Aiki da tsarin platelets

Platelets, wanda aka tsara don magance kwatsam jini hasara, kira platelets. Su tara a wuraren tareda žata wani jini da kuma sanƙarar su da wani musamman toshe.

bayyanar faranti

tsarin platelets za a iya gani a karkashin wani hange. Sun yi kama da wani Disc, da diamita daga wanda dabam daga 2 zuwa 5 microns. A girma daga kowane daga cikinsu shi ne a kusa 5-10 microns ^3.

A da tsarin, da platelets ne wani hadadden mix. Ya aka wakilta microtubule tsarin, membranes, da wasu gabbansa da microfilaments. Modern fasahar tozartar yanke yaduwar-eagled farantin kashi biyu da kuma ware shi a yawan zones. Wannan shi ne yadda za su iya gane fasali na platelet tsarin. Kowane farantin kunshi dama yadudduka: da na gefe zone, da Sol-gel, kwayuka wasu gabbansa. Su kowane suna da nasu aikin da kuma manufa.

m Layer

A gefe yanki qunshi wani uku-Layer membrane. Platelet tsarin irin wannan cewa a cikin matsanancin gefen daga gare shi ne wani Layer wanda ya ƙunshi plasmatic dalilai da alhakin clotting na jini, musamman rabe da kuma enzymes. ta kauri ne kasa da 50 nm. Rabe na wannan platelet Layer ne ke da alhakin kunnawa da wadannan Kwayoyin, kuma su iya aiki domin mannewa (riko da subendothelium) da kuma tari (damar juna).

Har ila yau, phospholipid membrane qunshi musamman factor na 3 ko ake kira matrix. Wannan bangare ne ke da alhakin samuwar aiki coagulation gidaje tare da jini dalilai alhakin jini clotting.

Bugu da kari, shi ne arachidonic acid. Shi ne wani muhimmin bangaren da phospholipase A. Wannan shi ya ƙunshi cikin acid da ake bukata domin kira na prostaglandins. Su, bi da bi, suna yi nufi ga samuwar thromboxane A _2, wanda ake bukata don m platelet tari.

glycoproteins

platelet tsarin ba iyakance ta gaban m membrane. Its sia bilayer ne glycoproteins. Suna tsara su ɗaure platelets.

Saboda haka, glycoprotein I ne a tsoka mai amsa sigina wanda ke da alhakin abin da aka makala don subendothelial collagen wadannan jini Kwayoyin. Yana bayar da mannewa na platelets, yada su da kuma haxe su da wani gina jiki - fibronectin.

Glycoprotein II aka tsara don kowane irin platelet tari. Yana bayar da dauri na fibrinogen a cikin jini daga wadannan Kwayoyin. Shi ne ta hanyar wannan tsari ya ci gaba da unabated tari da kuma rage (karyata) na bunch.

Amma glycoprotein V for rike platelet fili. Ya aka hydrolyzed da thrombin.

Idan a ce Layer rage-rage platelet membrane glycoproteins daban-daban ciki, shi ya zama mai yi wa na ƙãra zub da jini.

A Sol-gel

Tare da biyu Layer platelet Located kasa da membrane, shi ne wani microtubule zobe. platelet tsarin a cikin jinin mutum ne cewa wadannan shambura ne na contractile na'ura. Saboda haka, a kan ruri daga wadannan faranti motsa zobe da aka matsa da granules zuwa cell cibiyar. A sakamakon haka, suna matsa. Duk wannan yana sa mugunya da abinda ke ciki a waje. Wannan shi ne yiwu godiya ga wani musamman tsarin na bude tubules. Wannan tsari shine ake kira "karkashin shugabancin tsakiya granules."

Tare da rage microtubule zobe kuma shi ya zama mai yiwuwa ta samar da pseudopods cewa kawai ni'ima da karuwa a tari ikon.

kwayuka wasu gabbansa

The uku Layer qunshi wani glycogen granules, mitochondria, α-granules, m jikinsu. Wannan ake kira da wasu gabbansa zone.

M gawarwakin dauke da ATP, ADP, serotonin, alli, adrenaline da noradrenaline. Dukansu suna da zama dole domin su iya yin aiki platelets. Tsarin da kuma aiki na wadannan Kwayoyin samar da mannewa da kuma rauni warkar. Saboda haka, ADP samar a lokacin da aka makala na platelets da jijiyoyin bugun gini ganuwar, shi ne kuma alhakin da cewa da ya ce farantin daga wurare dabam dabam na ci gaba da shiga cikin wadanda riga makale. Alli shirya tsanani da mannewa. Serotonin aka samar da sakewa platelet granule. Yana tabbatar a hutu jijiyoyin bugun gini takaita na lumen.

Alpha granules, da wasu gabbansa samu a yankin, taimakawa ga samuwar platelet aggregates. Su ke da alhakin ruri daga m tsoka girma, dawo da jirgin ruwa bango m tsoka.

Kan aiwatar da kafa Kwayoyin

Don magance cewa, abin da yake cikin tsarin da mutum platelets, kana bukatar ka fahimci inda suka zo daga da kuma yadda ake kafa. Aiwatar da su zargin an mayar da hankali a cikin bargo. An kasu kashi dama, saukarwa. Da farko kafa megakaryocyte mallaka kafa naúrar. Ga dama, saukarwa, ta an canza kama zuwa megakaryoblasts, promegakaryocyte da kuma kyakkyawan a cikin platelet.

Kowace rana, jikin mutum samar da tsari na 66.000 Kwayoyin da 1 l na jini. A cikin balagaggu mutum magani ya zama daga 150 zuwa 375, da yaro daga 150 zuwa 250 x 10 ⁹ / l platelets. Kamar wancan ne 70% na su circulating a kusa da jiki, yayin da 30% ana tara a cikin baƙin ciki. Idan ya cancanta, da jiki rage da kuma sake platelets.

asali ayyuka

Domin ya fahimci abin da jiki da ake bukata platelets, kadan fahimtar matsayin abin da musamman mutum platelet tsarin. Suna tsara da farko ga samuwar farko shambura, wanda dole ne rufe lalace jirgin ruwa. Bugu da kari, platelets samar da wani surface domin hanzarta da dauki na jini clotting.

Bugu da kari, an gano cewa, su ne suka zama dole domin farfadowa da waraka daga daban-daban lalace kyallen takarda. Platelets nuna ci gaban abubuwan, aka yi nufi ga ta da ci gaba da kuma division na lalace Kwayoyin.

Abin lura shi ne cewa ba za su iya sauri da kuma har abada motsa zuwa wani sabon jihar. A impetus ga su kunnawa iya zama wani muhalli canji, ciki har da wani sauki inji danniya.

musamman platelets

Rayuwa wadannan jini Kwayoyin dogon. A kan talakawan, lokacin da suka zama ne daga 6.9 zuwa 9.9 kwanaki. Bayan karshen wannan lokaci su hallaka. Amma, wannan tsari faruwa a cikin bargo, amma kuma ga wani karami har, shi ne a cikin baƙin ciki da kuma hanta.

Masana sun gano biyar daban-daban na jini platelets: matasa, balagagge, da haihuwa, kuma degenerative siffofin hangula. Yadda aka saba, jiki ya zama fiye da 90% na balagagge Kwayoyin. Kawai a cikin wannan harka da platelet tsari ne mai kyau, kuma za su iya yi duk da ayyuka a cika.

Yana da muhimmanci a gane cewa karu a maida hankali wadannan jini Kwayoyin ne cikin hanyar zub da jini da cewa da wuya a dakatar. An karuwa a cikin lambar da yake cikin hanyar thrombosis - bayyanar jini clots. Suna iya sanƙarar jini a daban-daban gabobin na jiki, ko gaba daya rufe su.

A mafi yawan lokuta, matsaloli daban-daban platelet tsarin ba ya canja. All cututtuka suna hade da canje-canje a cikin taro a cikin jinin tsarin. Karu a adadin su ne ake kira thrombocytopenia. Idan taro da aka kara, shi yana kira thrombocytosis. Idan ka karya na ayyuka na wadannan Kwayoyin suna kamu thrombasthenia.