A farko aiki to dashi a mutum shugaban. ko da mutum shugaban dashi zai yiwu? Mutumin amince da wani a haɗa kai

Shugaban dashi mutumin - wannan ne mai matukar muhimmanci mataki a cikin ci gaban da kimiyya na dasawa. A baya can, wannan wani aiki kamar ba zai yiwu ba, domin babu real gama kwakwalwa da kuma laka. Amma bisa ga Italian neurosurgeon Sergio Kanavero, babu wani abu ba zai yiwu ba, da kuma aiki da aka har yanzu zai faru.

A bit na tarihi data

Ko kafin 1900 Gabar dasawa da aka bayyana ne kawai a dama littafin. Alal misali, Gerbert Uells a cikin aikin "The Island na Dr. Moreau" ya bayyana gwaje-gwajen a transplanting dabba gabobin. Wani almarar da cewa lokaci, Alexander Belyaev, a cikin labari "Farfesa Dowell ta Head" ya tabbatar da cewa za ka iya kawai mafarki game da, a cikin karni na 19th Gabar dasawa. mutum shugaban dashi ba kawai wani labari, kuma funny labaru.

Duniya juya juye a 1905 a lokacin da Dr. Edward Cirma transplanted ga mai karɓa cornea, kuma shi kama on. Tuni a cikin shekara ta 1933 a cikin Kherson, a Soviet masanin Yu Yu Crow yi na farko nasara zuciya dashi daga mutum zuwa mutum. A kowace shekara, sashen transplants tsiro. Don kwanan wata, masana kimiyya sun kasance iya dashi corneas, zuciya, pancreas, kodan, hanta, manya da ƙananan wata gabar jiki, da bronchi da al'aurar maza da mata.

Yadda da kuma lokacin zai karo na farko transplanted kai?

Idan a 1900, daya daga cikin masana kimiyya yi magana da muhimmancin da mutum shugaban dashi, mafi m, shi za a yi la'akari mahaukaci. Duk da haka, a cikin 21st karni, shi ne ya ce a duk muhimmancin. An aiki An riga an shirya ta 2017, kuma a lokacin akwai fage aiki. Dasawa da mutum shugaban - wannan shi ne wani hadadden aiki, wanda zai unsa wata babbar lamba na neurosurgeons daga ko'ina cikin duniya, duk da haka, za su kula da dashi likita Italian Sergio Kanavero.

Don na farko mutum shugaban dashi ne nasara, shi zai zama dole su kwantar da kai, kuma jikin bayarwa up to 15 ° C, amma kawai 1.5 hours, in ba haka ba da Kwayoyin zai fara mutuwa kashe. A lokacin aiki zai crosslink jijiya da kuma jijiya, da kuma a wurin da laka aka shigar membrane na polyethylene glycol. Its aiki ne dangane da neurons a incision shafin. An zaci cewa wani aiki to dashi a mutum shugaban zai šauki game da 36 hours da za bukatar kashe kudi ba a cikin adadin 20 da dala miliyan.

Wa dauki kasada domin kare kanka da abin da?

Batun da damuwa ga mutane da yawa: "Wãne ne jarumi rai wanda ya yi ƙarfin halin kwakwalwa dashi?". Ba tare da faruwa zurfi a cikin matsalar, ga alama cewa wannan ra'ayin shi ne quite m da kuma iya kudin wani ta rayuwa. Mutumin amince da wani a haɗa kai, a shirye-shiryen Rasha Valery Spiridonov. Sai dai itace cewa dasawa da shugaban for shi - a zama dole gwargwado. Tun suna yara, da talented masanin kimiyyar lafiya myopathy. Wannan cuta, wanda ke shafar tsoka tsarin da duka kwayoyin. Tare da tsokoki yi rauni, kuma atrophy a kowace shekara. Motor neurons, dake a cikin gaban yadudduka na laka shafa, da kuma mutumin da ya rasa ikon tafiya, da kuma hadiye ci gaba da sauka.

Dasawa ne don taimaka Valery mayar da duk motor ayyuka. Lalle ne, mutum shugaban dashi tiyata ne sosai m, amma ya rasa, wanda ya rayu, kuma haka da kadan lokaci? Amma Valery Spiridonov (shi ne a halin yanzu 31), sa'an nan yara tare da wannan cuta sau da yawa ba su ma kai ƙarfinsa.

Matsalolin a dasawa shugaban

Wannan ne mai matukar wuya aiki, wanda ya sa har kusan shekara 2 za su iya za'ayi shiri aikin kafin tiyata. Kokarin gane abin da daidai zai zama matsaloli da kuma yadda Sergio Kanavero shirin magance su.

1. Jijiya zaruruwa. Tsakanin kai da kuma jiki akwai wata babbar dama neurons da conductors wanda ba a mayar bayan rauni. Dukanmu mun san lokuta inda wani mutum bayan wani hadarin mota tsira, amma ya rasa ya motor aiki na rayuwa saboda lalacewar da mahaifa laka. A lokacin, sosai m masana kimiyya ɓullo da dabarun da damar wajen gabatar da abubuwa da za su gyara lalace jijiyoyi.
2. Karfinsu kyallen takarda. Transplanting mutum shugaban bukatar da mai bayarwa (jiki), a kan wanda za a dasa. Wajibi ne a daidai zaɓi wani sabon jiki, domin idan nama na kwakwalwa da kuma jiki ba su jituwa - nufin edema, da kuma mutane za su mutu. A lokacin, masana kimiyya sun gano hanyar zuwa yãƙi nama kin amincewa.

Frankenstein iya zama darasi mai kyau

Duk da cewa, a fili, canja shugaban - wannan ne mai matukar ban sha'awa da kuma amfani ga al'umma, akwai da dama daga mummunan yanayi. Masana kimiyya da dama daga ko'ina cikin duniya kan dasawa da shugaban. Ba da sanin gaskiya dalilai, ga alama dai m. Amma bari mu tuna da tarihi na Dr. Frankenstein. Ya da wani mugun nufi, ya kuma nemi ya halicci mutum wanda yakan taimaka wa al'umma, amma kuwa shi ne brainchild na wani wanda ba a iya lura da shi ba dodo.

Mutane da yawa malamai sun kõma da wani layi daya tsakanin gwaje-gwajen da na Dr. Frankenstein da kuma neurosurgeon Sergio Kanavero. Sun yi imani da cewa mutum ne da yake transplanted da kai, na iya zama wanda ba a iya lura da shi ba. Haka kuma, idan irin wannan gwajin zai, bil'adama za su iya rayuwa har abada, kan kuma a sake ta transplanting kai ga sabon matasa jikinsu. Hakika, idan shi zai zama mai kyau masanin kimiyya hangen zaman gaba, me ya sa ya kamata ya ba rayu har abada? Kuma idan shi ne m?

Dasawa da shugaban zai kawo wa jama'a?

Da zarar mun fitar da siffa ko mutum shugaban dashi ne zai yiwu, bari tunani game da abin da wannan kwarewa da za su iya kawo kimiyyar zamani. A duniya akwai da yawa cututtuka hade da take hakkin da laka aiki. Kuma ko da yake wannan sashi na jiki da aka sosai karatu da masana kimiyya da dama na duniya, da cikakkar mafita ga matsalolin da alaka da innervation na laka, bai taba aka samu.

Bugu da kari, a cikin mahaifa kashin baya, akwai girman kwanyar jijiyoyi da cewa suke da alhakin hangen nesa, haptics, tabawa. Take hakkin su aiki ne har yanzu ba su iya warkar da wani neurosurgeon. Idan wani shugaban dashi to faru nasarar, shi zai kawo masu rinjaye na Nakasassu, da kuma ajiye rayuwar miliyoyin mutane a duniya.