A tsarin da shuka tushen. Features na tsarin da tushen

Rayayyun kwayoyin halitta karatu kimiyya da ilmin halitta. A tsarin da tushen da shuka da aka dauki daya daga cikin o.

Tushen ne axial vegetative gabobin da shuka. An halin Unlimited apical girma da kuma radial fasali. Features na tsarin tushen dogara a kan al'amurra da dama. Wannan shi ne juyin asalin na shuke-shuke, shi nasa ne a musamman aji, mazauninsu. Babban ayyuka na tushen za a iya kira tabbatarwa daga shuke-shuke a cikin ƙasa, hallara a vegetative yaduwa, stock da kuma kira na kwayoyin gina jiki. Amma, mafi muhimmanci aiki na samar da muhimmanci ayyuka na shuka jiki, - gona abinci mai gina jiki, wanda yana da za'ayi a cikin aiwatar da ruwa sha na aiki substrate dauke da narkar da ma'adinai salts.

daban na tushen

A waje tsarin da tushen ne sun fi mayar saboda gaskiya shi yana nufin abin da irin.

• Babban tushen. Its samuwar ne saboda da tayi tushen, a lokacin da iri na shuka fara tsiro.
• Adventitious asalinsu. Za su iya bayyana a kan sassa daban daban na shuka (kara, ganye).
• Kaikaice asalinsu. Sai suka samar da wani reshe, fara daga baya ya bayyana tushen (main ko paranasal).

Nau'in na tushen tsarin

Tushen tsarin - wata al'umma daga duk da tushen, wanda suna samuwa ga shuke-shuke. Kamar wancan ne bayyanar da wannan sa da daban-daban shuke-shuke iya bambanta ƙwarai. Dalilin shi ne gaban ko rashinsa, kazalika da daban-daban mataki na ci gaba da kuma mai tsanani daga daban-daban iri asalinsu.

Dangane da wannan factor, akwai da dama iri tushen tsarin.

• Matsa tushen tsarin. Sunan yayi magana don kansa. Babban tushen abubuwa a matsayin sanda. Yana da kyau a tsare a cikin size da kuma tsawon. A tsarin da tushen irin wannan shi ne hali da dicots. Wannan zobo, karas, wake da sauransu.
• Fibrous tushen tsarin. Domin irin wannan yana da halaye. A waje tsarin da tushen, wanda shi ne babban, ba daban-daban daga na gefe. Ya ba tsaya daga cikin taron. Kõma daga amfrayo tushen, shi ke tsiro sosai dogon. Mochkovaya tushen tsarin hali na monocots. Yana hatsi, tafarnuwa, tulips da sauransu.
• A tushen tsarin na gauraye da irin. Its tsarin hadawa fasali na biyu aka bayyana a sama, iri. Taproot da raya da kuma tsaye daga taron. Amma a lokaci guda karfi da ci gaba da kuma adventitious asalinsu. Halayyar da tumatir, kabeji.

A tarihi ci gaba da tushen

Lokacin da tunanin cikin sharuddan da phylogenetic ci gaban da tushen, ya bayyanar da yawa daga baya fiye da samuwar kara da ganye. Mafi m, da samar da kuzari ga wannan shuka damar zuwa ƙasar. Domin samun wata qafafunku a wani m substrate, da wakilan da tsoho Flora da ake bukata wani abu da zai iya samar da goyon baya. A kan aiwatar da juyin halitta ne na farko kafa kornepodobnye karkashin kasa da rassan. Daga baya, sun ba Yunƙurin zuwa da ci gaban da tushen tsarin.

tushen hula

Formation da kuma ci gaban da tushen tsarin ne da za'ayi a ko'ina cikin rayuwa da shuka. A tsarin da tushen da shuka ba samar for gaban ganye da kuma buds. Its girma ne da za'ayi ta kara a tsawon. A ci gaba da maki an rufe tare da tushen hula.

A tsari na ci gaban da ake dangantawa da cell division ilimi nama. An located a karkashin tushen hula, domin tabbatar da tsaro na m rarraba Kwayoyin daga lalacewa. Case kunshi kanta - mai hade da bakin ciki-hananna rai Kwayoyin, wanda ake kullum faruwa gyara tsari. Wannan shi ne, a tushen a cikin ƙasa inganta kullum hankali exfoliated Kwayoyin da girma sabon a game da wurin. Case kunshi ma dake waje Kwayoyin asirce gamsai musamman. Shi facilitates da gabatarwa da Tushen a m gona substrates.

Sananne ne cewa, dangane da mazauninsu na shuka tsarin ne sosai daban-daban. Alal misali, ruwa shuke-shuke da tushen hula. A kan aiwatar da juyin halitta sun sun kafa wata na'urar - a ruwa aljihu.

A tsarin da shuka tushen: rarraban zone girma zone

Sel kunno kai daga cikin ilimi masana'anta, a kan lokaci, za a fara a bambance. Kamar wancan kafa tushen zone.

rarraba yankin. An wakilta sel da ilimi masana'anta, wanda baya haifar da duk sauran cell iri. Zone Girman - 1 mm.

girma zone. Yana buga wani m sashe, wanda shi ne tsayin tsakanin 6 da kuma 9 mm. Nan da nan ya bi rarraban yankin. Domin Kwayoyin halin da m girma, a lokacin da suka kasance mai tsanani miƙa a tsawon, kuma a hankali a hankali bambantawa. Ya kamata a lura da cewa rabo aiwatar a cikin wannan yankin da aka ba kusan aikatawa.

tsotsa zone

Wannan sashe na tushen tsawon da dama santimita kuma ana kiransa sashi na tushen dankon. Wannan sunan yana nuni da siffofin da tsarin da tushen a cikin shafin. Akwai outgrowths fata Kwayoyin wanda size iya bambanta daga 1 mm zuwa 20 mm. Wannan shi ne tushen dankon.

tsotsa zone - wani wuri inda akwai m sha na ruwa, wanda ya ƙunshi narkar da ma'adanai. The aiki na sel na tushen hairs, a wannan yanayin, za a iya kwatanta da famfo. Wannan tsari ne sosai makamashi-m. Saboda haka, a cikin sel na tsotsa zone ƙunshi manyan yawan mitochondria.

Yana da muhimmanci domin jawo hankali ga daya alama na tushen dankon. Sun iya ware wani musamman gamsai dauke da carbonic, citric kuma malic acid. Slime taimaka soke inorganic salts a cikin ruwa. ƙasa barbashi ta hanyar gamsai kamar yadda idan gam ga tushen hairs ta hanyar yalwata gina jiki sha tsari.

A tsarin tushen hairs

Kara yankin na tsotsa zone ne daidai saboda tushen dankon. Alal misali, yawan hatsin rai ya kai biliyan 14 kafa a total tsawon har zuwa 10 000 km.

Bayyanar na tushen hairs sa su yi kama da fari fluff. Suna zaune ba ga tsawo - daga 10 zuwa 20 days. A samuwar sabuwar ganye a cikin shuka jiki quite a bit lokaci. Ga misali, da samuwar tushen hairs a cikin matasa apple seedlings ne da za'ayi domin 30-40 hours. Daya yankin inda akwai mutuwa daga wadannan sabon abu outgrowths har yanzu don wani lokaci za su iya sha ruwa, sa'an nan ta rufe toshe kwalaba, kuma wannan ikon da aka rasa.

Idan muka yi magana game da tsarin da harsashi gashi, na farko, ya kamata mu haskaka ta tausasãwa. Wannan yanayin na taimaka gashi zuwa sha na gina jiki. Ya cell ne kusan gama shagaltar da ta vacuole kewaye da wani bakin ciki Layer na cytoplasm. A core aka located a saman. A sarari a kusa da cell ne na musamman hali mucous, gudanarwa da gluing tushen hairs da kananan barbashi na ƙasa substrate. Saboda wannan ya karu da ƙasa hydrophilic.

A gicciye tsarin da tushen a cikin tsotsa zone

Zone na tushen hairs ana kuma sau da yawa ake magana a kai a matsayin wani sashi na bambantawa (specialization). Wannan shi ne wani hatsari. A nan a giciye sashe za a iya gani da wasu kwanciya. Shi ne saboda bambantawa na yadudduka cikin tushen.

Table "tushen tsarin a gicciye sashe" da aka gabatar a kasa.

Ya kamata a lura da cewa akwai kuma wani bambanci a cikin bawo. Its m Layer aka kira exoderm, ciki - indodem, da kuma shi ne ainihin parenchyma therebetween. Shi ne a cikin wannan tsaka-tsaki Layer ne tsari shugabanci a gina jiki bayani katako tasoshin. Har ila yau, a cikin parenchyma hada wasu m shuka kwayoyin halitta. Saboda haka, ciki tsarin da tushen ba ka damar da cikakken gamsuwa da kuma mahimmancin da ayyuka yi da kowanne daga cikin yadudduka.

rike da yanki

Located sama da ci yankin. The most tsawon kuma mafi karko sashe na tushen. A nan ne da motsi ne da muhimmanci ga shuka rayuwa da kwayoyin abubuwa. Wannan shi ne zai yiwu saboda da kyau ci gaban gudanar da kyallen takarda a cikin wannan yanki. A ciki tsarin da tushen sa a yankin na da ikon da za su kai kayan cikin biyu kwatance. Yanzu uplink (zuwa sama) motsi ne ruwa tare da narkar da ma'adinai mahadi. A sauka tsĩrar da gudanar da mahadi wanda suke da hannu a m tushen Kwayoyin. Zone na - wani wuri na ilimi na kaikaice asalinsu.

A tsarin da tushen wake sprout fili ya nuna babban matakai na samuwar shuka tushen.

Features na tsarin shuka tushen: da rabo daga surface da kuma karkashin kasa sassa

Domin da yawa shuke-shuke hali na wannan ci gaban da tushen tsarin, wadda take kaiwa zuwa ta predominance kan ƙasa da part. An misali ne kabeji, wanda yake shi ne tushen zurfin iya girma da mita 1.5. Its nisa iya zama 1 zuwa 2 mita.

Apple tushen tsarin tsiro haka cewa daukan up sarari, da diamita na wanda za isa 12 mita.

Kuma da shuka alfalfa tsawo na ƙasa bai wuce 60 cm. Yayin da tushen tsayin iya zama fiye da mita 2.

Duk da shuke-shuke da cewa rayuwa, a yankunan da yashi, kuma m kasa da tsawo sosai asalinsu. Wannan shi ne saboda gaskiyar cewa irin wannan kasa da ruwa da kuma Organic abubuwa suna da zurfi ƙwarai. A ci gaba da shuka na dogon lokaci zuwa daidaita zuwa wadannan yanayi, sannu a hankali canza tsarin da tushen. A sakamakon haka, suna da ya kai zurfin inda shuka jiki za a iya mallakan zama dole ga girmansu da ci daga abubuwa. Alal misali, tushen raƙumi spines iya zama 20 mita zurfin.

Tushen hairs na alkama branched haka karfi da cewa su duka tsawon iya isa 20 km. Duk da haka, wannan ba iyaka darajar. Unlimited apical girma na tushen in babu karfi gasar tare da sauran shuke-shuke iya kara wannan darajar har sau da yawa.

gyara na tushen

A tsarin da tushen wasu tsire-tsire na iya bambanta, kafa da ake kira canji. Wannan irin karbuwa daga shuka kwayoyin a cikin wani takamaiman mazauninsu. Kasa shi ne mai bayanin wasu gyare-gyare.

Akidar tubers ne halayyar dahlia, Chistyakov da kuma wasu sauran shuke-shuke. Kafa ta a thickening na adventitious kuma a kaikaice asalinsu.

Ivy kuma bũsa ma daban-daban tsarin fasali na vegetative gabobin. Su ne abin da ake kira-majajjawa tushen ke ba su damar jingina zuwa tsaye kusa da shuka da kuma sauran goyon bayan da suke a cikin riko.

M Tushen, halin da manyan tsawon tsotsa da ruwa ne ba a monstera da orchids.

Tashin upwardly numfashi tushen da hannu a dauke numfashi aiki. Akwai da fadama cypress, Willow gaggautsa.

Wasu jinsunan Flora, kafa wani jinsin kungiyar na shuka-m, akwai kayayyakin aikin da taimakawa ga shiga cikin rundunar kara. Wannan ake kira-sucker asalinsu. Halayyar mistletoe, dodder.

Irin wannan kayan lambu kamar su karas, beets, radishes, akwai tushen kayan lambu, wanda kafa saboda overgrowth na babban tushen, a cikin abin da na gina jiki da an kiyayeshi.

Saboda haka, tsarin fasali na tushen da shuka, zai kai ga samuwar gyare-gyare, ya dogara ne a kan al'amurra da dama. Babban wadanda ne mazauninsu da kuma juyin ci gaba.