A farkon zamani a Rasha a cikin karni na 20th kuma da fasali

Da zarar a Rasha serfdom da aka soke, akwai duk abubuwan da ake bukata don modernization da m tattalin arziki. A karshen XIX - farkon karni XX a kasar akwai wani juyin juya halin masana'antu. Ya sa Rasha kan daidai da mafi m tattalin arziki na duniya (England, USA, Faransa da kuma Jamus).

Development of Railways

Daya daga cikin mafi muhimmanci Manuniya na ci gaban tattalin arziki a jihar a lokacin da aka ci gaban da Railways. A da haɓaka na Rasha a farkon karni na 20th, ya ta'allaka ne a bayyanar da samuwa kai cibiyar sadarwa.

A farko Railway layi bayyana a cikin kasa shi ne har yanzu a karkashin Nicholas I (daga Moscow zuwa St Petersburg). A farkon XX karni na baƙin ƙarfe hanya - a yana kokarin muhimmanci hanya. A da kyau-ɓullo da cibiyar sadarwa yi karusa na kayayyaki da sararin kasa ne da yawa mai rahusa da kuma ya fi dacewa.

A farkon zamani a Rasha a cikin karni na 20th a bari a baya game da 3 dubu mil na Railways. Babu wata kasar a cikin cibiyar sadarwa na duniya ba haka ba ne m. The adadin kayan da za'ayi a cikin 'yan shekarun da suka gabata bayan da zamanin sarautar Alexander II ya karu da sau 4.

Me daidai ba da m gina hanyar jirgin kasa? Yana bude up for masana'antu da cinikayya sabon kasuwanni ciki na Rasha. A da dama daga lardin, kuma suka kurubta larduna fage mai yawa albarkatun jiran ubangijinsa. Gina wani factory tafi daga rijiyar-ɓullo da kai kayayyakin more rayuwa ba zai iya ba da wani kasuwa. Idan ya aikata jihar da cewa kamfanin tsira a kan manyan tallafin da, sabili da haka aiki a wata asara.

Da zuwan da Railways a farkon zamani na Rasha a cikin karni na 20th shi ya samu wani kara taki. Tattalin arziki da yawa tsakanin larduna da ya zama mafi tsanani, da kuma na kasuwanci - ubiquitous. Yana catapulted mafi daban-daban segments na yawan - daga ilimi gentry da wuya-aiki manoman suka bar al'umma.

Trans-Siberian Railway

A 1891 ta kaddamar da m a lokacin da aikin a Rasha. Yana da aka gina da Great Siberian hanya, ko da Trans-Siberian Railway. A mafi tsawo Railway a duniya ya zuwa connect da matsananci gabashin kasar tare da tsakiyar larduna. A bikin na kwanciya na farko sashe shi ne magaji zuwa kursiyin Nikolay Aleksandrovich, wanda da kansa ya sha da farko amalanke ƙasar. Shekaru goma daga baya, da hanyar da ya rufe, kuma nan da nan ta tafi da su horar da. Domin da farko lokacin da mutane zai iya shiryar da ko jirgin fito don samun zuwa Atlantic Coast na Turai da Pacific Rim Rasha. A kan talakawan, a cikin shekara 642 gina wani mile na sabon hanyoyi.

Da zuwan na Trans Rasha tattalin arziki na zamani a farkon karni na 20th, shi ya samu wani sabon zagaye. Yanzu mazaunan ƙasar duka su wajen domin ci gaba da sararin Siberia. Stolypin agrarian garambawul ya yarda manoma su shirya kan sabon ƙasashe da karɓar haraji karya don ƙirƙirar your own tattalin arzikin. A reluwe ma sauƙaƙar hanya daga Turai zuwa Far East larduna.

Tattalin arziki tsakanin yankuna

Features na Rasha ta zamani a farkon karni na 20th, sa a gaskiyar cewa tare da fitowan da wani karfi da kuma barga cinikayya tsakanin m yankuna da sabon karfi suka fara samar masana'antu. Ko kadai kwanciya Trans bukata babban albarkatun, da samar da wanda ke tsunduma a cikin zaman kansa kasuwanci. Waɗannan su ne: metallurgy, Railway As'hab girbi, itace aiki, sinadaran masana'antu, samar da man fetur ga tururi locomotives (ci hakar ma'adinai, man fetur refining), da dai sauransu Fara na zamani a Rasha a cikin karni na 20th ya daban-daban da kuma rashin jihar monopolies a mafi sassa na tattalin arzikin da unleashes iyawa .. shirya, masu zaman kansu yan kasuwa.

Gina sabon gadoji, kazalika da samar da motoci da tururi injuna kara sau da yawa. A sakamakon haka, a farkon zamani a Rasha a cikin karni na 20th ba kasar na biyu-mafi tsawo dogo cibiyar sadarwa a duniya (bayan da Amurka ne kawai).

shahararren jirgin

Railroads janyo hankalin ba kawai 'yan kasuwa, amma kuma a talented jami'an gwamnati. Alal misali, ministan layukan dogo a 1895-1905 gg. ya Mihail Ivanovich Hilkov, wanda ya kasance daga cikin irin Rurik. The pinnacle daga cikin aiki, da ya samu godiya ga mai girma himma. Future ministan ya farko mai kashe gobara a Amurka, makaniki a Birtaniya, sa'an nan kafa kansa a mahaifarsa a matsayin m gudanarwa. Bugu da kari, tare da jiragen kasa ya daura wani aiki Sergeya Vitte - daya daga cikin shahararrun Figures na zamanin.

sassa na tattalin arzikin

Sauran fasali na zamani na Rasha a farkon karni na 20th hada da redistribution na kasuwar. Duk da masana'antu samar da kasar da aka raba da dama sassa. Babban sulusi da murabba'i sun kasance a cikin yadi (26%), abinci (24%) kuma gornozavodskogo (21%) masana'antu.

Fadin kasar, akwai sabon tattalin arziki yankuna da nasu musamman samar. Musamman daukan hankali girma ya bayyana a kudancin Rasha. Yana samar da mai, da Karafa, Kwal, da kuma smelleded baƙin ƙarfe. Social zamani a Rasha aka alaka da unprecedented bayyanar shuke-shuke. Shirilsya proletarian aji. Daga 1894 zuwa 1905, kasar kawai a cikin metallurgical filin bayyana fiye da 440 sabon kasuwanci da kamfanoni.

Har yanzu ya kasance wani cibiyar na Shipbuilding St. Petersburg, inda shipyards aka gina jiragen ruwa na sabon azuzuwan. A wajen kudu, da rawar da babban tashar jiragen ruwa koma Nikolaev. Haka kuma an rayayye gina da kuma mika wuya ga zamani jirãge aiki.

ci gaban tattalin arziki

Features na zamani a Rasha ne don hanzarta da taki na girma, wanda zai hãsadar wani tattalin arziki a duniya. Domin wannan nuna alama, kasar ta sami kanta a cikin rukuni na shugabannin (tare da Amurka, Japan da kuma Sweden). Goldmine bayar zama latest fanni na mai, a kan wanda Rasha ya baki ɗaya a duniya shugaba godiya ga gano da kuma ci gaban babbar adibas na Baku.

A sauran wurare na tattalin arzikin cikin gida samar shagaltar stably 4th ko 5th wuri (tama, karfe da kuma jefa baƙin ƙarfe, injiniya, samar da sukari da kuma kama. D.).

All-Russian Industrial Exhibition

A farkon karni na 20th a cikin Nizhny Novgorod bude All-Russian Industrial Exhibition (da misalin tare da sanannun Turai events). A nan ne da Rasha masana'antu da aka gudanar da zanga-zanga na ta samun nasara. A taron ya zama alama na dogon lokaci shirya don shi. Isar da shi a ambaci cewa musamman ga nuni a cikin Nizhny Novgorod da aka kaddamar na farko da wutar lantarki tram a vastness na dukan na Rasha.

A taron da aka] a] en da Sarkin sarakuna Nicholas II. Daga cikin shirya na nuni da su ne mafi nasara, 'yan kasuwa na lokaci: .. Savva Morozov, Savva Mamontov, da dai sauransu Akwai aka nuna nasarorin da kirkiro sabon raga na zamani Rasha a farkon karni na 20th.

A Nizhny Novgorod, sababbin abubuwa da aka nuna. Alal misali, baƙi farko ga hyperboloid hasumiya-harsashi Shukhov Rotunda, rediyo Popov, kazalika ta farko da mota na cikin gida da samar da (mota Frese da Yakovlev). Wasu haimõmi aka sadaukar domin takamaiman yankuna. Alal misali, Nobel Brothers Association nuna panorama masana'antu da kuma man matatun mai a Baku. Mun tattauna matsaloli na zamani, ya Rasha a farkon karni na 20th. Har ila yau kwangila da kwangila tsakanin kera da kuma industrialists.

matsaloli

Duk da dukan sama nasarorin, akwai kuma matsaloli na zamani na Rasha a farkon karni na 20th. A kasar wanzuwa cikin shugabannin duniya cikin sharuddan samar da capita. Wannan adadi da aka wuya musamman buga da karshe mabukaci. Saboda wannan ya low yawa a kasashen waje cinikayya (1 biliyan 286 da miliyan rubles). Wannan adadi shi ne 5 sau da ƙananan fiye da Amurka kudi, ko Ingila. A general, ya kasance daidai da matakin na kankanin Belgium.

Rasha na zamani da matsaloli a farkon karni na 20th, sa a gaskiyar cewa kasar ya matalauta a kan batutuwan babban birnin kasar a cikin tattalin arzikin kasar. Don ci gaba da bunkasa masana'antu, gwamnatin da kuma 'yan kasuwa suna da kudi da ya kamata. Suna ta shirya aron sauran wurare. Game da rabi na cikin gida da babban birnin kasar da aka samu a kan bashi a cikin wadanda shekaru. Harkokin waje masu zuba jari da ya tashe shi daga ƙasa, dukan yankuna. Saboda haka, misali, shi ne Donbass tasa. Ya kafa kansu a kudi na Birtaniya da Faransa masu zuba jari.

jihar basusuka

A lokaci guda, da rabo daga kasashen waje kudi a cikin tattalin arzikin da farkon sabon karni da aka yi haƙuri ragewa. Features na Rasha modernization sa a gaskiyar cewa jihar aka ƙara lasafta kasuwannin gida, saboda abin da ta waje bashi fadi, kuma na ciki, da bambanci, girma. Don kwatanta - a lokaci guda a Faransa domin biyan taskar shaidu ciyar har zuwa na uku daga cikin kasafin kudin, yayin da a Rasha - game da 15%.