Alkali - wannan tushe, ko ba haka ba? Menene da kaddarorin?

Me acid ko gishiri daga gare ta, mafi kyau da aka sani. Yana da wuya a sami wani wanda ba a rike da wani kwalban vinegar ko amfani a cikin rayuwar abinci, ba tare da wanda kusan duk wani abinci alama sabo ne da kuma m. Amma abin da lye? Wannan shi ne guda a matsayin tushe, ko ba haka ba? Abin da ke sa shi daban-daban daga acid? Irin wannan tambayoyi iya dungu kowa, sabili da haka ba da damar kanmu ga refresh cikin ilmi cewa da zarar sun kasance a cikin makaranta.

Alkali - menene wannan?

Don fara da, da karfe fili da ruwa a cikin sinadaran kira hydroxides. The abu na irin wannan, da ammonium, Alkali ko alkaline duniya karfe, da aka sani a matsayin Alkali. Bi da bi, da tushe - ne electrolyte, wanda hada da, ban da hydroxide ions (OH ^-), babu sauran anions. Saboda haka, zamu iya cewa da Alkali - shi ne wani narkewa tushe. Don samar da irin wannan a karfe hydroxide yiwu subgroups IA da IIa (waɗanda suke zo bayan alli). Misalai na irin wannan mahadi iya zama sodium lye (NaOH dabara), sodium bariat (Ba (OH) _2), potassium hydroxide (Koh), cesium hydroxide (CsOH), da dai sauransu Suna wakiltar wani m farin abu, wanda aka halin high hygroscopicity.

Properties alkalis

Rushe a ruwa da irin wannan mahadi yana tare da babba zafi tsara. A Group IA Alkali karfi - a cesium hydroxide da wani Group IIa - radium hydroxide. Wani misali na irin wannan rauni sadarwa zai iya bauta wa ammonia da slaked lemun tsami. Caustic alkalis ne narkewa a cikin ethanol da methanol. A m jihar duk wadannan abubuwa sha ruwa daga cikin iska da kuma carbon dioxide da kuma sannu a hankali ya canza kama zuwa carbonates. A mafi muhimmanci dũkiyar Alkali ne cewa a sakamakon ta dauki tare da acid gishiri kafa - wannan alama da aka sosai sau da yawa amfani a cikin masana'antar. Ta hanyar wadannan sadarwa zai iya wuce lantarki halin yanzu, sabili da haka suka sukan yi amfani da matsayin Wutan. Tattalin ta amfani da electrolysis Alkali chlorides ko ta maida martani oxides Alkali karafa da ruwa. A masana'antu fiye amfani da farko hanya da kuma na biyu da aka yi amfani da mafi yawa, don samar da slaked lemun tsami. A wani alkaline muhalli, shi dissolves kitse, kuma wannan dukiya da aka yi amfani da ko'ina a cikin yi sabulu. A yawan sansanonin iya halaka shuka da kuma dabba kyallen takarda, hangula fata da kuma halakar da tufafi. Alkalies iya amsa tare da wasu karafa (msl aluminum), kuma suna iya kare karfe daga lalata. Su ne resistant zuwa zafi - sodium hydroxide za a iya narkar da kuma kawo a tafasa, amma shi ba zai decompose. Wadannan su ne sosai daban-daban daga Alkali insoluble kwasfanta, wasu daga wanda (misali, da azurfa hydroxide) decomposes ko da a dakin da zazzabi. Kazalika acid, wadannan abubuwa bukatar mai kula da babban bukatar a kiyaye da aminci shawarwari. Ido kariya lõkacin da aiki tare lye yawanci sa tabarau. Tsayawa su ne a yarda ne kawai a musamman tasoshin - shan jirgin ruwa cewa ba zai shige.