Potr Nikolaevich Krasnov: biography da ayyukansu

Petr Nikolaevich Krasnov - a rare kuma m, shi ne ya kamata a lura da nasara interweaving na m horo na hali, da su bayyana a wani haske soja aiki, da kuma m hali, wanda ya sa ta ta zama wani m sani marubuci. Addini a gare soja harkokin kamar yadda ya gane shi, ya kai shi bautar talala, inda ya wallafa wani littafi da basira ta wadãta.

The fassara labarin

Short biography Petra Krasnova za a iya bayyana a 'yan kalmomi - da nobility, da soja mazakuta da kuma ƙarfin hali, shakka "White motsi" wahalhalunsa da hijirarsa, wani erroneous kima na Nazis, kuma mutuwa. Amma tsakanin wadannan jini turakun na karni na 20th, waɗanda suke ɗaukar rayukan a kan daban-daban tarnaƙi na barricades, wanda reshapes dukan kasashe da mutane, kowane daga cikin mahalarta tafi nasa rai. Kuma a ko'ina cikin karni na ashirin rayuwa ne gaggawa da ake bukata daga mutum zuwa yin zabi. Petr Nikolaevich Krasnov, yin wannan zabi sau daya, ya kasance da aminci ga karshen.

bishiyar iyali

Bafadan Pyotr Krasnov, wanda biography ne cike da haske events, an haife shi a St. Petersburg a 1869, shi ne a hereditary Don Cossack da kuma mallakar cikin shahararrun Cossack iyali Vyoshenskaya kauye, wanda aka located a arewacin Rostov yankin. Bugu da kari a hereditary talanti for soja rawar soja, da iyali bayyana da kuma wallafe-wallafen talanti. A tsohon St. Petersburg Krasnovs farko ministan cikin alkalami ya zama kakan Pyotr Nikolayevich - Ivan Ivanovich. Ya yi yaƙi a cikin Caucasus da kuma a cikin umurnin da Cossack raka'a na mallaka Guard. Krasnov kakan rubuta wakoki, kazalika da tarihi da kuma ethnographic ayyukansu, misali, da "fahimtar da talaka da kuma hawa Cossacks," "Little Russia a kan Don", "Don Cossacks a cikin Caucasus" da sauransu.

Uba Nikolai aka ciyar da su Laftanar Janar a Cossack sojojin. Babu kasa mashahuri, kuma sun kasance tsara ta uku. Duka 'yan'uwa Peter Nikolaevich sanya tarihi. Andrei ya shahara masanin kimiyyar halitta-botanist kuma matafiyi. Platon Nikolaevich yi aiki a kan rubuce-rubuce, ya kasance a tsaye ba tare da kinship Alexander Blok - ya aka yi aure ga inna daga cikin shahararrun mawãƙi Catherine Beketova-Krasnova, kuma marubuci.

shekaru nazari

A shekaru 11, ya aka gano a cikin Farko St. Petersburg High School. Karatu har zuwa biyar sa, sai ya tafi soja horo a cikin Alexander yar jam'iyyar kadet Corps. A rukunin farko na sojoji da ilimi kammala da daraja na mataimakin-saja, to da shekaru 19, ya samu nasarar kammala farko soja makaranta na Pavlovsk. sakamakon cimma ta kasance haka m cewa sunansa da aka shiga a cikin zinariya haruffa a kan wani marmara slab.

An sani cewa ya ma sun shiga cikin Academy of Gaba Staff, amma saboda matalauta ci gaban da aka bokan ta cikin makaranta shekara. Amma duk da haka a shekaru 39, ya sauke karatu daga mahayan jami'an makaranta.

A farkon ya soja aiki

Soja sabis Petr Nikolaevich Krasnov fara shekaru ashirin a cikin sahu na ƙaho lokacin da ya sanya wa Ataman rajimanti magaji Tsarevich. A shekara daga baya, ya aka dauke shi aikin a cikin rajimanti. A 1897, a Abisiniya (yanzu Ethiopia) ta Rasha diplomasiyya manufa, da jerin gwanon wanda aka karkashin jagorancin Krasnov Petr Nikolaevich, wanda biography ne daga wannan lokaci cike da daban-daban m wurare na duniya da kuma wani m karkatarwa rabo.

A shekara daga baya, ya sanya da wuya miƙa mulki ga wani alfadari a cikin birni a arewa maso gabashin Afirka ya sadar da takarda, sa'an nan da kalla rikitarwa hanya zuwa St. Petersburg. Wannan Maris jami'in courted babba daraja da kuma kawo dama awards: da Order of Stanislaus biyu digiri, jami'in haye Habasha star na uku mataki da Order na Tuli na karimci na Faransa.

A farko a yunkurin rubutu

Da farko ayyukan Petr Nikolaevich Krasnov fara wallafa a shekaru na shekaru 22. Ya almarar da kuma kayan a kan soja ka'idar fara bayyana a kai a kai a cikin jaridu da mujallu. A musamman, daga cikin na farko daga cikin ayyukansa za a iya gano irin littattafai kamar "The lake", "Ataman Platov" da sauransu. Duqufad da ransa gaba ɗaya soja hanya, ya kuma ayyukansa kokari ne tãyar da soja theme, yi magana game da Don Cossacks rayuwa fasali. Kuma, ba shakka, da yawa romanticized.

Ya exploits a lokacin wani Afirka tafiya kuma sami wani poetic art form. Bayan ya dawo, nan da nan ya rubuta littattafai biyu: "The Cossacks a Afirka: Diary na Cif na Rasha na sarki ayarin manufa a Abisiniya a 1897 - 1898gg." Kuma "Love Abyssinian da kuma sauran labarun."

Dawo daga Afirka, ya yi aure Lydia Fedorovna GruÈneisen Russianised 'yar Jihar majalisar.

Service a pre-neman sauyi Rasha

Bugu da kari a kai tsaye hannu a tashin, Krasnov Petr Nikolaevich, a takaice biography wanda aka kafa daga nan, ya sha nanata amsa kamar yadda wani yaki wakilinmu. A wannan damar, ya halarci da Boxer tawayen a kasar Sin, wanda aka fi sani a matsayin Boxer tayarwa, wanda ya faru daga 1898 zuwa 1901 shekaru. Sa'an nan, ya aka aika zuwa Manchuria, China, India da kuma Japan ta yi bincike kan halaye na rayuwarsu.

Ya kuma rubuce abubuwan da suka faru na Rasha-Japanese adawa 1904 - 1905gg. Kamar yadda soja da aka bayar da dama alamomi na fifiko: da Order of St. Anna na hudu mataki da St. Vladimir na hudu mataki. Sarkin sarakuna Nicholas II Entries samu wani Littãfi daga shi a kan Janairu 3, 1905, inda shugaban na jihar ya bayyana yadda ya kuma mai yawa ban sha'awa tattaunawa game da yaki. Ya yi aiki tare da mujallu "yaki invalids", "Scout" da sauransu.

Bayan yaki, ya fara girma quite hanzari a cikin sabis. A shekarar 1906 ya aka ciyar da su kwamandan daruruwan Ataman rajimanti, a shekara daga baya - Captain, daga baya - kwansu da kwarkwatansu saja. A 1910 ya samu daraja da kanar. A shekara daga baya ya aka nada ya umurci na farko Siberian, sa'an nan Don Cossack rajimanti.

A a layi daya, shi ne bunkasa quite rayayye, kuma ya wallafa aiki. Saboda haka, a cikin Japan War, ya buga na tarihi labari "The Year of War. 14 watanni a lokacin yaki: makala a kan Rasha-Japanese War "da sauran ayyukan da wannan salon m wallafe-wallafe. Bugu da kari, ya rubuta da kuma m abubuwa. Shi ne ya kamata a lura da cewa ya ya samar da fiye da 600 daban-daban ayyukansa kamar yadda wani publicist, kuma m da kuma tarihi kafin Oktoba juyin juya halin.

Da farko yakin duniya da kuma juyin juya halin

A farkon yakin, ya matsayin kwamandan na rajimanti aka aiko a watan Agusta shekara ta 1914 a Gabas Prussia. Kuma watanni uku daga baya ya ciyar da su da daraja na manyan janar da kuma sa a lura da farko Brigade na Don Cossack, sa'an nan da Caucasian Native sojan doki Division. A lokaci guda ya aka bayar da St. George da makamai. A May 1915, ya aka bayar da Order of St. George na hudu mataki ga nasara fama ayyukan a yankin na Dniester River, inda suka iya jefar da Austrians baya ketaren kogi. A 1916 ya aka munanan raunuka.

Jawabin duk lokacin har farko na Fabrairu 1917 juyin juya hali, a kan fronts na yaki, da Cossack kwamandan, Janar Krasnov Petr Nikolaevich karɓa kira zuwa ga na farko juyin mulki shubuha da barnatar da kimanta da ayyuka na wucin gwamnatin. A harkokin siyasa, sai aka ba da hannu. Duk da haka, ya kasance daya daga cikin 'yan da suka taimake Aleksandr Kerensky bayan Bolshevik juyin juya halin. Da zarar a cikin hannãyenku daga cikin Bolsheviks, sai ya gudu zuwa Don, inda ya jagoranci da juriya a kan Cossacks. Kamar yadda jigo Grand Don Army, ya kafa wani kawance da Sarkin sarakuna na Jamus Wilhelm II. Amma Jamus ta sha kashi a sa masa ya yi watsi da ra'ayin Don-Caucasus Union. Ya amince da su je da cikakken mika wuya da Anton Denikin, to connect da gudummuwar Army. A shekara ta 1919 Denikin, Krasnov tilasta yin murabus saboda akida da siyasa da bambance-bambance.

Farga cewa ya aka daina rike da wani abu a Rasha, Rasha bar kuma tsaya a Estonia a Arewa-Western Army Janar Nikolai Yudenich. Ya zama shugaban sojojin, "Neva baki" jarida. Its edita ya shahara a cikin Rasha marubuci Alexander Kuprin.

ƙaura

A 1920 ya yi hijira zuwa Jamus, bayan shekaru uku ya koma Faransa. A waɗannan shekaru, kawai bayyana da farko kalaman na ƙaura. A daban-daban da'irori da manyan yawan expatriate jami'an ta kwashe da sunan "White Rasha", Krasnov Petr Nikolaevich fara aiki siyasa da zamantakewa. Ya hada kai tare da kungiyoyin dacewa da Rasha ƙaura, ciki har da Rasha All-Soja Union. Bugu da kari, shi ya kasance wani memba na Higher Council of daular mulkinsu. Ya, musamman, amsa a matsayin daya daga cikin wadanda suka kafa na "Brotherhood na Rasha gaskiya". Wannan motsi ya jagoranci wani aiki subversion a Soviet Rasha. Duk da haka, shi daga baya ya bayyana cewa tsarin da aka asali sarrafawa da jihar Siyasa Directorate (GPU) na NKVD.

Daya daga cikin shugabannin da White motsi aka dauke Krasnov Petr Nikolaevich, ya littattafai sun quite rare kuma aka buga a cikin harshen Turanci, Faransanci, German, Rasha da kuma sauran harsunan Turai. Domin fiye da shekaru ashirin na rayuwa cikin zaman gudun hijira, ya ta buga game da 40 littattafai. za a iya bambanta a cikinsu musamman, a fantasy labari game da Rasha Bolshevik nan gaba "Fiye da ƙayar." Bugu da kari, ya wallafa wani labari, wani tarihin rayuwar a sassa hudu mai taken "Daga cikin mikiya da ja flag."

Yakin duniya na II

Ramuwar gayya Ataman Pyotr Krasnov yanke shawarar a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu da kuma ya hada kai tare da Nazis. A 1943 ya aka sa a umurnin Main Department of Cossack Forces a Jamus. Bayan yaki, ya mika wuya ga Burtaniya, sai suka yi wani fice Soviet soja shugabanci. Kotun Koli na Soviet Rasha da aka yanke masa hukumcin kisa ta hanyar rataya. Ya kasance 77 years old.