Alkali karafa

Alkali karafa - francium, cesium, rubidium, potassium, sodium, lithium - don haka ya kira saboda gaskiyar cewa nau'i na Alkali da dauki da ruwa. Saboda da babban ikon amsa wadannan abubuwa da ya kamata a adana a karkashin wani Layer na ma'adinai da man fetur ko kananzir. A mafi yawan aiki na wadannan mahadi aka dauke francium (shi ne rediyoaktif).

Alkali karafa - abubuwa taushi, silvery launi. Su freshly yanka surface yana da halayyar luster. Alkali karafa ake narkar da kuma tafasa a low yanayin zafi, da high thermal da lantarki watsin. Su ma suna da wani low yawa.

Chemical Properties na Alkali karafa

Abubuwa ne da karfi rage jamiái, da mahadi nuna wani mataki na hadawan abu da iskar shaka (musamman) +1. Tare da karuwa a atomic nauyi Alkali karafa, kuma Ya ƙãra rage ikon. Kusan duk na mahadi mai narkewa a cikin ruwa, suna ionic a yanayi.

Tare da matsakaici dumama Alkali karafa ƙone a iska. A tare da tare da hydrogen samar da gishiri-kamar abu hydrides. Konewa kayayyakin ne yawanci peroxides.

Alkali karfe oxides ne rawaya daskararru (oxides na rubidium da potassium), fari (oxides na sodium da kuma lithium) da kuma orange (Cesium oxide) launuka. Wadannan oxides ne iya maida martani da ruwa, acid, oxygen, acid da kuma amphoteric oxides. Wadannan asali halaye ne muhimmi ga dukkan su, kuma suna da wani pronounced hali.

peroxides Alkali karafa - foda rawaya-farin launi. Za su iya maida martani tare da carbon dioxide da carbon monoxide gas, acid, nonmetals, ruwa.

Alkali karfe hydroxides ne mai narkewa a cikin ruwa, da fari daskararru. A cikin wadannan mahadi aka nuna (mai haske da isasshen) asali Properties alkalis. Lithium sansanonin zuwa Franz karfi da kuma digiri na solubility a ruwa ƙaruwa. Hydroxides dauke da karfi isa Wutan. Sun amsa tare da salts, amphoteric hydroxides da oxides, wasu da ba-karafa, acid oxides. Fãce fili da lithium sauran nuna thermal kwanciyar hankali. Calcining lithium hydroxide ne ta bazuwar cikin ruwa da kuma oxide. Ya ce mahadi an samu ta hanyar electrolysis na ruwa-ruwa chloride mafita da dama na rayuwa da halayen. Hydroxides shirya ma ta maida martani aka gyara (ko oxides) da kuma ruwa.

Kusan duk da salts bayyana karafa (sai dai wasu lithium salts) ne mai narkewa a cikin ruwa da kyau. Kafa ta rauni acid, Saline mafita da dauki matsakaici (alkaline) saboda hydrolysis da kafa gishiri a matsayin karfi acid ba hydrolyzed. Common salts ne dutse (sodium) gishiri, mai silicate m (ruwa gilashi), potassium nitrate, bertoletova gishiri, potassium permanganate, bottled soda, soda ash, da sauransu.

All Alkali mahadi suna da ikon canza launi da harshen wuta. Ana amfani da sinadaran analysis. Saboda haka, harshen wuta Carmine ja stained da lithium ions, a Violet - potassium ions a rawaya - sodium whitish m - rubidium, Violet-ja - cesium.

Saboda gaskiya cewa duk alkaline Kwayoyin ne mafi iko rage jamiái, za su iya samun da zubi salts da electrolysis.

Amfani Alkali karfe

A abubuwa suna amfani da daban-daban duniyoyin na mutum aiki. Alal misali, cesium da ake amfani a photoelectric Kwayoyin. The hali gami da ake amfani da matsayin mai kara kuzari lithium. Sodium ne ba a cikin gas-sallama fitilu, makaman nukiliya reactors a matsayin coolant. A binciken da aiki da ake amfani da rubidium.