American "Hummer" soja. "Hummer" soja: fasaha bayani dalla-dalla

"Guduma" - wani soja hawa fadi da aikace-aikace, ta ci gaba ta AM General (American General Motors) a 1981 izini da Amurka Ma'aikatar Tsaro.

A shirin an kirkiri duk-ƙasa abin hawa

A cikin seventies na karshe karni, da sojojin Amurka jagorancin tsarin ya zo ga ƙarshe cewa ATVs, manyan motoci, ƙungiyoyin kawota ta masana'antun, ba cikakken sadu da bukatun na Army. Akwai bukatar musamman Multi-manufa kai ga yau da kullum raka'a na US Army. A 1979, ya fara aiki a wata babbar aikin gina wani wheeled supervezdehoda, wanda ya karbi nadi HMMWV. The inji yi kai da m-wuta da makaman da kuma da sulke kariya. A lokacin rani na wannan shekara kamfanin "AM General" ya fara aiwatar da aikin da kuma kasa da shekara guda daga baya na farko samfur ƙarƙashin nadi M998, an gwada a filin da aka soma da soja hukumar. Bita Rover bada shawarar ga serial samar.

A kan tushen da amince M998 halitta biyu mafi SUV model: M1025 da M1026. A lokacin 1980 a masana'antu "AM General" da aka bayar 500 "guduma" da kuma sa ran samar da 55.000 motocin a cikin shirin na zamani daga 1981 zuwa 1985.

A shekarar 1989, da "Hummer" soja inji super-aji, halarci Operation hakki a mamayewa na US Army a Panama. Bayan wani "baftismar wuta" duk-ƙasa abin hawa ya zama babban abin hawa a Amurka soja.

fama da aikace-aikacen

Da farko cikin "guduma", wani soja jirgin ruwa mai ɗaukar kaya, aka kawai amfani da sufuri da na dakaru da aka ba su gani ba a matsayin mai fada inji. Motar ba da karfi da kariya da kuma ya m ga duk iri na makamai, ciki har da guda maƙiyi Shots, ba a ma maganar da na'ura gun wuta. Duk da haka, duka-ƙasa abin hawa a mafi yawan lokuta su iya zo daga dukan daga karo da abokan gaba, tsira tenacious shasi, ƙafafun da wani iko engine canza.

booking

Duk da haka, shi nan da nan ya bayyana cewa "guduma", wani soja truck ba tare da makamai, a bukatar mafi girma kariya. Kuma a sa'an nan kamfanin "AM General" model M1114 da aka tsara tare da sulke kungiyar soja. Mass samar aka ba, da mota da aka sanya yanki da kuma kananan jerin. Duk da haka, bayan da dama "guduma" a Iraki sun kashe kai tsaye yaƙin kai hare-hare tare da roka-propelled da gurneti, ATV saki aka canjawa wuri zuwa wani sulke version of Up-Armor. A daidai wannan lokaci da muke ƙarfafa dakatar da kafa wani sabon, mafi iko turbocharged dizal. Duk da windows aka maye gurbinsu da bulletproof.

A rashin iyawa don yaƙar yanayi

A tsari na juya "guduma" a cikin yaki inji faruwa, kuma shi nan da nan ya bayyana cewa mota hasarar da tuki yi saboda wani gagarumin worsening na jiki. Iko makamai faranti kare Matuka jirgin fasinja da kuma daki, muhimmanci karu da mota ta tsakiya na nauyi, wanda barnatar da rinjayar da handling. Bugu da kari, da fama da yin amfani da dukkan-ƙasa abin hawa a cika ba zai yiwu ba saboda ta shigewa zuwa nawa fashe, wanda ana iya halaka su da wata bakin ciki kasa na na'ura.

modernization

Soja "guduma", siffofin wanda bai sadu da bukatunsu na fama, shi yana cikin bukata na m bita. Ga motocin sanye take da kananan makamai a kan rufi, amma ba ni da wani kayan aikin kare sojan igwa. Hakika, idan da na'ura da aka halitta a matsayin hanyar yaki, da mataki na kariya da ma'aikata za su yafi hakan. Kuma yanzu lissafta ga gyaggyarawa cikin shakka daga cikin zane don kara fama damar Rover.

"Hummer" soja: fasaha bayani dalla-dalla

A 1995, da serial samar da sabunta hanyoyin model M1114 ECV shasi aka kaddamar. Wannan shi ne wani soja Jeep "guduma" tare da wani mika hanya da kuma kara da girma wanda ba ko da yaushe a yarda wa laima inji kamar yadda duk-ƙasa abin hawa da aka sanya ba a daya jirgin sama.

Ƙasa abin hawa kaya damar 2 tons. A iyakar gudu daga cikin na'ura tare da engine "Ford" - 88 km / h. ƙasa abin hawa gudun dizal engine turbocharged lamba "Detroit Diesel V8" kai 135 km / h. Fuel amfani a cikin game da 23 lita 100 kilomita. Axels 4 × 4 mota.

ikon shuka

Amurka soja "guduma" sanye take da dama iri injuna. Daga cikin fetur injuna amfani Ford V8, Silinda damar 5373 cc / cm, damar 135 lita. s., da dirka abin da ya ishe domin motsi na mota a filin tare da cikakken kaya, amma ba don high-gudun tuki a kan hanya, saboda watsa amfani low kaya rabo.

Engine alama "Detroit Diesel da V8", turbocharged dizal engine, wanda tasowa ikon 195 l. c., lokacin da Silinda girma 6450 cc / cm.

Dukansu injuna suna sanye take da hydromechanical 4-gudun atomatik iri GM 4L80-E, samar da "General Motors".

Girma da kuma nauyi halaye

"Guduma" (US soja) yana da wadannan girma:

• ƙwanso tsawon - 4600 mm.
• tsawo - 1800 mm.
• nisa - 2100 mm.
• wheelbase - 3300 mm.
• matse - 1829 mm.
• babban nauyi - 4672 kg.
• net nauyi - 2676 kg.

"Guduma" a yau

A halin yanzu, Amirka masana suna tasowa da wani asali nau'i na kariya a kan tushen da Bae Systems System amfani ga sarrafawa sojojin raka'a. Wurin zama kare da kibiya 50-mm karfe faranti. HMMWV sanye take da sabuwar batun na gun tsarin na Salvo wuta kananan-zamo mai ramut. Saboda haka, da harbe-harben za a iya za'ayi ba tare da barin cikin taksi. A wasu gyare-gyare "guduma" sa tsarin "Boomerang", wanda counteracts da maharbi harin. Zabuka rajista a na'ura, za ka iya nan take gano wuri da maharbi, kuma ya halaka shi da sama wuta.

Wasu kasashe a Turai da Arewacin Afrika saya "guduma" for ciki amfani, wato ya kashe zafin rikice-rikice tasowa spontaneously a yankin ƙasarsu. Saukake maneuverable Rover sanye take da ruwa-jet bindigogi, Pistols da tukwãne m ga harbe-harben da gurneti da sledotochivym gas. Amurka soja "guduma", farashin wanda bai dame gwamnatin kasashen da wani m siyasa halin da ake ciki, shi ne manufa domin wannan manufar.

Armoured "Humvees", don samar da karin kuma mafi motoci suna sayen uku kasashe domin su ayyuka, dokar tilasta yin aiki, domin 'yan sanda da kuma soja sintiri sintiri. A shekara ta 2007, jiki manajan da Amurka sojin rundunar jiragen ruwa ta yi} orafin da niyyar sauya fugasozaschischennye MRAP sulke motocin "guduma", saboda m rollovers high MRAP kai-propelled bindigogi da kuma su kasa permeability.

gyare-gyare

Fiye da shekaru 35 na samarwa, "guduma" an halitta a kan talatin daban-daban ƙasa abin hawa gyare-gyare. A cikin jerin da main zažužžukan, salla-samar da aiki a soja mahadi don su muradi:

• IMETS - mobile weather sabis.
• Ground Motsi Vehicle - da hannu inji sadarwa;
• Lazer System - neutralizing maƙiyi manyan bindigogi Laser tsarin.
• M1109 - wani model na ƙara tsaro tare da kananan makamai da kuma makamai.
• M1097 - da HMMWV nauyi "azabar ramuwa".
• M1069 - tarakta haske manyan bindigogi, igwa zamo 100 mm.
• M1046 - ruggedized inji tare da ja anti-tanki hadaddun ayyuka.
• M1045 - na'ura mai ruggedized, tare da ja da winch hadaddun.
• M1044 - inji, sanye take da makamai da kuma hau.
• M1042 - S250 na'ura mai ga harkokin sufuri kayan aiki, tare da winch.
• M1038 - kasuwanci embodiment da winch.
• M1036 - wani sulke abin hawa da winch da kuma ja hadaddun.
• M1035 - motar asibiti tare da m rumfa kuma kofa hudu taksi.
• M997 - tsafta na'ura mai da 4-seater gida, sulke.
• M996 - motar asibiti tare da wata biyu gida, gashi.
• M966 - HMMWV, gashi, da ja anti-tanki hadaddun.
• M56 - hayaki inji "Coyote".

Bincike da kuma nawa-share inji

gyara na "guduma" an halitta dangane da M1114 shasi for offline biyu-mako zirga-zirga, da ma'aikatan hudu da kuma wani ƙara matakin na ballistic kariya. Armoured Corps nuna hari na 7-millimeter harsasai daga atomatik makamai, iska ayukan iska mai ƙarfi harsasai da kuma fashewar anti-tanki mahakar. Motar da aka fentin a sake kamanni sake kama yashi da kuma damar da m kula da abubuwa a nesa na mita 800.

Gyara M1115 yi nufi ga demining na yankunan, da gine-gine, hangars, warehouses da karkashin kasa da Tsarin. A cikin mota, mayar da hankali duk dole kayan aiki don neman mahakar da kuma fashewar bawo, kazalika da wani sa na na'urorin da cewa samar da undermining da kuma zubar da tarin harsasai samu. A kayan aiki na musamman motocin hada sets na tufafi don deminers tsunduma a subversive ayyukan.

"Hummer M1116" - sulke abin hawa hari, tsara don saukowa daga kai jirgin sama da laima da matukan jirgin na hudu.

kudin na

Car soja rarrabuwa "guduma" ba sau da yawa gani a showrooms a Rasha, 'yan motoci da aka miƙa for sale, ne quite tsada. Farashin zangon dabam daga 730 000 rubles ga tsohon, bukata gyara Rover, to 6,65 miliyan ga mota na da lafiya, da 'yan saki na shekara.