Aikin gona waje Turai. Halayyar da aikin noma a kasashen waje a Turai

Duk da wasu gazawa a cikin ƙasa, albarkatun kasa da kasashen waje Turai ya iya kafa fairly sosai m aikin noma. A kasashen da wannan bangare na duniya ba ne kawai iya samar da abinci ga kansa, yawan, amma mafi yawansu ba su ne manyan exporters na shuka da dabbobi kayayyakin. Game da farko kansu, da ya fi ci gaba a cikin kasashen Turai shi ne kiwo da dabbobinku. A amfanin gona samar a cikin yankin da aka mamaye yankunan kamar lambu da kuma noma. Wasu kasashe su ne ma mafi girma exporters na hatsi, yafi alkama.

Aikin gona waje Turai: da rabo daga cikin aiki yawan

Bayan yakin duniya na biyu, manyan canje-canje da suka faru a cikin tattalin arzikin na jihohi a yankin. The rabo daga cikin aiki yawan aiki a aikin noma da ya rage muhimmanci. Yana da alaka da ci gaban sabon m samar da hanyoyin, kara jindadin da yawa wasu dalilai. Duk da haka, manyan bambance-bambance tsakanin kasashen a cikin wannan girmamawa da aka kiyaye. Alal misali, a cikin United Kingdom for 2005 a cikin m yanki na game da 1.4% na aiki yawan aka aiki a Portugal - 19%, a Romania - 42%. A irin wannan halin da ake ciki ta ci gaba a yau.

The main iri gudanarwa

Kwarewa, wanda zai iya zama girman kai na aikin gona a kasashen waje a Turai, shi ne subtropical aikin noma. The girma na shigo da kayayyakin abinci daga wannan ɓangare na duniya da ake yi wa 'ya'yan inabi, da' ya'yan itace, sukari da kuma ruwan inabi. Na biyu wuri ne shagaltar da kiwo dabba da kayayyakin - madara, nama, cuku, man shanu.

Saboda haka, babban iri noma a kasashen waje a Turai su ne kamar haka:

• Turai ta Tsakiya tare da wani predominance dabbobi (yafi madara) a cikin tsarin.
• Southern Turai tare da wani predominance na amfanin gona samar, mafi yawa subtropical.

Zaka kuma iya zažar da irin Eastern Turai da aikin noma, da yawa kasa na musamman. Wannan shiri ne halayyar da kasashen da tsohon gurguzu sansanin.

Turai ta Tsakiya irin

waje kasashen Turai tare da irin noma da kungiyoyin kware, yafi a nama da kiwo shanu waddan da kuma shuka girma kormoproizvodyaschem. Har ila yau quite muhimmanci ne podotroslyami kayan lambu girma da kuma girma a wadannan kasashe masana'antu amfanin gona.

dabbobi

A yammacin yankuna na Ingila, da arewa na Faransa da kuma Jamus, da Netherlands da Denmark da kuma Switzerland ake musamman da kyau-ɓullo da kiwo shanu. Man shanu, margarine, takaice madara da kuma cuku sa up wani babban ɓangare na shigo da kayayyakin abinci daga wadannan kasashe. A Jamus, Faransa, da Netherlands da kuma Denmark ne ma mai yawa albarkatun da hannu a cikin kiwo da kuma nama shanu da awaki da kaji. A mahimmin juzu'in a cikin m tsarin wadannan sub-sassa da kai a Birtaniya. A yankunan da matalauta forage tushe (Scotland, da Massif Tsakiya a Faransa, Pieniny) sami mai kyau ci gaban da gargajiya m tumaki.

Furfure

Agriculture kasashen waje a Turai, a lokacin da ta je arewacin da kuma yammacin yankuna, kamar yadda aka ambata, ya mayar da hankali, yafi a kan dabba husbandry. Amfanin gona samar a cikin kasashen na Turai ta Tsakiya irin kungiyar da shi yawanci taka wata sakandare rawar da aka mayar da hankali musamman a kan taimaka wa shanu kiwo da kuma alade noma. Biyu-fifths daga ƙasar wannan ɓangare na Turai ta waje shagaltar da natsuwa da makiyaya. A daidai wannan horar da kasa girma, yafi dankali, hatsin rai, hatsi da kuma fodder amfanin gona. Kwanan nan, duk da haka, amfanin gona samar a cikin kasashen da Turai ta Tsakiya irin management ne mafi zama m reshe. Ainihi, wannan za a iya dangana a Faransa. A lokacin, wannan jiha ne, misali, daya daga cikin mafi girma a shigo da alkama da sukari.

floriculture

Aikin gona waje Turai a arewacin da kuma kasashen yammaci yafi maida hankali ne a kan fodder amfanin gona. Duk da haka, a cikin wannan yankin akwai wani sosai-raya sub-kansu - floriculture. Yana kware a, yafi da Netherlands. Girma kwararan fitila, da itatuwa da kuma shrubs ornamental shuke-shuke a kasar sun fara wani dogon lokaci - fiye da shekaru 400 da suka wuce. A farko tulips aka kawo wa Netherlands daga Turkey. A wani gajeren span na lokaci a Holland da aka cire dubban iri da kuma irin wannan flower. A halin yanzu, Netherlands ne daya daga cikin mafi girma a kaya na ornamental shuke-shuke - tulips, wardi, chrysanthemums, daffodils, da dai sauransu - .. A cikin duniya.

Halaye na aikin gona da waje Turai: kudancin style

Ga ƙasashe da irin wannan shiri ne halin da specialization a shuka. Girma a cikin jihohin kudancin Turai, ciki har da hatsi. Duk da haka, mafi mashahuri ne amfanin gona, irin almonds, Citrus, da kayan lambu da 'ya'yan itãce. Zaki ya share na noma dauki inabi, da zaituni.

A mafi daukan hankali misalai na specialization a kudancin subtropical shũka dab da teku a cikin yankunan Spain da kuma Italiya. A karshen bautarka, misali, da farko wurin da tattara 'ya'yan inabi a duniya. A shekara-shekara girbi na kayan lambu a Italiya nawa to 14-15 ton miliyan na 'ya'yan itatuwa,' ya'yan itatuwa Citrus da inabi -. 18-18 ton miliyan a kudancin yankunan Spain da taimakon d ¯ Roman ban ruwa tsarin, girma, yafi hatsi, auduga da kuma taba. Akwai kuma wani sosai-raya kayan lambu girma, viticulture da kuma noma Citrus. Don tattara da zaituni Spain bautar da fari a duniya.

Gabashin Turai irin

Noma a kasashe irin su Poland, Slovakia, Bulgaria da sauransu. E., ya ci gaba a cikin wani musamman tattalin arziki yanayi. A tsakiyar karni na karshe a yankin to rayayye haifar gama da kuma jihar gonaki. Saboda haka, a furta specialization daga cikin wadannan kasashe da kasashen waje a Turai ba su da aikin noma. Fiye ko žasa a fili shi bayyana kanta kawai a cikin namo kayan lambu, taba, 'ya'yan itãcen marmari da inabi. Ci gaba a wadannan yankuna da kuma hatsi noma. Musamman mai kyau ci gaba a cikin wannan filin da ya sanya albarka Hungary. Hatsi amfanin ƙasa a cikin wannan kasa ne 50 quintals a kowace kadada. A da capita 1400 kg. A Romania, Bulgaria, Serbia da kuma Croatia suna girma, yafi kayan lambu, 'ya'yan itãcen marmari da inabi.

Aikin gona waje Turai (ga tebur):

Wannan kawai irin wannan hanyar da masana'antu da kuma sub-masana'antu Agriculture aka rarraba kasashen waje a Turai. Tebur, ba shakka, ba ma cikakken, amma yana bada bayyani na tsarin.