A datti hanya. hanyoyi na Rasha

da yawa jihar dalilai dogara ne a kan mataki na ci gaba da hanya cibiyar sadarwa, irin su ci gaba na kasar, ta tsaron iyawa, da kuma more. Abin baƙin ciki, da Rasha karauka kawai unpredictable, ya kamata a cire kashe hanya, da kuma shugaban da outback kamar yadda zai yiwu a fuskanci sabon abu na datti hanya.

Tsakanin al'umomi irin hanyoyi alama ya zama available, amma yin amfani da su ne kusan ba zai yiwu. A kan irin wannan primers wani lokacin akwai manyan rami, babbar potholes, bumps m, kazalika da yawa daga turɓãya tashi daga ƙarƙashin ƙafafun da mota a duk inda. Ko da yake ana gyara hanyoyi a Rasha ne da za'ayi a kowace shekara, ba shi yiwuwa su cikakken tsayayya da hallakaswa abubuwan da hallaka hanya surface. Saboda haka, Rasha jama'a su sani a gaba abin da za su haɗu da a kan Rasha karauka.

Tarihi hanyoyi

A zama na tara karni, a lokacin da zamanin d Rasha jihar da aka ɗauki cikinsa a matsayin hanyoyi sun koguna, don haka masu rinjaye na ƙauyuka da aka gina a kan su bankuna. A lokacin rani, da suka iyo a cikin ruwa, da kuma a cikin hunturu sleigh koma kan.

Sa'an nan, a lokacin da a cikin karni na sha biyar, da kafa guda Karkasa jihar, ta ikon fara tunani game da samar da Yamskoy adireshin. Kamar haka suka fara samar da hanyoyi na Rasha, da kuma hãlãyensu ya zama alhakin musamman sanya wa wannan hukuma.

A zamanin mulkin Catherine II hanya hali muka fara, don hašawa musamman muhimmancin zuwa kasa muhimmancin. A ta domin na haihuwa hanyoyi sun haifar da kyau kwarai yanayin, kuma a kowane gundumar musamman tawagar da aka taru, wanda aiki da shi ya tsaro a cikin aminci daga cikin zirga-zirga sanarwa.

A cikin karni na sha tara ya fara ci gaban dogo da sufuri, da hanyoyi, da ƙura kuma hanyoyi zama kasa gagarumin ga jihar. Amma a cikin karni na ashirin, godiya ga m ci gaba na masana'antu da kuma fitowan na farko mota, da hukumomi da 'hali ga hanya cibiyar sadarwa ya canza muhimmanci. Kamar yadda babu dace kudade, da ingancin Rasha hanyoyi zauna a cikin wani deplorable jihar.

A manyan shirin na gyara da kuma gina babbar hanyar mota da aka shirya domin forties na karni na 20th, amma irin wannan grandiose da tsare-tsaren hana yakin duniya na biyu. Bayan da yãƙi, an gano cewa, ya hallaka fiye da casa'in kilomita dubu hanyoyi, don haka akwai wata tambaya game da yadda za a mayar da tsohon hanyoyi, ba gina sababbi.

Sa'an nan da gina m taki ci gaba a cikin seventies, amma, da rashin alheri, har yanzu da yawa yankin cibiyoyin ba a da alaka da yankin birane sharewa.

A yanzu lokaci, ko da yake da jihar na hanyoyi da kuma shi ne mafi alheri, duk da haka, bisa ga masana, jimlar tsawon daga cikin mota hanya cibiyar sadarwa ba ya isa da matakin na miliyan 1.5 kilomita, wanda zai iya saduwa zamantakewa da tattalin arziki da bukatun na jihar.

Rarrabuwa da kuma category

Carriageways a Rasha, kamar yadda, a ka'ida, kuma a wata kasa, daban-daban ingancin da hanya surface da kuma tsawon, sai da hanyoyi ake bi azuzuwan:

• Babbar hanyar mota (shafi na farko category, yana da hudu hanyoyi, matsakaicin abin hawa gudun 130-150 km / h).

• al'ada hanya (al'amarin na daban-daban Categories kuma daban-daban lambobin da ratsi, matsakaicin yunkuri na na'ura a wani hanya sashe ba fiye da 100 km / h).

• Speedway.

A atlases da kuma maps of irin wannan rarrabuwa ne kusan ba zai yiwu a sami, don haka shi ne mafi sani da alama, kunsha na haruffa da lambobi. Drive harafi sa bayyana shi ga wanda hanya da direba yana yi:

• E - data bayar da kwatance hanyoyi ne wani ɓangare daga cikin sauran Turai hanya posts, ya zo daidai da wasu sassan na tarayya karauka.

• AN - yana nufin cewa babbar hanya nasa ne da Asian hanyoyi.

• M - shi ne tarayya hanya jijiya a haɗa tsakanin manyan yankuna cibiyoyin da kuma birane.

• P - hanyõyi, waxanda suke da juna ƙauyuka administrative dabi'u.

• Kuma - shi carriageways na shiyya muhimmancin wanda ba su da nasu kai tsaye hanya zuwa Rasha babban birnin kasar.

• K - wasu hanyõyi, yafi a cikin ƙasa hanya ko wani share fage.

• N - gida ko Inter-birni hanya sadarwa.

Hakika, yana da mafi kyau ga gina your hanya ga hanyõyi daga cikin mafi girma category, ko da yake wani lokacin ya ke ƙara, amma mafi aminci kuma mafi dadi.

Mene ne wani datti hanya?

Wadannan su ne carriageways, kunsha na musamman na halitta da kuma halitta kayan: yashi, lãka, stony gona, Turf da yawa wasu irin wannan filaye. Datti hanya a kan halaye da kaddarorin alaka da biyar category kuma yana da wani m surface.

A lokacin damina yanayin da snowmelt, irin hanyoyi ne gaba daya m ga yin amfani da wata mota a kan shi tabbas ne ba su iya tafiya. Shi ne safest to amfani da su a cikin na farko sanyi, a lokacin da babu wani karin snow, ko a lokacin rani.

A datti hanya ne da wadannan iri:

• inganta (alama a kan taswira tare da biyu a layi daya Lines yellow).

• filin da gandun daji (a cikin atalas yana da wani nau'i na karye line).

• Kasar Road (map da aka nuna da m sanduna).

yi share fage

Wannan irin hanya surface za a iya yi da hannunsa, misali, a cikin akwati inda shi wajibi ne don sau aa tafiya zuwa kasar ko a wasu sauran yankunan karkara. Gina titunan daga cikin halitta ƙasa da aka gabatar a cikin wadannan hanyoyi:

1. Yayyafa Road waƙa da kwal slag Layer, wanda zai zama daidai game da 5-10 cm. A wannan yanayin, da hanyar da ta kafe sauri da kuma kusan babu puddles suna kafa. wannan hanya ya kamata a maimaita bayan shekaru uku daga aiki.

2. Yi amfani da tubalin da kwalta marmashi. Wannan datti hanya zai iya yin tsayayya ko da spring snowmelt da kuma iya wuce fiye da shekaru hudu.

3. kwanciya tarakta crumbs kwalta Dornit masana'anta wanda yawa ne 150 g / m ^2. Wannan hanya - ya fi sauri da kuma inganci.

Gina titunan da irin wannan ba ma tsada, amma shi bukatar m tabbatarwa coatings cikin koshin lafiya.

Gyara aiki a ƙasa tsummoki

A cikin aiki na da dabaran a ƙarƙashin rinjayar da dama motocin, yanayin yanayi, saboda da manyan adadin hazo, m zafin jiki da kuma da dama wasu dalilai duk karauka ba tare da togiya lalacewa da kuma zo a cikin unsuitability. Saboda haka, da na share fage shafi na bukatar din hanya sabuntawa da kuma goyon baya. Wannan kuma za a iya yi a hanyoyi da dama.

Overhaul hanyoyi nufin kanta, wadda za a rufe sake wasu daga cikin manyan yankunan, da kuma a wasu lokuta, gaba daya har yanzu zanen.

A halin yanzu shekara-shekara zane graders kullum amfani da yankan halitta abu a kan gefuna da kuma motsi da shi zuwa ga roadway.

inganta share fage

Domin mafi alhẽri zaman lafiyar da roadway a kan hanyoyi a cikin kauyuka haifar da hanyõyi roadway hur irin. Da farko, wannan da aka tsarkake aiki rabo daga hanya daga turɓãya da datti, sa'an nan mai rufi gauraye da juna ƙasa, tsakuwa abu da kuma binders da daban-daban Additives.

Irin wannan inganta unpaved da hanyõyi ne mafi resistant zuwa lalata wa daban-daban dalilai, yayin da suka yi amfani da wani m wajen.

hadaddun mãkirci

Rasha masu motoci sun gano dama manyan surprises jiran su a kan datti hanyoyi.

A farko daga gare su - da wannan spring hanyoyi. A wannan yanayin, na share fage shafi yayi kama da fadama. Datti iya kaucewa score masõya, ta haka ne yin da taya santsi da kuma gaba daya defenseless. Don kauce wa irin wannan matsaloli, kana bukatar ka motsa tsananin tare da Rut, da kokarin for iyakar sauƙi abin hawa.

Na biyu mamaki - shi ne unpredictable yashi. A wannan yanayin, idan shi ne bushe, inji iya zama a karkashin da nauyi zurfi da kuma zurfi tono a cikin shi. Idan rigar yashi shafi, shi za a iya shawo kan da sauri, amma kana bukatar ka yi shi ne m hanya don kuma nutse a cikin danko sosai dunes.

Sabili kananan puddles a kan hanyoyi na iya zama wani musamman cikas, amma har yanzu wani lokacin suna boye da yawa pitfalls. Idan ba za ka iya cimma su, shi ne mafi kyau ga dakatar da fita daga cikin mota domin gano zurfin da sanda.

kasar hanya

Wannan kananan roadbed tsakanin ƙauyuka rufi a matsayin halitta ƙasa. Shi ya dace domin motsi na wheeled motocin, amma, kamar yadda wannan hanya yana da wani m coatings karkashin m weather yanayi, shi ne gaba daya m ga tafiya.

Wannan roadway ne mafi unacceptable don amfani a kan ta motoci - ya fitar da kan shi, musamman a farkon spring, m mota masu goyon baya bayar da shawarar a mota hula sa musamman kewaye.

Ingancin hanya ɗaukar hoto na Rasha Federation

A shekarar 2012, masana sun na Davos Forum da rahoton shekara-shekara ga cewa kimanta da hanyoyi na Rasha da kuma sauran kasashe. A cikin tsarin, bakwai-aya sikelin da aka yi amfani da, inda 1 - shi ne mafi munin jihar, da kuma 7 - kyau kwarai. Rasha ta samu a cikin wannan binciken, su istinbadi da maki uku. Irin wannan low adadi samu Rasha hanyoyi saboda ta m inganci da wannan duka, wasu unpaved hanyõyi, ba za a yi amfani da fall ko spring kakar. Saboda haka, tsananin magana, wadannan kimomi ne ba abin mamaki ba.

Me Rasha bad hanyoyi?

An kullum yarda cewa hanya jihar layin wutar ya dubi haka saboda mummunan yanayi da kuma m matsayin da fasaha a kasar. A wasu lokuta, domin gina da rinjaye unfavorable ƙasa, don haka ko da wani hanya gyara a irin wannan yanayi zai zama da wuya.

A cikin irin wannan yankuna na Rasha a matsayin Karelia kuma Far Arewa yankuna da gina tsari da wahala da low zafin jiki, don haka shi na bukatar makamashi mai yawa, wanda a sakamakon take kaiwa zuwa wani Yunƙurin a cikin kudin na hanya. A sakamakon haka ne cewa babban adadin ganye fiye da bayar da damar gudanar da counteract da m yanayi.

Nawa ne da abun ciki na matafiya?

A kasafin kudin a 2016 554 biliyan rubles aka dage farawa, na da 130 za su tafi ga maimaitawa da kuma fi na yankin hanyoyi da kuma 65 - domin gina gada Kerch. Sauran biliyoyin za a ciyar a kan tabbatarwa da kuma gyara na tarayya karauka. Bisa ga latest kimomi, da maimaitawa na daya kilometer na roadway a cikin talakawan kudin 28 da miliyan rubles, da kuma yi - 133 miliyan rubles. Wannan zai rage yawan wuraren da cunkoso a wadannan yankunan.

gwamnati da tsare-tsaren

Ma'aikatar sufuri ta sanar da cewa, a cikin shekaru biyar shirin maye gurbin duk datti hanyoyi da kankare. Wannan shiri na samar da kudade don 1.8 tiriliyan rubles. Har ila yau, a wannan shirin, ya kamata a maye gurbin ko kerata talatin da biyar da gadoji da kuma overpasses.

A cikin taron cewa ya sanar da tsare-tsaren za a cika, sa'an nan, bisa ga masana, shi zai rage yawan hatsarori da kuma kara hanya iya aiki. Kuma baicin, shi solves daya daga cikin manyan matsalolin da masu motoci.