A tsarin da tsuntsu kwai: makirci, musamman

Oocytes (qwai) ne yawanci tayi irin na dabba ko kwai. Nazarin su kulla oology - musamman sashe na ilmin dabbobi.

janar bayanai

Da girmansu iya zama daban-daban. Alal misali, a cikin linzamin kwamfuta oocyte girman game 0.06 mm, amma diamita daga cikin tayi tsari na Afirka jimina iya isa 15-18 santimita. A tsari na iya zama daban-daban. Amma yawanci qwai ne mai siffar zobe ko m, a siffar. Wasu abubuwa masu rai, ba za su iya zama oblong, elongated, kamar alfadarai kifi, hagfish ko kwari. Dangane da mataki da kuma rarraba da na gina jiki a cikin oocyte ne m da size da sauran halaye. Jari gwaiduwa (na d? Kiya), ko kuma dauki matsayin m taro, ko a pellet form. Dangane da wannan, masana raba da oocytes a daban-daban. Kan aiwatar da hadi ne da za'ayi a cikin sama rabo daga oviduct. A cikin shakka daga wucewa ta cikin tashar auku oocyte crushing. Wannan tsari fitowa ta m discoid irin. Saboda gaskiya cewa, kawar da daukan wuri riga a farkon na oviduct a cikin tsuntsaye kwai ajali iya kasance a kan daya daga cikin crushing saukarwa (kamar kurciya) je gastrulation (a matsayin kaza).

Bird ta kwai

Mãtan dukkan jinsunan feathered fauna sa oocytes. Jinsuna daban sa qwai da daban-daban siffofi. Wannan shi ne saboda wuri inda za ka iya kwanciya. Alal misali, idan da Ramin da aka shirya a cikin rijiyoyin ko rami, da qwai ne zagaye. A cikin tsuntsaye, wanda masonry aka located a kan wani m promontory, da oocytes zai zama oblong. Kullum, da ya fi girma da tsuntsu, da girma da girman da qwai. Amma a cikin wannan mulkin akwai ban. Alal misali, brood jinsunan ɗiyansa daga wanda aka saba da nan da nan kai-ciyar, sa qwai cewa ne ya fi girma (dangi da mace jiki) fiye da wanda aka haifa kajin wanda ya bayyana m. A rabo daga cikin taro na oocyte to jiki nauyi a karamar jinsunan sau da yawa ta fi ta fi girma jinsuna. An yi imani da cewa mafi girma kwai kayansa mãsu Afirka jimina. Dangi da jiki nauyi da fukin tsuntsu wakilin oocyte shi ne 1% na jiki nauyi. Amma nauyin hummingbird kwai ne 6% na nauyin da tsuntsãye.

Wasu tsarin fasali na kaji qwai

A tsuntsaye da suke zaune a mountainous yankunan, da oocytes ne "hakarkarinsa" kamar stiffeners. Su zama dole a kiyaye da mutunci da kwai, don haka ba su da karya a lokacin da tsuntsãye kasa a cikin gida, wanda yana da wani karamin yanki. Ya kamata Mezhuyev zato ba tsammani, shi ne lura da cewa wannan gefe zai iya yin tsayayya da wani matsin lamba daga game da 40 kg / sq. cm, da kuma gefen inda shi ne ba ya nan - ba fiye da 2 kg / sq. cm. A surface daga cikin kwai ne m, ko da santsi, m, ko matt. A launi na iya zama wani iri, daga tsarki da fari zuwa duhu kore, da shunayya. A surface na qwai da wasu jinsin aka rufe da speckles, a wasu lokuta tasowa a yankin m baki buga} wai. A launi zai dogara ne a kan image da kuma nesting shafukan. Saboda haka, mutane da yawa a asirce kwai-kwanciya da tsuntsaye da m tsuntsaye da harsashi ne fari. A daidai wannan waɗanda suka bar kwanciya a ƙasa, da launi zama m muhalli yanayi: Yanã shigar da duwatsu ko shuka zane cewa Lines gida. Launi kwai samun wani mace a cikin haihuwa canal. Alal misali, biliverdin (pigment) a tare da tutiya ba a blue ko kore launi daga cikin kwai surface. Saboda protoporphyrin yana ja ko ruwan kasa launi, ko wani tabo na inuwa. Next, bari mu yi la'akari a cikin mafi daki-daki, ciki tsarin tsuntsu kwai.

The na'urar da oocyte

A tsarin da kaji da kwai yayi dace da makõma, ita. Yana ƙunshi dukan abin da suka zama dole domin samuwar kuma ci gaban da matasa kwayoyin. A kwai tayi ciyarwa a kan mahadi samu a cikin gwaiduwa. Wannan taro da aka wakilta, a iri biyu - fari da rawaya. Suna shirya a concentric yadudduka alternating. Gwaiduwa ne vitellinovoy membrane. An kewaye da gina jiki. A farkon matakai na raya kasa na kaji harsashi qwai cika sinadirai masu aiki. Protein, a Bugu da kari, kare da sabon kwayoyin daga lamba tare da harsashi. The sosai abun ciki na oocyte aka kewaye da biyu yadudduka podskorlupovymi: waje da ciki. La'akari da tsarin tsuntsu kwai, shi wajibi ne a ce 'yan kalmomi game da mafi harsashi. Ya kunshi da farko na alli carbonate. A kan m gefen oocyte bayan kwanciya na iska jam'iyya ne kafa a hankali.

gwaiduwa

La'akari da tsarin tsuntsu kwai, wanda makirci ne da aka nuna a kasa, ya kamata a ce cewa deytoplazma (gwaiduwa) ne na game bangaren na ciki abinda ke ciki na oocyte. Gwaiduwa taro ya ƙunshi dukan zama dole abubuwa da samar da wutar lantarki da kuma al'ada ci gaban da kwayoyin. Deytoplazma gano a cikin kwai ba kawai tsuntsaye, amma kuma ga sauran dabbobi (da mutane), kuma shi ne mai tarin records ko hatsi, a wasu lokuta, tattara abubuwa masu kyau cikin wani m taro. The adadin gwaiduwa, kazalika da ta rarraba iya zama daban-daban. Lokacin da wani karamin adadin hatsi deytoplazmy ko faranti rarraba gaba ɗaya a cikin cytoplasm. A wannan yanayin da muke magana game da "izoletsitalnyh" qwai. Tare da babban adadin gwaiduwa aka gyara ko tara a cikin tsakiyar yankin na cytoplasm - ko a kusa da tsakiya a wani vegetative ɓangare na oocyte. A cikin farko idan mun yi magana da tsentroletsitalnyh, yayin da na biyu - telolecithal qwai. A daidai da girma da kuma mataki na rarraba da gwaiduwa nauyi da aka saita da irin crushing oocytes. A sunadarai tsarin tsuntsu kwai samar da iri uku deytoplazmy. Gwaiduwa iya zama carbohydrate, mai ko gina jiki. Amma yawanci, yawancin mutane da gwaiduwa aka gyara sun hada da, baicin sama mahadi, ma'adanai, pigments, ribonucleic acid, da ciwon haka wani hadadden tsarin. Saboda haka, misali, a gama kaza oocyte girma yana kunshe ne a cikin gwaiduwa na tsaka tsaki mai 23%, furotin - 16%, 1.5% cholesterol, phospholipids - 11%, da kuma 3% ma'adinai mahadi. The kira da kuma jari na gwaiduwa bangaren shi ne hannu na daban-daban da wasu gabbansa: da mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi hadaddun. Kira na da gwaiduwa gina jiki bangaren tsarin a dabbobin da yawa yakan faru a waje da kwai. By pinocytosis gina jiki bangaren da ke shiga cikin wani tasowa kwai.

Sauran abubuwa oocyte tsarin

All membranes Hana yada, bushewa da kuma lalacewar da kwai. Amma ba su samar da zama dole danshi ga wani girma kwayoyin. An kafa extraembryonic gabobin. A musamman, wadannan sun hada da ruwa (ko amniotic) harsashi. Saboda da iyaka amnion rami, wanda aka cika da ruwa, inda, a gaskiya, masu tasowa, kwayoyin. Tare da ruwa biyu mafi yadudduka suna kafa: da jijiyoyin bugun gini da serosal (ko allantois). A tsuntsaye da dabbobi masu rarrafe, wannan Layer ne sashin jiki kasafi da numfashi. Daga cikin kwai ga m da kaifafan gefuna da qwai tashi chalaza - m gina jiki Twisted strands. Suna bayar da barga matsayi na core, hana hijirar daga tsakiyar matsayi.

harsashi

Nazarin tsarin da tsuntsu na qwai, kamata fadada a kan yadudduka kẽwayen tsakiya. A mafi m Layer ne mai wuya harsashi. Yana da quite m, kuma ya aikata aikin kare kan inji lalacewar da mummunan tasiri na waje muhalli. A karkashin halin yanzu podskorlupovye harsashi casing. A m karshen su diverge da kuma samar da wani iska jam'iyya. Ya ƙunshi oxygen, wanda wajibi ne ga numfashi sabon kwayoyin.

trophic oocytes

Akwai irin qwai, wanda ake da za'ayi a cikin wani tsari dafa abinci ayyuka ga ƙarshe. Kamar yadda mai mulkin, suka neoplodotvoreny, kuma su bayyanar shi ne kusan babu daban-daban daga saba. Da mãtan sa wasu tururuwa da tururuwan da mahaifa har irin wannan lokaci kamar yadda mallaka fara samar da isasshen abinci. Unfertilized oocytes nama da kwai kaza da kwai breeds a wasu lokuta kuskure ake magana a kai a matsayin trophic, saboda ana amfani da su ci ba da tsuntsaye, da kuma mutane da kuma wani lokacin dabbobi.