A matakai na tsarin kungiyar na sunadarai na gina jiki, ko gina jiki tsarin

A tsarin da sunadarin da ake karatu don a shekaru 200. Ta aka sani na da yawa sunadarai. Wasu daga cikinsu sun hada (msl, insulin, RNase). Ainihin tsarin da kuma aikin naúrar na gina jiki daga amino acid. Bugu da ƙari da carboxyl da kuma amino kungiyoyin da kuma sunadarai dauke da sauran aikin kungiyoyin, wanda ƙayyade dũkiyõyinsu. Irin wadannan kungiyoyi sun hada da sanya shi a cikin kaikaice rassanta sunadarin: carboxy kungiyar na aspartic acid ko glutamic acid, amino kungiyar na lysine ko hydroxylysine, guanidine kungiyar na arginine, da imidazole kungiyar na histidine, da hydroxyl kungiyar na serine da threonine, a phenol kungiyar na tyrosine, da sulfhydryl kungiyar na cysteine, disulfide kungiyar na cystine, thioether kungiyar na methionine, phenylalanine benzelnoe core, aliphatic sarƙoƙi na sauran amino acid.

Akwai matakai guda hudu na tsarin kungiyar na gina jiki.

A farko tsarin da gina jiki. Amino acid a cikin sunadarin da ake shiga tare da peptide bond, fiili da primary tsarin. Ya dogara da ingantaccen abun da ke ciki na amino acid, da lambar kuma da jerin tsakanin mahadi. A farko tsarin da gina jiki mafi sau da yawa m da Sanger. A gwajin da furotin da ake bi da tare da wani bayani ditroftorbenzola (DNP), game da shi, kafa dinitrophenyl-gina jiki (furotin-DNP). Daga bisani DNP-hydrolyzed gina jiki kafa saura sunadari da kuma DNP-amino acid. DNP-amino acid da aka gano daga wannan cakuda da kuma ma'auni hydrolysis. A kayayyakin da hydrolysis ake amino acid da kuma dinitrobenzene. Saura daga cikin sunadaran kwayoyin amsa tare da sabon rabo na DNP dai gaba daya ba ya karya saukar zuwa amino acid. Bisa ga gwada yawa binciken da amino acid din da ake yi wa na farko tsarin da mutum kewaye gina jiki. Known primary tsarin sunadarai insulin, myoglobin, haemoglobin, glucagon kuma waɗansu da yawa).

By Hanyar Edman gina jiki da aka bi da tare da phenyl isothiocyanate. Wani lokacin ta amfani da proteolytic enzymes - trypsin, pepsin, chymotrypsin, peptidase, da dai sauransu

A sakandare tsarin da gina jiki. American masana kimiyya, ta amfani da X-ray analysis, ya gano cewa, da furotin da polypeptide sarƙoƙi sau da yawa zama a cikin nau'i na alpha-helices da kuma wani lokacin beta Tsarin.

Alpha-Helix ne idan aka kwatanta da wani karkace bene, wanda tsayar da aiki na digiri na amino acid sharan. A kwayoyin fibrillar sunadaran (siliki fibroin) polypeptide sarkar ne kusan gama miƙa (beta-tsarin) da kuma shirya a cikin nau'i na duniyoyin, stabilized da hydrogen shaidu.

Alpha-Helix za a iya kafa spontaneously a cikin roba polypeptides (dederon, nailan), wanda da kwayoyin nauyi na daga 10 zuwa 20 da dubu. Ee. A wasu rabo daga cikin kwayoyin sunadaran (insulin, haemoglobin, RNAse) karya alpha helical sanyi na da peptide sarkar, kuma an kafa helical tsarin wani irin.

A manyan tsarin da gina jiki. Karkace rabo daga cikin polypeptide sarkar da sunadarin ne a daban-daban dangantaka da sanin manyan (uku-girma) tsarin, tsari da kuma siffar da girma daga cikin sunadaran kwayoyin. An yi imani da cewa manyan tsarin da atomatik kuma ya auku saboda wani hulda da amino acid sharan na sauran ƙarfi kwayoyin. Kamar wancan hydrophobic radicals "kõma" a cikin sunadarin, forming su bushe zone da hydrophilic kungiyoyi suna daidaitacce zuwa ga sauran ƙarfi, wadda take kaiwa ga samuwar energetically m hanyoyin tabbatar kwayoyin. Wannan tsari ne tare da samuwar intramolecular shaidu. A manyan tsarin da sunadarin a rubuce don RNAse, haemoglobin, lysozyme na kaza qwai.

A quaternary tsarin da gina jiki. Wannan irin tsarin da sunadarin ya auku a sakamakon jam'iyya da dama subunits batutuwa a cikin guda kwayoyin. Kowane subunit yana da wani primary, secondary da kuma manyan tsarin.