Abin da ƙungiyar taurari ne: sunayen, halayyar. jerin masaukai

Neman a dare sama kamar yadda wani yaro, mu yi kokarin fahimtar abin da suke da taurari. Mu ne sha'awar da sunan, ya samar da wata siffa da taurari, amma ba da definition manufar "ƙungiyar taurari". A halin yanzu, ko da matsayin manya, ba mu da yaushe fahimci abin da gaske ya ta'allaka ne a baya da wannan saba kalma.

tsinkaya

A sararin tashi a sarari, ba zai isa wani daga cikin data kasance wani sarari suKe alamu. Dalilin wannan shi ne cewa taurari a baya shi alama a gare mu, a kan wannan jirgin sama, a gaskiya, suka rabu da juna sau da yawa a kan babban nisa. Constellation ne mai tsinkaya na raba yanki na cikin wani sarari suKe Sphere da duk sarari abubuwa armashi a kanta.

A kadan tarihi

Hasashe na abin da masaukai ne, ya bambanta, a daban-daban ƙarni. Yau emit 88 wani sarari suKe images, amma shi ya kasance ba ko da yaushe. Ancient masaukai kuma su sunayen streamlined da aka bayyana da Talomi ya yi cikin sanannen rubutun "Almagest". Ya jerin hada da 48 wani sarari suKe images. Duk da kansu, fãce wanda, sun kiyaye su da sunan ya zuwa yanzu. A manyan ƙungiyar taurari Argo (da jirgin na Argonauts) aka baya zuwa kashi uku karami: Keel, tsananin da Sail. Da farko, da na samaniya Figures, ya kira yau farko da aka bayyana hudu ƙarni kafin Talomi a 245 BC. e. Shin shi ma Greek - mawãƙi Aratus.

By bukatar gaba da data kasance jerin zo a lokacin da Babban binciken: alama a kan maps taurari bai taimake su kewaya da sararin teku. A karshen 16th karni matafiya Frederick de Houtman da Pieter Keyser shiga taurari a 12 more wani sarari suKe alamu. Daga cikinsu akwai mai Hawainiya, Phoenix, ta Kudu Hydra. Dozin masaukai kuma iya yanzu a iya samu a kan taswira na kudancin yammancin duniya daga sama.

A 1613 Peter Plantsius Zagayawar a kan su duniya da dama da sabon wani sarari suKe hotuna, da kuma a 1624-m, godiya ga German falakin, likita da lissafi Jakob Bartsch, sun kasance a ko'ina cikin duniyar kimiyya. Yau a kan taswira na sama zauna kawai biyu na su - Giraffe da Unicorn.

A karshe samuwar

List of masaukai a kan shi ba a kammala. Yan Gevely a cikin 17th karni ya kasaftawa bakwai gagarumi images (Sextant, Leo Ƙananan, Lizard, Shield, Lynx, Chanterelle, Canes Venatici). A na gaba, da 18th karni, mai taimako sanya, da kuma Nicolas-Lui De Lacaille. Ya nuna da taurari 17, ya kammala da samuwar jerin.

Duk da haka, wannan bai kawo karshen tarihin da taurari sunayen. Ancient wani sarari suKe Figures kokarin sau da dama ya sake suna, maye gurbin Greek gumãkanku, kuma heroes na Kirista tsarkaka. Wani lokacin da suka so su fuskanci daukakar Olympians mulki mutane da kuma soja shugabannin. Duk da haka, duk wadannan yunkurin kasance m.

iyakokin

By ƙarshen 18th karni karshe kafa wani zamani fahimtar abin da suke da taurari. Sunayen wani sarari suKe images kamar yadda fiye ko žasa da kafa. Abinda bar domin sanin iyaka.

Yau, a karkashin ƙungiyar taurari fahimta ba kawai musamman haske, da samar da wani recognizable silhouette. Yana hada da dukan "ƙasa" kusa da wadannan taurari. Masaukai rabu da iyaka, amince a shekarar 1935 bayan wani dogon haɗin gwiwar da dama shahararren ilmin Taurari.

m motsi

A cikin ƙungiyar taurari taswirar da aka ko ta yaya gyarawa, amma idan ka duba taurari duk dare, shi ne mai sauki lura cewa cikin wani sarari suKe Figures aka kullum motsi. Wasu mutane suna da motsi a kusa da wani na kowa cibiyar, yayin da wasu bayyana da baka da bace bayan da sararin sama. Wannan canji a matsayin an kira diurnal juyawa. Idan Kiyayewa ne a cikin Arewacin Hemisphere da yana fuskantar kudu, da taurari, a gare shi za ta motsa a kewaye iri na agogo shugabanci, tanã fita a gabas da kuma bace a yamma. A matsayin babban matsayin yiwu masaukai tashi sama kudancin sararin sama. Idan muka kiyaye da motsi na taurari, ta arewa, da hoton ne da ɗan daban-daban. Sashe na daga cikin haske ba ya wuce sararin sama, da kuma bayyana a da'irar a cikin sama. Its cibiyar da aka kira da arewa iyakacin duniya na duniya. An located kusa da Arewa Star.

A wannan yanayin, wannan haske batu ko da yaushe yakan kuma zaune saukar a wani wuri na musamman, sabanin da rãnã da watã, fitowar rana da kuma faɗuwar rana wurare da ake gudun hijira a kowace rana. Duniya tauraron dan adam da kuma rana-star "tafiya" daga daya ƙungiyar taurari zuwa wani. Saboda haka, da suka "ziyarci" da goma sha biyu wani sarari suKe alamu. A rana ta wuce ta hanyar ko'ina cikin shekara, da kuma Moon - a 27 tare da kananan rana. Marabtar "gida" suka riƙi rana-star na kowane watanni goma sha biyu, har waɗansu masaukai da'irar.

Pillars ilmin bokanci

Watakila, kowa ya san abin da masaukai na Zodiac akwai. Yana da ban sha'awa cewa samaniya juna, wanda shine rana ta musamman, a wata wata, an ko da yaushe boye daga viewer, kuma akwai kawai watanni shida baya.

Ãyõyin cikin Zodiac da aka sani zuwa ga mutãne, na dogon lokaci. Wasu daga cikin su sunayen busa har yanzu a Mesafotamiya, shimfiɗar jariri, da daya daga cikin na farko wayewar. The kalmar "Zodiac" na Greek asalin: zodiakos fassara a matsayin "dabba." Goma sha biyu masaukai samun su da sunan daga gaskiyar cewa mafi yawan su kama dabbobi.

Zodiac rufe ba kawai kewayewa da watã, amma kuma duk da taurari da rana da tsarin. An located a wani kwana ga wani sarari suKe ekweita da intersects da maki biyu m ga vernal da autumnal equinoxes.

celestial iyakacin duniya

Akwai hanyoyi daban-daban don amsa tambaya, abin da su ne masaukai. Masana ilmin sun ga su tabbatar da dalilin sun ɓullo da wani musamman tsarin na tsarawa. Mun riga mun ambata da Arewa iyakacin duniya na duniya. Yana da sauki zaton cewa akwai wani Kudu ishãra zuwa da ƙungiyar taurari na Kudancin Cross. Kuma inda ne iyakacin duniya da kuma ekweita akwai. A daidaita tsarin, gina shi a cikin sama, akwai karkatar (latitud, nesa ga ekweita), da kuma yancin hawan Yesu zuwa sama (Longitude).

Mazauna ya wuce ta wasu masaukai: Orion, Pisces, Keith, Taurus, Eridan, Sextant Eagle, Unicorn, Hydra, Schlangenträger, Small kare, Leo, Aquarius, Maciji. A peculiarity na wadannan wani sarari suKe Figures ne samuwa domin sa idanu kusan ko ina a duniya. Wannan shi ne zai yiwu saboda wurin da masaukai.

arewa

Akwai da dama sukayi fassara da supplementing mu fahimtar game da abin da ya faru ƙungiyar taurari. All cikin wani sarari suKe Figures ya kasu kashi na ga Arewa ko Kudancin yammancin duniya daga sama.

List of masaukai na Arewa Hemisphere hada da hotuna na uku Gemini, Aries kuma Cancer. Su kuma sun hada da na sama da zane na dabbobi: Big da Little Dipper, dabbar dolfin, dragon, raƙumin dawa, Canes Venatici, Swan, Chanterelle, Little doki da Little Lion, Lynx da lizard. Daga cikin masaukai na arewacin yammancin duniya, a can ne mai suna bayan haruffa a zamanin d mythology: coma Berenices, Andromeda, Cepheus, Perseus, Pegasus, Hercules, Cassiopeia, Bootes, kuma denoting abubuwa: lira, Sextant, Kibiya, Bamuda.

A wani gefen na Duniya

Yanzu bari mu ga abin da masaukai ne bayyane ga Kiyayewa a kudancin yammancin duniya. Mafi yawa daga cikin wani sarari suKe Figures suna suna bayan matattun abubuwa da su sassa: bagaden, kamfas, abinci, Kiel, madubin, kwano, Norma, Octant, kawo nesa kusa, famfo, abun yanka, Sail, makera, tashar wutar lantarki, kamfas, Agogon, Shield, Southern Crown, Southern Cross da kuma kudancin Bamuda. Daga cikin alamun da zodiac zuwa kudancin masaukai ne Capricorn, Scorpio da Sagittarius. Na mythical haruffa a nan shi ne kawai Phoenix, kuma Cepheus, amma akwai artists (sculptor da kuma zane-zane) da kuma wani wakilin jama'a (Native American), kazalika da embodiment na mu'ujiza yanayi (Mensa). Mutane da yawa a nan, kuma dabbobi: Big Kare, Crow, Dove, Wolf, yawo, Gold da kuma Kudu Kifi, Crane, Rabbit, Bird Aljanna, Tsuntsun Makka, Fly, Toucan, Hawainiya, ta Kudu Hydra.

Hunturu da kuma bazara

A wannan amsar zabin da tambaya, abin da yake cikin ƙungiyar taurari, ba m. Wani manufa na rarrabuwa - watau shekarar da ta samaniya juna ne mafi kyau kiyaye. Bayan duk, rani, hunturu, bazara da kaka, a kansa mamaye daban-daban images.

A watan Yuni, Yuli Agusta sama ado ƙungiyar taurari Cygnus, Lyra kuma Eagle, da haske da maki wanda ya samar da asterism Summer Bamuda. Wannan lokaci na shekara ne kuma akwai don tsayar Bootes, Corona Borealis, kamfas, Hercules da kuma 'yan wasu wani sarari suKe Figures.

A cikin hunturu, babu kasa da kyau sarari sama da kai fiye da a lokacin rani. A yamma a kan sararin sama bayyana da ƙungiyar taurari Orion. Its sauki sami uku mai haske dige sahu a jere. Wannan asterism Orion ta Belt. Kasa kuma dan kadan da dama shi ne Rigel, mafi shahararren taurari a wannan wani sarari suKe adadi. Idan bel ne m zuwa hagu da kuma saukar, to, da layin nan da sannu zã abuts Shi'ira Alpha Canis Major da haske star a dukan sararin sama. Dukansu manyan da kananan kare ma nema zuwa hunturu masaukai. A wasu karshen layi wucewa ta cikin Orion bel abuts kan Aldebaran game da Taurus.

A kaka da kuma bazara

A karshen lokacin rani ne tare da wani canji na babban masaukai na sama. Yanzu, shi ne mafi kyau ga zama a bayyane Kifi, Cassiopeia da Andromeda. Ko da yake haske ne mafi ƙaranci daga gare Orion da Swan, suka yi ado sama ne ba m da ma cancanci da hankali.

Spring headroom ne hasken taurari na Big Dipper, Leo, Virgo, Bootes. Hakika, su ne bayyane, kuma a wasu lokuta, amma shi ne spring - lokacin da suka "sarautar" a cikin sama.

Main masaukai da sunayen taurari sani a gare mu tun tsufa. Tun daga nan, su lissafin da aka supplemented da modified. List na 88 wani sarari suKe images - wani iyakarsa amsar tambayar, abin da su ne masaukai. Sunayensu ba wani tunani na lokacin bayyanar wadannan gagarumi Figures a cikin sama taswira. Saboda haka, kusan duk yanci haruffa haskaka a zamanin d ¯ a Girka da kuma Roma. Mafi yawa daga cikin saba dabbobi zuwa na zamani mutum, kazalika da silhouettes da m mutane da daban-daban na'urorin - da sakamakon sake tunani da star map a cikin 17-18 karnoni. Search masaukai facilitates su dangane da wani sarari suKe ekweita da sandunan da duniya.