Alexander Sumarokov: A Biography "mahaifin na Rasha wasan kwaikwayo"

Aleksandr Petrovich Sumarokov, wanda biography ne inextricably nasaba da ci gaban kasa da al'adu na XVIII karni, an dauke su da "uban Rasha wasan kwaikwayo." Ya ya yi aiki a matsayin marubucin wasannin kwaikwayo da kuma librettist. Ya taimako a cikin Rasha adabi, tãyar saboda ya poetic ayyuka a wani sabon tsawo a lokacin. Sunansa ya tafi a cikin tarihi na Rasha.

The matasa magaji zuwa wani tsoho daraja sunan

Nuwamba 25, 1717 a birnin Moscow a cikin iyali na Ensign Peter Sumarokova dansa, wanda aka mai suna Alexander. Kamar mutane da yawa yara daga cikin tsofaffin daraja iyalansu, wato, daya daga cikinsu mallakar HALITTAR Sumarokov, su na farko da horo da kuma ilimi da yaron ya a gida a karkashin shiryarwar malamai da tutors aiki da mahaifansa biyu.

A waɗannan shekaru, mutane da yawa matasa noblemen ba, baicin wani soja. Na yi ba togiya da Alexander Sumarokov. Biography ya m rayuwa ta fara da tun shekaru na goma sha biyar da ya shiga Land gentry Corps, bude a St. Petersburg a kan umarni na Empress Anny Ioannovny. A cikin ganuwar ta shĩ yanã ciyarwa shekaru takwas, da kuma a nan a karo na farko ya fara nazarin wallafe-wallafe.

Yar jam'iyyar kadet Corps da kuma mai zuwa aiki

A lokacin na binciken a cikin ɗan jam'iyyar kadet Corps haifar da marubuci ya rubuta wakoki da kuma lyrics, kera a kan ayyukan Faransa mawallafa da takwararta Vladimir Trediakovsky. Da farko poetic gwaje-gwajen ne poetic transcriptions daga cikin Zabura. Bugu da kari, shi daukawa fitar da umarni na yan'uwansu - ya rubuta a madadin na taya Ode mulki a waɗannan shekaru da Empress Anne Ioannovne, wanda ya sosai a fashion.

A 1740, a tsakanin matasa masu digiri kungiyar soja na jami'an ya Alexander Sumarokov. Biography ya furta cewa, ransa ya cikin wadanda shekaru ne mafi alhẽri daga abada. A shekaru ashirin da uku, ya soja kurum marar a cikin ofishin na Count Munnich, nan da nan ta zama ta farko zaman sakataren Count Golovin, sa'an nan mai girma da xaukaka Alekseya Razumovskogo. Amma duk da ya buɗe sama aiki, ya keɓe kansa ga wallafe-wallafe. Ya gunki a wadannan shekaru - Mikhail Vasilyevich Lomonosov, sanannen Ode wanda ya zama abin koyi ga Sumarokova jituwa da kuma wani alama a cikin search for m hanyoyi.

A farko da suka cancanta daraja

Duk da haka, babu gaskiya artist ba zai iya zama gamsu da kawai wani kwaikwayo na cewa halitta da wani, shi ne ko da yaushe ischot nasu style. Wannan shi ne abin da Sumarokov. Biography da ya m rai da gaske zai fara a lõkacin, a cikin gyaran gashi na ilimi aristocracy na St. Petersburg bayyana a cikin da dama daga lissafin da ya soyayya songs. Wannan Genre aka zaba ta hanyar marubucin ne ba ta hanyar kwatsam. Shi ya yarda da mafi bude jihar hankali na Alexander - wani m hafsa matashi, cike da romantic abubuwan peculiar zuwa tsufa.

Amma hakikanin daraja ya kawo shi abin da ya faru a kotu a 1747 cewa shi zama poetic wasan kwaikwayo "Horev". A daidai wannan lokaci an buga shi, kuma ya kasance akwai ga jama'a, wanda ya yi suna sanar da sunansa na al'umma. Bayan haka, ma a kotu, ya yi yawa guda, marubucin wanda ya Sumarokov. Biography of aikinsa zo daga wannan lokaci zuwa wani sabon matakin - shi ya zama mai sana'a marubuci.

Rich m rayuwa Sumarokova

A 1752, akwai wani gagarumin taron. Empress Elizaveta Petrovna hannu umartar kawo daga Yaroslavl fice Theatrical adadi na wadanda shekaru F. G. Volkova da nema shi ya shirya Rasha ta farko m gidan wasan kwaikwayo, wanda darektan aka nada Sumarokov.

Taqaitaccen Tarihin shi ne kawai a general sharuddan iya ba da wani ra'ayin na invaluable taimako abin da ya sanya wannan mutumin a cikin samuwar na Rasha mataki na rayuwa, amma a cikin memory na gaba, an kiyaye su a matsayin "mahaifin na Rasha wasan kwaikwayo", kuma wannan zai yarda, shi ne mafi kaifin fiye da wani kalmomi.

Ya m Legacy unusually m. Isar da shi a lõkacin da takwas bala'in da suka zo daga alkalami, ashirin da uku comedies da opera libretti. Bugu da kari, Sumarokov bar wani gagarumin alama a sauran wallafe-wallafen filayen. Ayyukansa, ana buga a shafukan da wani ilimi mujallar "Monthly rubuce-rubucen", da kuma a 1759 ya fara buga mujallar da kansa "Hard-aiki kudan zuma." A m shekaru na buga fitar da yawa collections na waqoqi da kuma tatsuniya.

A karshen mawãƙi ta rayuwa da memory na zuriyar

Wasan kwaikwayo Guide Sumarokov da za'ayi kafin a 1761. Bayan haka, ya zama na wani lokaci a cikin babban birnin kasar, sa'an nan a 1769 ya koma Moscow. Ga shi yana da wani tsanani rikici da kwamandan P. Saltykov, gefe wanda ya yarda aka yi Empress. Wannan sa mawãƙi wani tunanin rauni da kuma entails tsanani kudi matsaloli. Amma duk da cũta, a cikin seventies, ya, bisa ga bincike, ya rubuta cewa ya fi kyau ayyukansu, kamar "Dmitry da ƙãƙalen faɗarsa", "Vzdorschitsa" kuma da yawa wasu. Ya mutu a kan Oktoba 12, 1777, aka binne shi a Donskoy hurumi a Moscow.

Zuriyar cikakken yaba da isa yabo na wannan mutumin da Fatherland. A cikin shahararrun abin tunawa "Millennium na Rasha" a cikin shahararren tarihi Figures na jihar da kuma aka wakilta Alexander Sumarokov (photo daga cikin abu mai karatu zai iya ganin a kan page). A cikin rubuce-rubucen girma ƙarnõni na kasida da suke da daukaka da girman kai na mu al'adu, da Theatrical ayyukansu sun zama littafi domin nan gaba playwrights.