A rayuwa ta sake zagayowar na mosses: da jerin matakai

Domin zauna sabon sarari, tsoho shuke-shuke da daidaita da wa wani sabon gaba daya rai yanayi. Alal misali, m asarar danshi ta hanyar danshin ciyar aukuwa m kakin zuma Layer. A rashin goyon baya a cikin iska, da bambanci ga ruwa ya sa da samuwar wani isasshe m jiki, canja manufa na shuka numfasawa, gas musayar. Zafin jiki da kuma biochemical yanayi sun zama mabanbanta, da kuma shuke-shuke sun samu nasarar saba da su. Ka yi la'akari da wannan labarin da rai sake zagayowar na mosses.

Mene ne gansakuka?

Mosses - wani rukuni na zamanin d kwayoyin. A cewar wasu zaton, su ne magabatan da a halin yanzu data kasance terrestrial shuke-shuke. Ruwa a duniya tamu - tushen rai, wanda ya samo asali dukan abubuwa masu rai, ciki har da shuke-shuke. Game da 420 miliyan years ago zuriyar kore algae fara leƙo asirin ƙasar.

A mafi jinsin sunadaran irin wannan na'urorin za a iya gano daga gansakuka. Alal misali, babban sharadin nasara kiwo na algae ne gaban ruwa. Mosses ma iya haifa kawai ta wajen danshi.

A rayuwa ta sake zagayowar na mosses ne sosai ban sha'awa. Na dukan kungiyar na mafi girma shuke-shuke suna da mafi m kwayoyin. Bryophyta ko yada Moss iyali - a kwayar shuke-shuke, kusan bã tãre da conductive masana'anta. Saboda haka, girman wadannan kwayoyin ne sosai kananan - daga 1 mm zuwa 50 cm da gansakuka yana da wani tushen, suna a haɗe zuwa surface na duniya threadlike appendages, rhizoids, da tsire-tsire sha ruwa .. Rhizoids kunshi wani lokacin na sel guda. A bambanci a tushen sauran shuke-shuke da cewa suna da kwayar conductive zane. Sauran sassa na gansakuka jiki za a iya wajen bayyana a matsayin tushe da kuma ganye. Duk da haka, su ne ainihin quite kama da mai tushe da kuma ganyen sauran shuke-shuke a duniya a cikin tsarin.

Ina zuwa hadu?

Mosses sun samu nasarar saba da rayuwa a cikin da dama daga zafin jiki da kuma yanayin damina da kuma samu kusan a duk faɗin duniya, daga iyakacin duniya yankuna da yammacin sahara. Suna da kyau zama a cikin yanayi na high zafi - a cikin dazuzzuka, da duwãtsu. Akwai ma gansakuka da busassun wuraren. Survival mossy buga - ba za su iya jure sosai high yanayin zafi, har zuwa 70 digiri Celsius. A bushe canjin yanayin mosses saba fada a cikin wani na dakatar da tashin hankali hade da yanayi sauyin yanayi hawa da sauka. Lokacin da ruwan sama da dama da iska zazzabi aka saukar, kasar gona da aka moistened, da kuma gansakuka "rai", haifuwa sake zagayowar fara. La'akari da darajar da shawarwari a cikin rayuwar sake zagayowar na mosses.

The rai yanayi na mosses

Moss tsiro da kyau a wuraren da rashin hasken rana, misali a kogwanni, da kuma fasa crevices na dutse, shan wadanda muhalli maharibai inda ba su iya zama wasu shuke-shuke.

The kawai wuri inda gansakuka ba zai iya zama - shi ne Saline kasa a kusa da teku.

Unusually Hardy spores na mosses. Tare da iska za su iya tafiya mai nisa. Viability na spores kasance shekaru da dama.

Mosses tara gwaji reserves danshi, don haka amfani da su ne tsari na ruwa balance na wani wuri mai faɗi. Saboda haka, ga al'ummar yanayin kasa gansakuka ne muhimmiyar. Bugu da kari, ga wasu jinsunan, da gansakuka ne mai babbar abinci Madogararsa.

A ƙasa a yau, akwai game da 30,000 jinsunan mosses. Masana kimiyya rarraba wadannan shuke-shuke a kan ilimin halittar jiki, tsarin da hanyoyin da spore capsules yada spores.

Mosses iya haifa biyu da spores da kuma vegetatively. A rayuwa ta sake zagayowar na mosses aka mamaye jima'i kan asexual tsara.

Masu raunin juriya mosses ko briopsidy

Wannan shi ne wani wajen manyan aji na shuke-shuke, wanda aka wakilta 15 dubu jinsunan mosses. Suna da tsananin bambancin a cikin bayyanar, size da kuma siffar. Wannan inji ne mai zangarniya rufe ganye da aka shirya spirally a kusa da tushe. A mafi muhimmanci mataki na ci gaba ne da ake kira gametophyte. Hanyar kiwo leafy mosses - spores. Mafi sau da yawa, wadannan tsire-tsire da ake samu a damp wurare, swamps da tundra. Kukushkin Rama da peat gansakuka - ne na hali wakilan briopsidov.

hanta mosses

Liverworts wakilta biyu subclasses: jungermanniales da marshantsievye. Wadannan tsire-tsire ne ma yalwatacce - 8500 jinsunan. Kamar dai katako gansakuka gametophyte - mafi girma mataki na su viability. A shuka kanta ne a lokacin farin ciki tushe da ganye, wanda ake located tare da kara. Hanyar haifuwa - rigingimu wanda aka rarraba ta hanyar wani na musamman na'urar, wani irin "marẽmari", da ake kira elaters. Wadannan shuke-shuke suna da kyau kafa a gumi na wurare masu zafi da kuma temperate canjin yanayin. Daga cikin wakilan - marchantia polymorphic, ptilidium ciliated, blefarostroma volosolistnaya, da sauransu.

Antotserotovye mosses

Wannan aji ba haka ba ne da yawa, da kuma shi ne ya wakilci da 300 jinsunan shuke-shuke. Sporophyte - mafi muhimmanci mataki a cikin rayuwar sake zagayowar da shuka. Duba antotserotovye mosses kamar thallus - a jiki wanda ba a karya up cikin tushen, kara da ganye. Girma wadannan mosses a gumi na wurare masu zafi gandun daji da kuma temperate zones. Antotseros - hankula wakilin wannan aji.

KUKUSHKINA flax rai sake zagayowar za a iya bayyana a kasa. Moss Kukushkin flax - shi ne mai perennial shuka. Its tsari ne mai kyau-ɓullo da tsarin. A farko a kwance tushe na ruwan kasa ganye da kuma ba tare da sakandare zangarniya, a tsaye a mike, branched ko guda.

A sakandare kara an rufe tare da duhu kore matsananci, kamar wani AWL, leaflets. Wadannan tushe iya isa wani tsawo na 10-15 cm zuwa 40 cm. The ƙananan ganye ne flakes. A shuka yana da m conductive tsarin wanda yake iya motsi ruwa, da kuma ma'adanai da ganye tare da kara. Its rhizoids iya isa a tsawon kusan 40 cm.

wuri na girma na gansakuka Kukushkin flax

Kukushkin flax sprouts yawanci da kyau a rigar yankunan, swamps, rigar natsuwa da spruce gandun daji, yana son sunshine. A bude wuraren da shi ne na girma sosai karfi, kamawa duk sabon ƙasa. Its mai tushe ne don haka m "kunsa" gona da cewa da tsaba wasu shuke-shuke girma ba. Wannan inji ne niyya ta felling na gandun daji ko conflagration. Wannan gansakuka ne musamman da kyau garwaya da ruwa. Yawa daga shuke-shuke rike danshi a cikin ƙasa. Saboda wannan akwai ruwa gizo yankunan.

Mutane sun dade amfani da wannan shuka a matsayin hita. Caulk da taimakon garun log gidaje. Wani lokaci amfani da wani magani ganye for colds.

Kukushkin flax ne da hannu a cikin samuwar peat. Wannan shi ne mai muhimmanci da taki, mai kyau albarkatun kasa domin sinadaran masana'antu.

A rayuwa ta sake zagayowar na mosses Kukushkin Len

Moss Kukushkin flax - wani iri guda ba shuka. Wannan sabon abu, a lokacin da mutum mai tushe na daya shuka suna kafa akasin jima'i gabobin - namiji da mace.

Kukushkin flax ci gaba da cikin sãɓãwar biyu da al'ummomi - asexual da kuma jima'i. Sporophyte - a gansakuka rai sake zagayowar, sakamakon wani asexual cell samuwar. Sun ƙunshi wani diploid sa na chromosomes. Gametophyte - daban-daban rai sake zagayowar na daya shuka, wanda culminates a cikin samuwar gametes, jam sel dake dauke da guda ɗaya kawai sa na chromosomes - haploid.

Yanzu na fahimci dalilin da ya sa a cikin rayuwar sake zagayowar na mosses aka mamaye jima'i kan asexual tsara.

Kwalaye da rigingimu, bisa ga mutane, kamar cuckoo zaune a kan wani iyakacin duniya. A janar bayyanar gansakuka Kukushkin flax yayi kama da dada shuka flax, daga abin da samun da sunan. Thin hairs a kan tafiya, ya rufe akwatin da rigingimu, suna kuma kama da lilin yarn.

Box kanta kunshi dama sassa - urnochku, wani wuyansa, kuma hula. Ciki shi ne karamin shafi. Yana kawai ya ƙunshi bakararre Kwayoyin, wanda haifar da rage rabo haploid spores girma. Urnochka zobe ƙare. Bayan kammala ripening tsari ne mai zobe na iska buga urnochku sauƙi raba daga tushe da kuma hula. Rigingimu fada a ƙasa, da kuma inji shi ne wani muhimmin rai sake zagayowar fara sake.

Moss rai sake zagayowar mataki

Asexual spores a lokacin "maturation" ne haploid spores (dauke da rabin wani sa na chromosomes) a sakamakon tsaye ba, saukarwa division.

Lokacin da ƙasa samun rigar haploid spores, sa'an nan sai ta fara tsiro, kafa proton - filamentous predrostok. Daga shi kafa gametophyte - namiji ne ko kuwa mace.

A da na fi daban-daban tushe, gametophytes Kukushkin Rama da ci gaba antheridia archegonium - namiji da mace jima'i gabobin. A archegonium balagagge kwai, da kuma antheridium - biflagellate maniyyi. Azahiri namiji shuke-shuke da manyan ganye yellowish-kasa-kasa a kan saman. A mace da shuke-shuke, irin ganye ne mãsu fakowa ba.

Domin nasara hadi bukata danshi droplets cewa suna canjawa wuri daga ma'ana ga antheridium archegonia inda kwai located. Wannan tsari yawanci inganta karfi ruwan sama ko raɓa su zubo.

A sakamakon hadewar da maniyyi da kwai a saman mace shuka Forms diploid zygote. Daga shi ke tsiro da wani sabon ƙarni na wannan shuka, da sporophyte ko sporogonia. Kuma tana wakiltar sporangium-akwatin a cikin abin da girma spores.

Mun sake nazari da jerin matakai na rayuwa sake zagayowar na gansakuka.

A tsarin da gansakuka Kukushkin flax

mosses jiki tsarin kama da algae, kamar yadda kuma ya kunshi thallus. Duk da haka, shi yana iya yi a tsarin kamã da tushe da kuma ganye. Domin gona ne a haɗe, ta hanyar rhizoids. Wadannan shuke-shuke suna iya mamaye ruwa da kuma ma'adanai rhizoids ba kawai kai tsaye, amma kuma dukan jiki.

Darajar gansakuka a cikin yanayi

A general, mosses - wani m bangaren na muhalli tsarin na duniya tamu. A rayuwa ta sake zagayowar na mosses halin da sake zagayowar na sauran mafi girma shuke-shuke. Su tsira da kyau a kan matalauta ƙasa gina jiki. Zauna da waɗanda wuraren da suka halartar m adam tasirin. Kamar wancan shirya a ƙasa domin sabuntawa. Bayan duk, otmiraya gansakuka Forms amfani gona substrate, wanda zai baya girma sauran shuke-shuke.

Mosses - ne Manuniya na gurbacewar muhalli, musamman da yanayi. Saboda wasu jinsunan gansakuka ba girma a wuraren da iska an wuce da taro na sulfur dioxide. By babu a cikin gargajiya habitats na wasu jinsunan gansakuka za a iya hukunci a kan iska gurbatawa. Duk da haka, kamar yadda mosses nuna canje-canje a cikin kasa, kuma yafi.

Mosses ƙaunar da m balance a permafrost yankuna, ya kange ƙasa daga rana ta haskoki. Kamar haka ceton, muhalli sikẽli.

Yanzu, idan ka aka tambaye shi: "Ka kwatanta rai sake zagayowar daga cikin gansakuka," sa'an nan ka iya yi da shi.