kyau mutane. Kuma, bisa ga Mafi mãsu hukunci kyãwon da haske na tsufa, ta ne "daidai" nau'i na gwamnati, wadda take kaiwa zuwa nasarar al'umma. Wani nau'i - wani oligarchy, ko da ikon daga cikin mafi munin.

Kuma a karshe, dimokuradiyya kasu kashi dokar da kuma aika mugunta. A karshen da aka kira "ochlocracy", ko tashin hankali, demagogic iko. Yana ochlocracy yau - da ikon taro. A zamanin da - shi ne wani nau'i na gwamnati. Ko da yake nan, kamar yadda a yau, ajalin da wani mummunan kima.

Aristotle game da yan zanga-zanga mulki

A cewar Aristotle, ochlocracy - ba kawai da ikon jama'a, kuma shi ne muguwar bayyanuwar gaskiya dimokuradiyya.

Zurfin tunani na samar da kankare misalai daga tarihi a lokacin da ikon jama'a, ko, kamar yadda ya kira shi, "yawanci baki," yana da wani mummunan tasiri a kan tattalin arziki da siyasa halin da ake ciki na siyasa. A darasi ne mulkin Pericles a Athens. Modern littattafan tarihi da ƙarfi kira wannan lokaci da flowering na dimokuradiyya. Amma da cleverest mutane daga cikin lokaci da wani daban-daban view. By cire "mafi kyau" mutane (a zamani fassarar "kwararru"), "yawanci baki" da aka gudanar da mulki a kasar. Wa daidai yake da alhakin abin da - a zabi yawa.

A sakamakon wani juna: wani cikakken rushewar tattalin arziki da siyasa ci gaba, da flowering na zãlunci da ƙẽtare despotism. A sakamakon daya - da ikon jama'a, ko ochlocracy a matsayin mafi girman magana da dimokuradiyya ne detrimental zuwa jama'a a matsayin dukan.

Misalan "hallakaswa na dimokuradiyya"

Fahimci tsoho kimiyya a matsayin yiwu. Just tunanin ga wani lokacin cewa duk matsayi a cikin al'umma ana kasaftawa ta hanyar mai yawa. Alal misali, wani mutum wanda duk rayuwarsa an gyara motoci ba zato ba tsammani ya zama babban darektan aikin gona Holdings da hatsari. Ba shi da wuya a tsammani cewa yiwuwar samun lalata ci gaban tattalin arziki na masana'antun sosai high. Yanzu na gane dalilin da tsoho malaman yi imani da cewa dimokuradiyya a cikin mafi munin zama ochlocracy - bari mu tuna, shi ne ajalin denoting ikon da jama'a, ko, a cikin zamani parlance, laymen management.

Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa aristocracy, a ra'ayi, shi ne mafi kyau nau'i na gwamnati, a matsayin shugaban tsayawar fasaha, kwararru da suka sani su kasuwanci. A ãdalci, da yawa za su iya buga a yawan lokuta inda iyaye ne nasara bayan mutuwar miliyoyin daloli bar kamfanin da 'ya'yansa. Kawai 'yan sun ci gaba da aiki nagari. Sauran, kamar yadda mai mulkin, hasãra, ko sayar da wadannan kasuwanci saboda rashin kwarewa, rashin iyawa don sarrafa.

Misalan yan zanga-zanga mulki a Rasha

Abin baƙin ciki, da darussa na tarihi sukan manta. Bari mu tuna da juyin juya halin Musulunci events a Rasha, a lokacin da ikon jama'a dauki a kan a 1917. Army ya m ga mataki, da tattalin arzikin ya fara fada baya, akwai wani yunwa, wanda yana da kõme ba yi da kudin da yakin duniya na farko. Rushewar zo a lokacin da mutane ba su sani ba shika-shikan management, da mallaka na jihar ikon, suna a shugaban kasar.

Abin da a yau shi ne ikon da jama'a? Yana ochlocracy, wanda daukawa mai zurfi ma'ana. A zamani rayuwar siyasa shi ne bayyana a cikin nau'i na rikicin. A lokacin juyin juya hali, yakin basasa, a sau na tsaka gwamnatoci. Haka kuma, ochlocracy yau kamar yadda aka yi a zamanin da, shi ne korau.

Ãyõyin zamani ohlokratii

• Canzawa na siyasa unpredictability, impulsiveness siyasa yanke shawara, populism, utopian ideas.
• A kaifi tattalin arzikin. Period na rashin zaman lafiya scares kashe babban birnin kasar da kuma masu zuba jari. Tsohon masana'antu Enterprises, yawanci rufe, da kuma 'yan kasuwa suna jira ne mafi sau da neman karin zaman lafiya kasar.
• A kaifi Yunƙurin a aikata laifi. Akwai ma wani babban-sikelin ayyukan soji, ko yakin basasa. Rashin tsari ko da yaushe take kaiwa zuwa tashin hankali, talauci.

• Short lokacin zama. Mutane sun gaji da shi, don haka kwanakin rashin tsari da danniya, kamar yadda mai mulkin, sosai da sauri zo ga ƙarshe da bukatunsu na tarihin 'yan adam. Hakika, za ka iya tuna fama da doguwar rikici a lokacin da shekara ɗari War, a lokacin da zubar da jini dade fiye da shekara ɗari. Amma yana da wani dan kadan daban-daban misali cewa ya nuna hali na lokaci maimakon rikicin siyasa a Turai.
• Bugu da kari ga juyin juya halin na 1917 , mu kasa da aka alama wadannan abubuwan. Alal misali, wannan ya auku a lokacin Lokaci na matsaloli a farkon 17th karni. Social fashewa da kuma ikon da jama'a kai ga cewa kusan shekaru 15, kasar da aka shiga cikin rudani na yaƙe-yaƙe da kuma juyin juya hali.

dalilan ohlokratii

Yan zanga-zanga mulki - shi ne ba kawai wata halitta sabon abu, wanda ya bayyana ba zato ba tsammani, kamar aradu daga bayyananne sama. Bayyanuwar yan zanga-zanga mulki ake dangantawa da yawa dalilai. Sau da yawa sosai da shi ya auku a cikin rikicin siyasa na halin yanzu gwamnati. Mutane kawai ba su yi ĩmãni da shi, kuma daukar iko a hannunsu. Wasu yanke ƙauna, wasu suna kokarin cire nan da nan amfanin. Amma sakamakon ne ko da yaushe guda - tabarbarewar siyasa, tattalin arziki da kuma rayuwar al'umma na jihar.

Ochlocracy bayan rushewar tarayyar

Irin wannan za a iya lura a Rasha bayan rushewar Tarayyar Soviet. Bisa ga ƙa'ida ochlocracy ya kamata ya bayyana a lokaci daya, a farko bayan shekara rushewar matsayin gaba daya rushe dukan tsarin siyasa a kasar, da kuma a wurinsa zo da wani ba. Amma dole ne mu biya haraji to da karfi shugaban siyasa a lokacin - B. N. Eltsinu. Lalle ne, mutane a yau magana barnatar game da shi. da yawa kuskure aka yi bayan haka. Amma gaskiyar cewa kasar ba mired a yakin, Inter-kabilu yaki a kan dukan ƙasar Rasha, amma misãlansa.

Ganin wani karfi shugaban a farkon 90-ies karni na karshe, da yawa watsi da ra'ayin wani bude adawa da Moscow. Amma da m ayyuka na gwamnatin, da hauhawar farashin kaya, m sayar da kamfanonin, rashin karfi jami'an tsaron suka kai ga rashin tsari. Kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, da ikon taron ya yi kira ochlocracy. Yana da wannan ra'ayi sosai a fili bayyana a lokacin.

The bayãnin hukuncin fasali na yan zanga-zanga mulki a Rasha

A wadannan za a iya gano:

• An karuwa a aikata laifi, yin laifi. A cikin rashi na siyasance da kuma a Jihar rashin tsari maye gurbin da laifi, da haraji levies, kuma dukan tattalin arzikin. Mutane ba su ji tsoro su motsa daga haraji hukumomi, amma suna da gaske ji tsoro ba biya ake kira rufin laifi. Civic alhakin, tabbatar da adalci, kadan damu game da harkokin kasuwanci, a wannan lokaci. Amma ba za su iya fahimta. Lokacin da cin hanci da rashawa ba a ko da boye a lokacin da mutane ba su yi imani da cewa kudi da ke cikin taskar, sa'an nan, ba shakka, cewa irin ikon, 'yan imani.
• Babu pensions, albashi a gwamnati, da jin dadin jama'a amfanin. Ba shi da wuya a tsammani abin da wannan take nufi. Mutane tsira kamar yadda mafi kyau su iya.
• Kula a cikin doka kasuwanci filin. A cikin rashi na yin amfani kasafin kudi da kuma tilasta doka da jikinsu da kuma bude farfaganda na cin hanci da rashawa a cikin wannan ya kasance ba abin mamaki ba.
• Lynchings da kuma "dismantling". Hakika, 'yan mutane ĩmãni da shari'a cikin adalci. Kowane hukunci, bisa ga ma'ana na ãdalci. Wannan sau da yawa take kaiwa zuwa wani sarkar dauki da kuma shafe tsawon gida wars tsakanin 'yan ƙasa a kan tushen da soja dimokuradiyya "ido ga wani ido, haƙori sabõda hakori."

A taron a matsayin qananan bayyanuwar yan zanga-zanga mulki

Matsalar shi ne cewa an uncontrolled taron yana da wani musamman manufa. Ta ko da yaushe maras wata-wata. Yana yana da wani bayyanannen tsare-tsaren. Abin da zai mataki na gaba da za a yanke shawarar minutely. Gaskiyar cewa ikon taron da aka kira rashin tsari, sosai da aka sani siyasa strategists. Bayyanuwar yan zanga-zanga mulki a kananan sikelin za a iya lura a lokacin da maras wata-wata ayyuka na kwallon kafa Fans, misali, kazalika a cikin tsawon m pickets da kuma zanga-zangar. Akwai ma wani na musamman Kalmar "provocateurs a cikin taron jama'a." Waɗannan su ne mutanen da suka ji "dumama" taron da za a iya yadda ya kamata aika shi zuwa ga m hanya.

Similar mamaki an lura a siyasa rallies a kan Bolotnaya Square a Moscow. Amma ministan cikin gidan kasar san a gaba game da wadannan provocateurs kuma a lokacin da za a toshe su. Fans iya tunawa da kisan kiyashin a shekarar 2002 a birnin Moscow, a lokacin da, bayan da shan kashi na kwallon kafa tawagar na Rasha, dubban jama'a suka tafi fasa, kuma ya halaka dukan abin da a cikin hanyar. Yau an san cewa daga cikinsu akwai ma na musamman provocateurs wanda ya shirya irin wannan Maris.

Saboda haka, a takaice: ikon taron ya yi kira ochlocracy, amma a gaskiya shi ne mai matukar m da multifaceted ra'ayi.