Abun da ake sakawa 'yan asalin for daban-daban da motoci: sauyawa, gyara, da kafuwa

Cranking abun da ake sakawa crankshaft daga cikin na kowa tsanani engine lalacewa. Yana ba ya haifar da ta maye ba, amma da tasiri a kan wasan kwaikwayon. Next, la'akari da siffofin da ka'idodinta aiki na abun da ake sakawa, kazalika da sauyawa daga 'yan asalin abun da ake sakawa.

definition

'Yan asalin abun da ake sakawa - motor abubuwa ne da aka nuna zamiya bearings domin iyakance axial hijirar na crankshaft da kuma juya da crank mujallolin a Silinda block.

manufa na aiki

The zane na abin hawa da aka bi da yawa juyawa abubuwa. 'Yanci na juyawa bayar da aikace-aikace na zahiri. Mafi dauke da lodi motor juyawa kashi ne crankshaft. Saboda haka, an kuma saka a kan bearings, tare da mafi yawan amfani da zamiya bearings. Modern cikakken bayani game da irin wannan ne karfe zanen gado tare da wani antifriction shafi. Yana abun da ake sakawa cikin tushen.

The iri abun da ake sakawa

Bugu da kari, akwai 'yan asalin a haɗa sanda bearings. Wajibi ne a rarrabe tsakanin su.

Fãce secondary abun da ake sakawa suna bayar da annular GROOVES. Details na wani talakawan support fadi wasu. Total irin abun da ake sakawa 10: 4 da wani tsagi 6 da babu. A Silinda gidaje da aka saka a grooved sako-sako da ganye m da kuma daya ba tare da ta uku. Sauran saka a cikin tushen hula.

Danganta sanda bearings na diamita kasa. Su ne guda size, don haka ne m, kuma suna da wani circumferential GROOVES. The Saka sanda da aka saka da wani budewa a murfi da kuma ba tare da.

musamman siffofin

Kit 'yan asalin abun da ake sakawa a muhallinsa a cikin wani ajali matsayi a wani wuri na musamman da ake kira gado. Da bukatar gyarawa shigarwa saboda dalilai biyu. Da fari dai, wasu daga cikin abun da ake sakawa da wani rami na mai, da kuma su dole ne a hade tare da kama tashoshi a cikin gadaje. Na biyu, shi damar domin gogayya sassa na shirye domin wannan dalili saman.

Features na aiki

A aiki, engine liners ne batun m danniya saboda da juna gogayya da wadannan sassa. Saboda haka, kafa tushen abun da ake sakawa dole ne a kafa sandararru su hana hijirar na juyawa crankshaft. Don yin wannan, su dauki matakai:

• Da fari dai, la'akari da gogayya halaye dauke sassa, wanda bayyana kanta a matsayin suka slide da juna a karkashin load. Da darajar da aka ƙaddara da gogayya coefficient da darajar da kaya a kan hulda sassa. Saboda haka, don tabbatar da m riƙewa abun da ake sakawa kamata su rage daukan hotuna da crankshaft. A saboda wannan dalili, rage gogayya coefficient ta hanyar yin amfani da antifriction abu, wanda aka yi amfani da su da farfajiya na abun da ake sakawa.
• Abu na biyu, 'yan asalin abun da ake sakawa suna gudanar mechanically a ƙasa. A saboda wannan dalili, hanyoyi guda biyu. Wadannan abubuwa ana saka tare da wani tsangwama Fit, saka na gaskiya. Bayan haka, kowace daga cikinsu yana da wani ƙarin kashi kira tendril, bauta kuma rike.

girma

Overall sigogi bukatar su sani cewa, samar da tightness, daidai shigar da tushen abun da ake sakawa. Girman wadannan abubuwa suna zaba bisa diamita daga cikin gado. By wannan siga abun da ake sakawa kasu kashi size kungiyoyin, da nadi na wanda yake kunshe a cikin sa alama.

A girman da tushen abun da ake sakawa cikin crankshaft ne zuwa kashi maras muhimmanci da kuma gyare-gyare. Akwai hudu size gyara tare da wani bambanci na 0.25 mm. Suna amfani da shi, idan maye ne da za'ayi domin a goge crankshaft daidai da ta size.

Sanadin tabarbarewar

Kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, lokacin da engine da engine m shafi frictional karfi kullum Ayyukan Manzanni jinyar to kau da shi daga asalin wuri. A cikin na farko a jihar a dace ƙarfi engine sassa da aka tsara tare da wani gefe, domin yin tsayayya irin wannan lodi. Domin ikon raka'a har zuwa 200 lita. wani. irin ƙarfin lantarki a kan Saka kewayon daga 0.1 zuwa 1 kgf. Its girma ne na gwargwado ga load karfi a akai gogayya coefficient.

Bayan abun da ake sakawa m kare a cewa a cikin aiki yanayin na ruwa gogayya. Wannan aka samu da yin amfani da man fetur, wanda halitta da wani fim tsakanin shaft wuyansa, kuma da aiki surface na Saka. Kamar wancan kyan gani, abubuwa suna kare daga kai tsaye lamba, da kuma m frictional karfi aka samu. mai fim samuwar kudi ne m da juna hijirar na shafa sassa. Tare da ta ƙara hydrodynamic gogayya kara yanayin. Wannan kalma yi kara a yadda ya dace da wani tightening film rata da kuma ƙara da kauri a matsayin sakamako. Duk da haka, tare da kara adadin generated zafi da gogayya kuma qara gudun sassa, sabili da haka da man fetur da zazzabi ƙaruwa. Wannan results a cikin wani karfi thinning, inda fim kauri rage-rage. Saboda haka, domin hazaƙar aiki dole ne ka cimma wata daidaituwa tsakanin review tsari.

A hali na take hakkin da mutuncin mai film gogayya coefficient ƙaruwa. Saboda haka, da cranking karfin juyi samar da crank shaft ne ta ƙara, ko da a karkashin wani m load.

Duk da haka, wani lokacin akwai da baya da halin da ake ciki, a lokacin da ya karu a kan kowane dalili load gubar zuwa wani akan rage man fim kauri. Har ila yau, a sakamakon kara yawan zafin jiki, musamman ma a cikin gogayya zone. Saboda haka, da man shafawa da aka liquefied, da kara rage kauri.

Wadannan matakai na iya zama juna da kuma bayyana tare. Wancan ne, daya daga cikinsu na iya zama sakamako na sauran.

Saboda haka, a lokacin da cranking danko na man da aka muhimmanci shafi. A dangane tsakanin wadannan dalilai ne kai tsaye na gwargwado, cewa shi ne, da hakan shi ne, da girma da gogayya da karfi. Bugu da kari, a lokacin da high danko mai sandan ƙaruwa. Duk da haka, a lokacin da ya wuce kima danko mai ba kawota a isa yawa a cikin gogayya zone, don haka da cewa kauri daga cikin man fetur sandan da aka rage. A sakamakon haka, da sakamako daga mai danko a kan juyawa daga cikin abun da ake sakawa ba za a iya ƙaddara ainihin. Saboda haka, shan la'akari sauran dukiya daga cikin kayan: lubricity, wanda yana nufin da ƙarfin da hada guda biyu tare da aiki surface.

A coefficient na gogayya ne m da lissafi daidaici da roughness na tuntužar saman, da kuma gaban a man shafawa na waje barbashi. A cikin yanayin gaban barbashi a cikin maiko ko surface magudi daga cikin fim da aka gaji da damuwa, sakamakon wasu yankunan da aka nuna gauraye gogayya yanayi. Haka kuma, wadannan dalilai bayyana mafi tsanani a farkon aiki na abin hawa idan akwai hutu-a lokacin guda, don haka gogayya sassa a cikin wannan lokaci ne musamman m ga danniya.

Bugu da kari, 'yan asalin liners crankshaft an juya su saboda kasa ƙoƙari, rike da su a gado. Yana iya zama saboda da shigarwa na wani jahilci, ko kuma zama sakamakon lalacewa da tsagewa a sakamakon tasirin cranking karfin juyi.

cranking liners

Sau da yawa akwai korar 'yan asalin abun da ake sakawa da kafuwa WURAREN crankshaft (cranking). Wannan na iya zama saboda da rage kutse, da rikewa sassa kyan gani, a gado, a ƙarƙashin rinjayar na sama dalilai, da kuma daya daga cikin antennae ne kasa rike.

Rushewa daga gado yan asalin abun da ake sakawa za a iya ƙaddara da dalilai kamar kurãme karfe darkãke a lokacin engine aiki da kuma matsa lamba saukad da a lubrication tsarin.

gyare-gyare

Don maye gurbin 'yan asalin abun da ake sakawa bukata sets na wrenches da screwdrivers da wani mic. Gyara 'yan asalin abun da ake sakawa hada da dama ayyukan.

• Da farko, kana bukatar ka samar da damar yin kasa na mota. Wannan shi ne, dole ne ka shigar da shi a kan wani dubawa rami ko a kan wani dandamali.
• Tun da baturi fakitin an cire korau gubar tashoshi.
• Bugu da ari dismantling na engine mai kwanon rufi (wannan shi ne mafi sauki hanya don samun damar, za ka iya fara disassembly na saman da kuma rataya da engine).
• Bayan nan, da Silinda an cire daga raya na crankshaft mai hatimi mariƙin.
• Sai camshaft drive murfin an cire daga GASKET.
• An sa'an nan cire daga sprocket-crank kura sarkar.
• Bugu da ari, shi wajibi ne don yiwa juna tsari dangi zuwa qazanta iyakoki da kuma Silinda sanduna a kan su iyakoki.
• Sa'an nan key a cikin 14 spun a haɗa sanda hula kwaya da kuma cire shi daga shafi.
• Wadannan ayyukan suna maimaita ga duk sanduna.
• Bayan kammala na murfin an jũya zuwa sama.
• Sa'an nan ku fitar da tushen da kunne iyakoki da kuma a haɗa sanduna.
• Next, key a cikin 17 spun kusoshi na inuwõyi na m bearings na crankshaft.
• Da farko rarraba da murfin da na karshe na su.
• Yana bayar da damar yin amfani da m rabin zobe tsagi a raya na crankshaft bearings. Suna cire ta latsa iyakar bakin ciki sukudireba.
• Wadannan ayyukan suna maimaita ga sauran hali iyakoki. Kamar haka wajibi ne a rike da crankshaft. Ya kamata a lura cewa hula suna kaddamarda da lambobi, da kuma kirgawa daga crankshaft na sock.
• Sa'an nan aka cire daga casing.
• Farko a haɗa sanda abun da ake sakawa gano sa'an nan m sako-sako da crankshaft.
• Crankshaft bukatar duba ga lalacewa. Idan sun kasance ba, abu canji.
• Har ila yau, bincika a haɗa sanda da kuma tushen iyakoki da aunawa a micrometer. A samu data aka dangantaka da tabulated.
• Idan dole, kara sassa. A irin wannan yanayi dole ne a auna lissafi su gyara size abun da ake sakawa.
• Crankshaft tsarkake ta flushing da kananzir da kuma hurawa cavities.
• Sa'an nan ya kafa sabon hali bawo.
• A gado haifa biyar hali saka naci rabin zobba na GROOVES ga crankshaft.
• Next, duba yarda tsakanin wadannan sassa. A al'ada darajar aka dauke 0,06-0,26 mm. Idan shi ne fiye da 0,35 mm, yin amfani da wani zobe na ƙãra kauri.
• A crankshaft saka a cikin wani block baya greased.
• Sa'an nan Dutsen da qazanta iyakoki da kuma duba crankshaft juyawa yanci.
• Yana saita sandunansu, liners da inuwõyi.
• Sa'an nan Dutsen da man sump kwanon rufi.
• Sa'an nan shigar da crankshaft mariƙin tare da raya man fetur hatimi.
• A karshe, saita sauran cikakkun bayanai.
• A karshen tashin hankali daidaita da lokaci sarkar, bel janareta da kuma ƙonewa lokaci.