Ilimi Old Rasha jihar

A cewar wasu masu bincike, da samuwar na zamanin d Rasha jihar shi sakamakon na hada Eastern Slavic kabilu. Duk da haka, akwai takaddama tsakanin yawa masana tarihi a kan samuwar iko. Wannan shi ne saboda ya samo asali game da shekaru 200 da suka wuce, abin da ake kira "Norman ka'idar".

A zamanin d tarihin shekara 862 ake cewa lokaci sadaukarwa Varangian sarakuna da rinjaye a kan su Rurik a cikin Slavic asashe. Wannan bukatar ta taso saboda da yaduwa daga ciki jayayya. The mazaunan Scandinavia (Prince-Vikings) an kira a wasu kafofin "arewacin mutane" - da Normans.

Tattaunawa game da sadaukarwa fara a cikin 18th karni bayan da aka kafa da Academy of Sciences da sake fasalin na Bitrus 1. A wannan lokacin, gayyace su bauta a St. Petersburg Academy of Schletzer, Miller da Bayer ya zama cikin wadanda suka kafa zaton game da yadda ilimi ya Tsohon Rasha jihar. "Norman ka'idar" da shawara cewa, jihar kawo Scandinavians. Saboda haka, ikon da aka ba kafa ta Slavs, da shugabanni, da Vikings. A lokaci guda ya fara yada, da kuma sauran, "antinormannskoe zato." Its kafa, Lomonosov da Trediakovskii jãyayya da cewa samuwar zamanin d Rasha jihar ne bashi da Slavs.

A daya mataki ko wani, mafi yawan masana tarihi a cikin karni na 19th sun proponents na hasashe game da samuwar da Vikings iko. Duk da haka, tarihi kimiyya na karni na 20th Norman ka'idar hõre tsanani zargi. A sakamakon haka, a yau mafi yawan masana kimiyya da masu bincike na tarihi ba ƙaryatãwa game da tasirin wasu daga cikin Normans a cikin samuwar na Rasha statehood, amma har wannan tasiri ne ba karin gishiri.

A cikin Eastern Slavic kabilu, da shugabannin kira da Prince. Pedigree na sarakuna da masu mulki na jihar da aka gudanar Prince Rurik ta Vikings.

Bayan rasuwar Rurik, Prince of Novgorod, da Vikings zo da Dnieper. A farko real m na zamanin d Rasha ya Oleg. Game da rike da sahihan bayanai. Oleg fara unifying ƙasashe na Slavic kabilu. A 882, ya kama Kyiv, kashe mulki a can Askold da Dir. Yin birnin da babban birnin kasar, Oleg kira ta "Uwar Rasha birane." Saboda haka, akwai samuwar Old Rasha jihar Kievan Rus.

A zamanin mulkin Oleg Na yi wasu kyau fadace-fadace tare da m Rum, sau biyu ya je hawan dutse zuwa Konstantinoful. A sakamakon wannan aiki a cikin 907 da kuma 911 da shekaru Rasha ta shiga cikin yarjejeniyar zaman lafiya da m.

Tsohon Rasha jihar samuwar ci gaba bayan bayan Oleg aka yi nasara da Igor. A cewar wasu kafofin, ya kuwa ɗan Rurik. A zamanin mulkin Igor ci gaba hada da Kievan Rus daban-daban tribal tsarin. Saboda haka, ya kasance instrumental a cikin haihuwa na Rasha ƙauyuka a kan sashin na Taman, yawaita incriminating. Bugu da kari, Igor sosai rayayye ci gaba da kasashen waje da manufofin na Oleg. Bayan da soja kamfen da Rum da ya sanya hannu da shi a cikin 944 a moriyar yarjejeniya. Daya daga cikin na farko Prince Igor karo da wani Baturke jama'a kungiyar - Pechenegs.

A farko mulkin da aka sani tarihi, ya Olga, da gwauruwa daga Prince Igor. Princess gudanar ya rike a kan mulki, ba kawai a kan Kiev, amma kuma bisa dukan Rus. A zamanin mulkin Olga sun tsananin kayyade tributary wajibai.

Tsohon Rasha jihar ilimi dade har zuwa zamanin mulkin Yaroslav (1019-1054). Wannan m aka lakabi da "Mai hikima". Jaroslav sõyayya a ikon kusan duk tsoho Rasha asashe. Prince ɗauki "Rasha Gaskiya" na farko majalisu code. A zamanin mulkinsa, da daular kai da tsawo na da iko.