A farko tsarin da gina jiki

Protein tsarin iya wakilta daya daga cikin hudu zaɓuɓɓuka. Kowane wani zaɓi na da peculiarities. Kamar haka, akwai wani quaternary, ternary, na biyu kuma na farko tsarin da gina jiki.

A karshe matakin a cikin wannan jerin wakiltar wani mikakke polypeptide sarkar amino acid. Amino acid din da suka hadu da peptide bond. A primary tsarin sifar sunadaran ne mafi sauki matakin na kungiyar na kwayoyin. By covalent peptide bond tsakanin alpha-amino rukuni na daya amino acid da kuma alpha-carboxyl kungiyar na wani sunadarin samar da high kwanciyar hankali.

A samuwar peptide bond a cikin sel aka kunna farko carboxyl kungiyar. Bayan da connection ne da wani amino kungiyar. Aƙalla guda awon yi polypeptide kira.

Peptide bond, wanda shi ne a maimaita naúrar na polypeptide sarkar yana da yawan fasali. Ƙarƙashin rinjayar da wadannan siffofin ba kawai ta samar da farko tsarin da gina jiki. Su shafi duka da hakan a matsayin kungiya na polypeptide sarkar. Daga cikin babban bayãnin hukuncin siffofin ware coplanarity (ikon da dukkanin sunadaran da suke kunshe a cikin peptide kungiyar a cikin wannan jirgin sama) game da substituents trans-N-C Hadin, da dukiya wanzu a 2 rawa siffofin. A musamman fasali na peptide bond kuma sun hada da ikon samar da hydrogen shaidu. A cikinsu kowane peptide na kungiyar za a iya kafa ta biyu hydrogen shaidu da sauran kungiyoyin (ciki har da peptide). Duk da haka, akwai ban. Wadannan sun hada da peptide kungiyoyin da amino kungiyoyin na hydroxyproline ko proline. Za su iya samar da daya kawai hydrogen bond. Wannan rinjayar da samuwar sunadaran sakandare tsarin. Saboda haka, da rabon inda ne hydroxyproline ko proline, da peptide sarkar shi ne sauƙin lankwasa saboda gaskiyar cewa akwai wani biyu hydrogen bond cewa zai ci gaba da shi (kamar yadda yawanci).

Sunan da aka kafa daga amino acid peptide sunayen kunshe a gare su. Dipeptide ba biyu amino acid tripeptide - uku, tetrapeptide - hudu, da sauransu. Kowane polypeptide sarkar (ko peptide) na wani tsawon shi ne halin yanzu N-m amino acid, wanda ya ƙunshi wani free amino kungiyar da kuma C-m amino acid, a cikinta akwai wata free carboxyl kungiyar.

Kadarorin sunadaran.

A cikin nazarin wadannan mahadi, masana kimiyya sha'awar da dama al'amurran da suka shafi. Da masu bincike da farko nemi fita da size, sanin da siffar da kuma nauyi na gina jiki. Ya kamata a lura da cewa shi ne quite wani kalubale. A wahala shi ne cewa ya tabbatar da dalilin da dangi kwayoyin nauyi zuwa kara tafasar zafin jiki na gina jiki bayani (kamar yadda ake yi a sauran abubuwa) ne ba zai yiwu ba, saboda gaskiyar cewa furotin mafita ba tafasa. A definition na nuna alama daidai da ragewan na daskarewa zafin jiki ne m. Bugu da kari, da sunadarai a cikin purest nau'i taba samu. Duk da haka, tare da taimakon raya hanyoyin, an gano cewa, cikin kwayoyin nauyi jeri daga 14 zuwa 45 dubu da more.

Daya muhimmanci halayyar da mahadi ne fractional salting fita. Wannan tsari ne da kadaici da sunadarai daga bayani bayan Bugu da kari na gishiri mafita tare da daban-daban yawa.

Wani muhimmin halayyar ne denaturation. Wannan tsari faruwa a cikin hazo sunadaran da nauyi karafa. Denaturation ne da asarar da na halitta Properties. Wannan tsari ya shafi hira da kwayoyin mabanbanta, a Bugu da kari ya keta polypeptide sarkar. A wasu kalmomin, da farko tsarin gina jiki zauna canzawa a lokacin denaturation.