A ra'ayi da kuma asali kwamfuta gine.

A 60-ies da dama shirye-shirye sun fara ci gaba da latest zane, ciki har da mix na hardware da software interactions da kuma ya ba Yunƙurin zuwa definition of kwamfuta gine. Computer Architecture ya zama wani muhimmin bangare a cikin kwamfuta duniya, kuma ya kasance haka to wannan rana.

A ra'ayi da kuma asali kwamfuta gine

Computer Architecture - a symbiosis na mahara hadin gwiwa ayyuka, sanyi da kuma sauti na asali dabaru na kwamfuta nodes. Wannan symbiosis hidima ga wasan kwaikwayon na mai amfani da ayyuka, da kuma ƙulla wani yawan abubuwan zo tare, don ƙirƙirar hardware da software, inda babban danniya da dama a kan kira na Hadin da kuma ka'idojin muhimmi daban-daban gyare-gyare sarrafa kwamfuta. Alal misali, a samar da babban aka gyara daga aikin injiniya kayan aiki da kuma ta aiki zai iya zama guda, amma raba samfurori dauka da muhimmanci bambance-bambance a price, gudu da kuma ƙarfin aiki.

A lokacin da kullum aikin wani mai amfani ne sun fi mayar da sha'awar ba kawai ya dace da kuma gudun da na'ura, amma ta damar domin warware takamaiman ayyuka. A sakamakon haka, a data sa na abokin ciniki bukatun ya kai ga wani gagarumin ci gaban da kashi tushe na kwamfuta a wani ƙarin abin dogara da kuma sauki don amfani. Ya kamata a yaba cewa, kara yadda ya dace da rates daga cikin mutum abubuwa ne ba marasa iyaka, wanda shi ne dalilin da ya sa manyan masana ganin ƙuduri na wannan batu a cikin zamani na kwamfuta gine.

A sakamakon da na zamani da kwakwalwa da aka kafa iko kwakwalwa tare da multiprocessor gine-gine, wanda damar aiki mahara sarrafawa lokaci guda. Bugu da ƙari, cikin mafi iko da kwamfuta, da mafi aikinsa hannu sarrafawa.

The main iri kwamfuta gine

A duka kwamfuta tsarin raba-daban na kwamfuta gine cikin uku kungiyoyin, saboda da yawan kõguna na dokokin da kuma bayanai, kalle su:

• The kafa na classic gine na kwamfuta na 1st da 2nd tsara ya Dzhon Fon Neyman, wanda tsara ka'idodi na da jerin. Don wannan kungiyar ne uniprocessor tsarin da ciwon a daya hali guda data rafi (SISD), da kuma na biyu - mahara data rafi (SIMD). Wadannan irin inji ne saboda guda vector umurci kwarara, yayin da jam'i na data koguna da kansu.
• A gaba kungiya, wanda ya hada da iri gine - MIMD. Shin wani multiprocessor tsarin da ciwon mahara umurci rafi da wani data rafi. Wannan gine-gine da tsarin ne, yafi amfani a zamani supercomputers.
• Kuma karshe, na uku irin gine - MISD, wakiltar guda shirin da yawa data. Abin baƙin ciki, MISD yana da wani m muhimmanci. Wannan irin ake ba to kwamfuta gine da kuma samar da parallelizing shirye-shirye. Yana suturta lokaci daya kisan biyu ko fiye da kofe na wannan shirin a daban-daban processor kayayyaki tare da daban-daban data.

Yana da daraja idan akai la'akari da irin wannan muhimmanci shugabanci na ci gaban kwamfuta gine kamar inji data qarqashinsu. A cikin 80s aka zaci cewa, da hange na high-yi kwamfuta da aka kai tsaye alaka zuwa kwamfuta sarrafawa data kwarara a cikin abin da wadannan gudana ne iya gudu mahara dokokin, ko dauke sama iri kwamfuta gine ake sarrafa kwamfuta tsarin, gudanar pokami teams. A zamani samar saba kawai 'yan abubuwa na m amfani a microprocessors dauke da wani jam'i na aikin raka'a aiki synchronously jiran samuwan operands.