Alalia - menene wannan? Alalia: correctional aiki

Alalia - ne cikakken rashin magana ko ta underdevelopment a yara tare da al'ada ji da kuma hankali. Wannan cuta ne sakamakon lalacewar kwakwalwa yankuna magana a lokacin haihuwa. Yana kuma iya faruwa saboda juyayi tsarin cututtuka ko tsanani kwanyar rauni sha wahala da yaro ko da a cikin pre-magana tsawon rai. Asalinsu kira alalia sluhonemotoy kuma ba a bi.

Alalia aka sãɓãwar launukansa digiri - daga mafi tsanani a lokacin da yaro ba ya magana da shekaru 12, har zuwa mai haske, mafi reminiscent na janar underdevelopment na magana.

Alalia - wani cuta dangantawa da kwakwalwa lalacewa, wanda aka bayyana a cikin yaro ta rashin ikon magana. Yana da muhimmanci a rarrabe waɗannan marasa lafiya daga waɗanda suke tãre da illa ji da hankali - da shafi tunanin mutum retardation. Yara da alalia iya amsa sauti da kuma gane bayanai. Shafi tunanin mutum da ci gaban na iya rushe da yaro kawai saboda rarrabuwa, ilimi sakaci, da rashin yiwuwar sarrafawa da manhaja da kuma talakawa memory.

rarrabuwa

Akwai biyu main iri alalia - azanci da kuma mota. Dukansu cuta amenable don gyara tare da wani Hadakar m. A mafi yawan lokuta, farkon ganewar asali da kuma yarda da duk shawarwari na yara ne iya karatu a makarantar sakandare.

shãfe alalia

Wannan matsala ne halin wani na farko take hakkin magana ji a al'ada ji. Ku taɓa alalia bayyana saboda raunuka na boko yankunan na kwakwalwa, located in hagu yammancin duniya, da ake kira Wernicke ta tsakiya.

Yara da azanci shine alalia gane ba shi ko fahimta ta gazawa. Sun iya mayalwaci amsa da sauti sakonni ana bambanta da daban-daban yanayin amo (rustling sauti na creaking da t. D.). A wani jawabin da ya yara da azanci shine alalia ba echolalia - unthought wannan atomatik maimaitawa wani kalmomin. Saboda haka, maimakon amsa wannan tambaya na da irin wannan yaro zai iya maimaita tambaya da kanta.

Jagoranci a touch alalia dauke da wani take hakkin phonemic ji, wadda bayyana kanta a sãɓãwar launukansa digiri. Wannan ne, zai iya zama mai cikakkar gazawar rarrabe magana sauti ko su ji daga wahala, bayyana a cikin matsaloli na banbamta kama a sauti amma daban-daban a cikin haruffan kalmomi ( 'yar - ganga -lak ciwon daji).

Yaro da azanci shine alalia muhimmanci dace game da su kwararru: wani audiologist ga ji gwajin, a neuropsychiatrist da wani jawabin ilimin.

A yi, lokuta da azanci shine alalia - quite rare, fiye da na kowa a cikin sauki nau'i na cutar - motor.

Nau'i na biyu

Motor alalia - a sa na bayyanar cututtuka, duka biyu murya da kuma wadanda ba murya, wanda shi ne ya jagoranci da saye da harshe. Motor alalia a yara auku a 'yan sau fiye da a touch. Yaya mai tsanani ne wannan matsala?

Alalia. Ganewar asali da kuma jawabin da ãyõyinMu

Jawabin take hakkin motor alalia kama duk da aka gyara: lexical da nahawu da karin lafazi da phonemic gefe. An zaci cewa na farko matsala ne ya sa ta raunuka na agara motor yanki a cikin cerebral bawo, da kuma sauran - warwarewarsu aiki na ƙananan sassa na mota yankin na bawo na da rinjaye yammancin duniya, inda ta fi mai da hankali duk hangula daga cikin tsokoki da jijiyoyin da ya bayyana a lokacin da sanarwa akan abinda ƙungiyoyi.

A yaron da alalia hampered da samuwar lafiya motor daidaituwa na jawabin na'ura. Wadannan cuta ne bambancin, jere daga baka apraxia (inna), kawo karshen ko sharuddan sauyawa na take hakkin jerin. Har ila yau, akwai wani rashin cika wasu sanarwa akan abinda motsi.

Sau da yawa yara da mota alalia saboda rashin sauti ji kama ne kawai wasu abubuwa na jumla da kuma suna iya ɗaura su a cikin wani na kowa na ginin jumla tsarin. Wannan rashin fahimtar hidima a matsayin na biyu bayyanuwar underdevelopment nasu magana. Yara da mota alalia yawanci suna da wata iyaka ƙamus, amma m ƙamus a lokaci guda ne sosai voluminous.

Wadannan al'amurran da jawabin iya keta lokacin da motor alalia:

• phonemic ganin kalamai.
• magana da harshen aiki.
• rhythmic kungiyar na jawabin - to tsarake shi.

Yanzu la'akari da abin da yana da alalia motor bayyanar cututtuka. Ƙamus a yara da irin wannan take hakki tasowa sannu a hankali sosai, kuma an yi amfani da ba daidai ba magana. A sakamakon haka, talauci stock lexical-na ginin jumla albarkatun bayyana canzawa ta kama ko bambanci, misali, Yana share - wash kofin -stakan gatari - guduma. A sa na manufofi da kuma adverbs kananan.

A matakin farko na jawabin ci gaba a cikin irin wannan yaro ba ya bukatar su domin sadarwa da alaka magana, abin da ya sa aka ta underdevelopment na biyu janar da kuma jawabin aiki. Saboda haka, sau da yawa baby amfani da fuska, gestures da monosyllables lokacin da akayi tare da manya.

Non-fi'ili ãyõyin rashin lafiya

Yara da mota alalia lura underdevelopment ba kawai magana, amma kuma wasu na hankali da mota ayyuka. Yawancin lokaci lura neurological bayyanar cututtuka, dabam a mai tsanani daga kadan manifestations na kwakwalwa tabarbarewa mai tsanani cuta. Sau da yawa kuma lura insufficiency na jiki da kuma somatic janar wani rauni na jiki.

Yara da mota alalia yawanci m, da discoordination ƙungiyoyi, da ƙungiyoyi suna ragae ko disinhibited. Motor aiki an rage, da kari shi ne bai isa ba, tsauri da kuma a tsaye ma'auni ne gaji da damuwa. Musamman bayyananna take hakkin lafiya motor basira.

Yara da mota alalia yawanci underdeveloped mafi girma shafi tunanin mutum da ayyuka (ƙwaƙwalwar, da hankali, tunani, da dai sauransu) A matakin na son rai da kuma m ji.

A wasu lokuta, na iya ci gaba pathological hali dabiu da kuma halin samuwar neurotic irin. Yara da mota alalia alama kadaici, rashin tsaro, irritability, fushi da kuma propensity zuwa hawaye.

Akwai wani irin cuta - total, ko gauraye azanci shine-motor alalia. Tare da irin wannan embodiment an gaji da damuwa da kuma azanci da kuma mota al'amurran da magana. Idan yaro yana da azanci shine-motor alalia, ba ya iya magana. Bugu da kari, da mãsu haƙuri ba fahimta cikin jawabin da shi.

Mene ne wani gauraye alalia cututtuka? Wannan cuta da wuya a gane asali. An sau da yawa a gauraye da matsaloli kamar Autism, ji hanawa, ilimi da sauransu. N.

Aiki tare da yara da alalia total sau da yawa ya hada da ban da zaman tare a psychologist da wani jawabin ilimin magani da nufin inganta jawabin aninai a cerebral bawo.

Ta yaya cutar bayyana?

Babban dalilin alalia - kwakwalwa lalacewa a utero ko a cikin shekarar farko ta rayuwa.

1. A cikin prenatal lokacin da kwakwalwa cin iya tasiri kamuwa da cuta, hypoxia, placental insufficiency, miyagun halaye mahaifiyarsa. Lalacewar kwakwalwa da yaro zai iya faruwa a lokacin haihuwa. Wadannan sun hada da hypoxia, haihuwa rauni, hypothermia.
2. A shekara ta fari ta rayuwa wani jariri kwakwalwa lalacewar yiwu saboda wani kwayar cutar ko traumatic kwakwalwa rauni.

cututtuka

Alalia wanda ganewar asali - wani hadadden tsari, wani lokacin kusan indistinguishable daga sauran cututtuka. Yana da muhimmanci a kawar da wani nauyi ko shafi tunanin mutum retardation. Alalia lokacin da wani yaro sosai aiki na wasu kwakwalwa yankunan. Babban rawa da shan kashi na biyu kwakwalwa Tsarin: da jawabin Broca ta yankin da kuma Wernicke, wanda ke da alhakin samuwar nasu jawabin da hankali.

Ãyõyin motor alalia

Daga cikin cututtuka su ne:

• rashin kai-taimako basira.
• take hakkin da zirga-zirga: yara ba tsalle a kan daya kafa, ba zai iya samun kan jirgin, sau da yawa tuntu e, iya rawa rhythmically ga music.
• gano wani yawan misali da matakan da harshen ci gaba a wannan cin zarafi daga ta da cikakken rashin ikon magana phrases tura.
• yaro sau da yawa ba zai iya bayyana su ji da kuma tambaye game da wani abu.
• ya lura jawabin fahimta ta da mãsu haƙuri.
• yaro ya farga da lexical ma'anar kalmar, amma ba karshen, kari kafin kalma, prepositions.

Ãyõyin touch alalia

Bayyanar cututtuka na da irin wannan cutar za a iya gani cikin wadannan mamaki:

• da yaro ba ya fahimtar ma'anar kalmomin ya ji;
• babu dangane tsakanin takamaiman abu da kuma sauti zane;
• gaban echolalia (atomatik maimaitawa kalmomi).

gyara matsalar

Ka yi la'akari da yadda za a yi alalia gyara. Tunda yana da wani likita, m, kuma pedagogical matsala bukatar wani m tsarin kula da ci gaban jawabin samuwar kuma ci gaban da dukan mutumin. Jawabin far aikin da ya kamata a da za'ayi a kan bango na kiwon lafiya da kuma psychotherapeutic magani. Alalia - shi ne wani hadadden cuta da cewa da wuya a gane asali.

Babban fasali na correctional aiki

• A tsari ne da farko da nufin samuwar da muradi, da sadarwa nufi, ciki kalamai na shirin.
• Hankali ne ya biya zuwa lafiya motor basira: yara koyi ga launi, inuwa, wasa tare da mosaics, ƙulla kullin, da dai sauransu ...
• Tasiri ga ci gaban jawabin a yara tare da alalia ne yin amfani da kari kuma logoritmiki. A cikin wadannan darussan da music, magana da kuma motsi ake hada a da dama darussan da kuma siffar jawabin-motor ayyukan. Kamar yadda shi ne ci gaban da ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya da kuma hali ci gaban yara.
• Don kunna jawabin yi muhimmanci sadarwa a wani araha matakin da yaro: ayyukan da kalmomi (sake, show, sunan), phrases da kuma jumlar abu.
• Muhimmanci shi ne ci gaban da analyzers - gani, auditory da tactile.
• Ka kawai bukatar amfani da caca nau'i na aiki.
• Za a tabbatar da yin amfani da gani material: daban-daban alamomi, kare muhalli da kayayyakin, images, ayyuka bi magana, da dai sauransu ...
• A tasiri ya kamata a directed zuwa janar magana tsarin, bayyanãwa ƙamus, ci gaban phrasal da jiwuwa magana, saitin sautuna.

Babban saukarwa

1. A mataki na farko na aikin faruwa horo na jawabin aiki da kuma ciko m ƙamus, da sauki fahimta.
2. Bugu da ari kafa kalma magana, kuma m.
3. A cikin uku mataki na mayar da hankali a kan al'amurran kamar alaka magana, da hanyoyin sadarwa, a Bugu da kari, sarrafa kansa nahawu Tsarin.

A kan aiwatar da kawar da matsalar rayayye amfani da dama dabaru na kamus aiki. Na farko wani zaɓi - halitta: da zanga-zanga da abubuwa, images, ayyuka da kuma yanayi. Na biyu - fi'ili: da hulda da sabon kalmomi riga aka sani da kamance da kuma ya saba.

Yi amfani da daban-daban na aiki a kan cikin ƙamus, da suka hada da zabin da abubuwa na mataki, misali, show ko gaya wanda ya yi hijira, gudanar, jan gindi. Daidai da tasiri irin hanyoyin: saka suna na mutum sassa na dukan, msl, a dabaran, a headlamp dabaran; selection na single-tushen kalmomi, ma'ana, saɓanin ma'ana. cinta abubuwa bisa ga bayanin. hira gajeren kalmomi, da sauransu. d. Har ila yau, a cikin layi daya da kammala wani kamus na kowa jigogi (dabbobi, da shuke-shuke, toys, kayan lambu, 'ya'yan itãcen marmari, iyali, kuma haka a. d.) wajen samar da dabarun yin amfani da wasu nau'in siffofin kalmomi (na harka, mufuradi da jam'i et al.).

Idan yaro alalia, remedial aikin kamata a da za'ayi a matsayin? Dauke da fitar ayyuka da abubuwa, ya kamata yara su yi kokarin su m jawabin, cewa shi ne ya bi kowace mataki kalmomi zuba ruwa zuba ruwa, zuba ruwa a cikin kwalba, ta busa a kan ruwa, da dai sauransu A marasa lafiya a wannan mataki da aka ɓullo da fasaha don amsa tambayoyi da kuma kokarin .. tambayar su don fito da bada shawarwari, da farko hanya daya sa'an nan ta reference, tare da hotuna jerin, zato misali da shirya bayyanai, gwama halaye da dama abubuwa, da sauransu. d. a wannan lokacin, karfafa ta da bambancin da cikakken amsoshi Wannan, bi da bi, na taimaka wa aiki search for kuma zaži da ya dace nahawu form dama kalmomi, arfin bun sha'awa a cikin jawabin a matsayin hanyar sadarwa.

Babu shakka, da yaro da aka ba a bayyana ta da wani dokoki, ba ruwaito bayani a kan nahawu. magani tsari ya shafi kawai wasa tsari da kuma m sani da mafi mita model a inflection da kuma kalmar samuwar, jimla.

A dukan hanya aiki a kan nahawu Categories dangane da wadannan: na farko, yaro dole kalla a matsayin jawabin ilimin fasali wani takamaiman model, to, shi ne hada kan aiwatar da imitative magana aiki.

Idan yaro yana da mota alalia, azuzuwan da ake gudanar duka biyu? The m amfani da yara tare da Alale nahawu Tsarin yana da wasu siffofin da samuwar duk Concepts ne da za'ayi kawai a kan tushen da musamman siffofin bincike da kuma kira, wanda ta haifar da ba dole ba abstraction da hakan.

Kullum zama a kan tunani da babban aiki na aiki, wanda ya hada da samuwar sadarwa aiwatar da aiki ƙari su domin sadarwa da yaro. A mataki na gaba za a iya dauke da wani hankali mika mulki daga tattaunawa a interpersonal sadarwar da monologue magana a cikin ci gaban da dalili to gaya. Wannan shi ne yawanci yaro ya gaya game da wani taron ko aika da wani bayani.

The Yarjejeniya taimaka wa ci gaban da tsarin kalmomi da phrases, da kuma ta hanyar karatu da kuma rubutu da alalia baby zaune a yanki da kuma gyara jawabin nasa. Ilimi na yara ne ya fi tsayi ne, kuma shi na bukatar yin amfani da musamman hanyoyin da dabarun. Sau da yawa yara da tawaya karkashin shawara a kan aiwatar da Mastering da aka rubuta da harshen bayyana sakandare dyslexia da dysgraphia.

The yaro alalia? Magani da kuma duk wani gyara siffofin da? Daya daga cikin mafi yawan amfani da hanyoyin da yin kawar da matsalar ne ruri wasu wuraren da fata ta amfani da low-mita halin yanzu hatsaisai. Wadannan yankunan wakilci tsinkaya na jawabin kwakwalwa yankunan. A sakamakon haka, suna kunna ta ruri daga cikin jijiya endings. Wannan hanya na lura yana da ba a karkashin wata hujja-tushen tsarin, don haka da gyara cuta kawai zai yiwu da taimakon babu warkewa sakamako, saboda haka, da yin amfani da jawabin zones neurostimulation dabaru iya ba ko da yaushe za shi barata.

ƙarin hanyoyi

Idan haƙuri alalia, zaman tare da wani jawabin da ilimin yana da muhimmanci sosai. Su ya kamata a gudanar a kai a kai. Logopaedic tausa rayayye amfani ga irin wannan magana tarnaki kamar yadda alalia. Jiyya ne da nufin kara kuzari na tsokoki da cewa suna da hannu a cikin samuwar sautuna. Don yin wannan, gudanar da tausa tare da yatsunsu, ko kuma a musamman jawabin far bincike.

Physiotherapy ana amfani da yara tare da alalia. Daga cikin babban hanyoyin - laser-, ruwa, Magnetic far, acupuncture.

ƙarshe

Jawabin alalia bukatar wani sosai tsawon lokaci magani da kuma hadedde m. Mafi sau da yawa far faruwa a musamman kindergartens da kuma makarantu bauta yara tare da jawabin cuta. Tare da lura da sakamakon shi ne mai yiwuwa a sauya yara a makarantar sakandare.

A wasu lokuta, da kau da gyara alalia da yaro daukan 'yan shekaru, sa'an nan kuma ya bukatar yau da kullum da zaman tare da jawabin ilimin ya kula da sakamakon. Ko bayan wani cin nasara warkewa aiki mafi yara bukatar yau da kullum motsa jiki don kawar da dysgraphia da dyslexia. Yaro da alalia bukatar m taimako da kuma goyon baya. Yana da wuya a yi da sababbin abokai, da jin mai kyau a cikin tawagar. Wasu yara fuskanci m danniya a lokacin da sadarwa da da takwarorinsu, wanda zai iya haifar da ta'adi, juyayi da breakdowns. Saboda haka, yaro da alalia bukatar taimako wajen kawar da tsoron sadarwa, kadaici.