Belarushiyanci cosmonauts cikakken bayanai da kuma nasarorin da suka samu

A sarari fiye da ɗari biyar mutane da aka aiko. Uku daga cikinsu - Belarusians Oleg Novitsky, Vladimir Kovalenok Peter Klimuk. Wadannan sunayen sun saba wa kowane mazaunin dab da Rasha jamhuriyar. A wannan labarin, za ka za a sanar da na Belarushiyanci 'yan saman jannati. Bari mu fara.

A tarihin

A 2015, 'yan adam ya yi bikin 58th tunawa da cika shekaru da sarari shekaru. Yana duk fara Oktoba 5, 1957, idan Soviet masana kimiyya da aka kaddamar a cikin sarari guda "Sputnik 1". Ga dukan mazaunan duniya da aka bude wannan zamanin na taurari, da taurari da kuma sabon halittu.

Ba da da ewa m aikin injiniya zukatanku suka shirya kome da kome, domin na gaba mataki na ci gaba da baki abyss. Kuma a kan Afrilu 12 1961, da ya aikata shi da wani nasara. Yuri Gagarin ne ya fara mutum wanda ya tashi a cikin sarari. Kuma wannan na farko ƙoƙari a ci daga Extraterrestrial sarari ya zama alama taron a tarihi na duniya.

Fiye da shekaru 50 na sarari bincike ya samo asali quite wani m taki. Jama'a da dama da aka kaddamar orbital tashoshin da kuma daruruwan tauraron dan adam. Sun kasance yawa fasaha da kimiyya da gwaje gwajen kimiyya. Kuma, ba shakka, a sosai gagarumin taimako ga wannan sanya ta Belarushiyanci cosmonauts. Game da mafi shahara daga abin da muka bayyana a kasa.

Peter Klimuk

Wannan mutumin yana bukatar wani gabatarwar. Kuma waɗanda suka ba su sani ba, Peter Klimuk - wannan shi ne na farko Belarushiyanci cosmonaut, masanin kimiyyar, Kanar-Janar, Doctor of Technical Sciences. A shekarar 1965, ya soja kurum marar a detachment na marinjaya taurarin sama. Daga baya ya zama abokin aiki na Gagarin. Bitrus yana nan kawai shekaru 23 da haihuwa. A saurayin ya je sama jannati horo ba ne. Wannan ya sa shi ba kawai tabbaci ga tashi a jirgin ruwa, kamar "Union", amma kuma aiki lafiya a kan orbital tashoshin na type "Ku gai". A matsayin kwamandan, ya sanya 3 sarari tafiya.

farko jirgin

Yana da ya faru a 1973. Klimuk gangarawa "Soyuz-13". A tsawon lokaci da jirgin ne kawai a kan wani mako. A shekarar 1975, Petra Ilicha soja kurum marar a ajiye ƙungiya "Soyuz 17". A cikin wannan shekara da ya zama understudy Klimuk kwamandan "18-1-Union", wanda, da rashin alheri, m farko.

na biyu jirgin

Yana da ya faru a watan Mayu 1975, kuma šauki muddin 62 days. Petru Ilichu taimaka jirgin m Sevastyanov. Ba da da ewa bayan da jirgin "Soyuz-18-2" ya samu nasarar docked da orbital tashar "Salyut-4". Bayan ya dawo da mu duniya Klimuk fara da za a horar da a karkashin shirin "Intercosmos".

The uku jirgin

A lokacin da na uku jirgin a watan Yuni 1978, Peter Ilyich jagoranci kasa da kasa ƙungiya kan daidai da Polish cosmonaut Germashevsky. Sarrafa "Soyuz-30" nasarar docked zuwa tashar "Salyut-6", wanda aka dauke Ivanchenkov da Kovalenok. Wannan lokaci Klimuk zauna a sarari har kwana bakwai. Its overall tsawon jirgin ne 78 kwana da kuma 18 hours.

waje sarari

Nan da nan bayan da uku jirgin Bitrus Ilich aka nada a matsayin shugaban sashen siyasa a Cosmonaut Training Center (CTC) Gagarin. Sa'an nan Klimuk ya zama mataimakin shugaban. A shekarar 1983, ya samu ƙarin horo a Soja Siyasa Academy, Lenin (a baya nan). Kuma ya kare rubutun a shekarar 1987. A 'yan shekaru (daga 1979 zuwa 1984) ya mataimakin Koli Soviet na Tarayyar Soviet.

Order

Peter Klimuk kamar yadda sauran Belarushiyanci 'yan saman jannati, yana da dama awards. Shi ne mai yabon na Jihar Prize da Tarayyar Soviet da kuma Rasha Federation. Har ila yau, Peter Ilyich aka bayar uku oda na Lenin, da Order "Ga Services ga Mahaifa, mahaifiyata", da Order of Friendship na Peoples, da kuma samu lambar zinariya Tsiolkovsky. Klimuk sunan titi a birane kamar Klotsk da Rogachev, da kuma a cikin kauyuka Rubel, Lower Terebezhov da Motol. A Breste Petru Ilichu shigar da wani tagulla fasa.

Vladimir Kovalenok

Duk wani biography na Belarushiyanci 'yan saman jannati na ƙwarai, amma labarin na da rai na nasara taurarin sama, watakila mafi ban sha'awa. Bari mu fara da cewa jirgin da aka a Kovalenok gaba daya "kore" da shekaru. Amma, kamar yadda ya juya waje, shekaru 22 da haihuwa ba nuni. Vladimir zama babban "dunƙule" irin kumbon sama jannati "Soyuz". Don su ne ya yi nasara da uku taurarin sararin samaniya.

Fara na sabis

Kamar yadda da dukan Belarushiyanci 'yan saman jannati Kovalenok samu mai kyau horo a soja jirgin sama makaranta. Ya kammala karatunsa a shekarar 1963, ya tafi aiki a kai da jirgin sama. Vladimir tashi AN-24 co-matukin jirgi. A tsawon lokaci, da saurayi aka ciyar da su kwamandan. A shekarar 1965, ya zama dan takarar Kovalenok cosmonaut. Duk da haka, ya aka ba sa suna, da kuma bar a ajiye. Horar hanya zuwa tashi zuwa sararin wani saurayi ya fara aukuwa shekaru biyu daga baya.

farko jirgin

A watan Oktoba 1977, Vladimir aikata wa "Soyuz-25" na farko jirgin. Kovalenok shi ne shugaban jirgin. Har ila yau kunshe a cikin ƙungiya Vladimir Ryumin. A cewar jirgin shirin, "Union" da aka za'ayi Tashar sarrafa tare da tashar "Salyut-6". Amma wannan bai faru ba saboda da sharuddan sauyawa aiki rendezvous tsarin a gaggawa yanayin. Flight tsaya prematurely. Jimlar lokacin ciyar a sarari ya kasance 2 days.

na biyu jirgin

Yana faru a 1978, da kuma dauki yawa fiye da na farko. Kovalenok ya sake kwamandan na jirgin. Wannan lokaci ya jagoranci ƙungiya daga "Soyuz-29". The shirya Tashar sarrafa tare da "Salyut-6" tashar babbar nasara. A lokacin ziyararsa a kan shi, Vladimir Vasilyevich ƙungiya dauki biyu na kasa da kasa expeditions: Jamus-Soviet (Ian Bykovskii) da kuma Yaren mutanen Poland-Soviet (Germashevsky, Klimuk). 29 Yuli Kovalenok a hade tare da Ivanchenko da za'ayi a cikin taurarin sararin samaniya. Waje da jirgin ruwa, sun kasance kadan a kan sa'o'i biyu. Nuwamba 2 Vladimir koma gida zuwa "Union-31." A total tsawon lokaci na biyu da tafiya na kusan ɗari da arba'in da kwana.

uku jirgin

Wannan lokaci Kovalenok gangarawa "Soyuz T-4." Tare da shi ya tashi da sananne Viktor Savinykh. Kuma sun samu nasarar docked sake zuwa "Salyut-6". Kamar karshe lokaci, da 'yan saman jannati dauki biyu na kasa da kasa expeditions: da Romanian-Soviet (Prunariu, Popov) da kuma Mongolian-Soviet (Gurragcha, Janibekov). A tsawon lokaci da jirgin ya kusa da saba'in da kwanaki biyar.

Bi-up sabis

A shekarar 1984, Vladimir nasarar sauke karatu daga Soja Academy of Gaba Staff. Sa'an nan ya aka nada mataimakin babban 1st iko Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Center, wanda aka shirya 'yan saman jannati. A dangane da wannan ganawa ne ba su shiga a cikin flights.

Daga shekarar 1989 zuwa 1992 ya yi aiki ga MP. A shekarar 1991 ya shugabanci Belarushiyanci Federation of Cosmonautics. A shekarar 1993, Vladimir da aka bai da daraja na Janar Kanar sufurin jiragen sama. A 2001, ya jagoranci Rasha Federation of Cosmonautics. Ya aka saki a watan Yuni 2002 a kan samar da shekaru.

karrama

A labarin game da Belarushiyanci jannati Kovalenko, za mu kammala canja wuri na ta data kasance umarni. Vladimir yana a cikin kadara uku oda na Lenin, 'yan umarni "Ga Service ga Mahaifa, mahaifiyata" da kuma samu lambar zinariya Tsiolkovsky. A garin Krupki (Minsk yankin) Kovalenko, da tagulla fasa.

Oleg Novitsky

Wannan sunan ba na baya zuwa shahararsa na biyu da aka jera a sama. Oleg Novitsky - Belarushiyanci cosmonaut, wanda ya jagoranci jirgin "Soyuz TMA-06M". Fara aka sanya a watan Oktoba na 2012. Wannan taron ya ga dukan Belarusians sa ga girman kai. A shekara ta 2007, Novitsky wuce janar sarari horo, samu mafi girma ci. Saboda haka, ya zabi kansa ga jirgin gaba a cikin taurarin sararin samaniya.

Oleg Novitsky - Belarushiyanci cosmonaut, wanda biography da aka sani ga kowane dan kasa na kasarsa. Da ya tafi ya cinye rami mai duhu kawai bayan bikin 41st birthday. Mutanen da suka san Oleg da kaina lura da kama don Yuriem Gagarinym. Novitsky zama ta uku Byelorussian da suka ga wasu gefe na duniya. A nan gaba mai yiwuwa za su zama na huɗu nasara da baki abyss.

Nedoletevshie

Belarushiyanci cosmonauts Klimuk, Kovalyonok Novitsky da kuma iya gane mafarki je taurarin sama. Amma akwai wadanda suka ba su sarrafa su yi shi.

Boris Belousov

An haife shi a Hotimsk (Mogilev yankin) a 1930. Ya sauke karatu daga Air Force Academy Mozhaiskogo a Birnin Leningrad. A shekarar 1965, ya fara shirya domin jirgin a cikin taurarin sararin samaniya. Ba da da ewa ya aka sanya m cosmonaut. Bayan wucewa jihar jarrabawa na Belousov aka nada zuwa ƙungiya daga "Union." Kafin jirgin cikin sarari ya ba yawa. Yaba mafarki ne game da zama gaskiya ya. Amma ba zato ba tsammani Belousov aka fitar daga cikin tsari. Boris aka canjawa wuri zuwa wani soja da cibiyoyin bincike. Dalili kuwa shine, da takardun shaidarka kwamitin samu "duhu tabo" a cikin tarihinsa daga mahaifinsa a doka.

Anatoly Dedkov

Yana da aka haife shi a kauyen Lucin (Gomel yankin) a shekarar 1944. Ya sauke karatu daga Kharkov Soja Aviation School. Da zarar ya ƙudura wannan tun a cosmonaut kungiyar soja. Nasarar wucewa jihar jarrabawa, shirya tashi zuwa da orbital tashar "Salyut" da "Soyuz". A 1977 Dedkova nada shugaban 2nd ƙungiya a cikin "Salyut-6" da "Soyuz-26". Duk tsare-tsaren da suka haye m Tashar sarrafa na 1st ƙungiya, wanda hada da irin Belarushiyanci 'yan saman jannati a matsayin Ryumin da Kovalyonok. "Top" ya zo da oda: daya memba na ƙungiya dole jirgin kwarewa. Wannan shawarar Dedkova tura zuwa karshen jerin gwano, wanda aka shekara a bayansa da ta ƙaramin nema.

magwajin

A na gaba 6 shekaru Anatoly Ivanovich tsunduma a gwaji na sarari fasaha a matsananci yanayi. Ya yi da jirgin sama a cikin teku, da kuma inda ba wanda yake zaune yankunan (taiga, jungles, Hamada). Har ila yau Dedkov aikata spacewalk a cikin kwat da wando "Orlan" da kuma gwada da spacesuit "Sokol". Ya yi fiye da 50 kumbon sama jannati landings parachuting daban-daban matakan rikitaccen. Amma da yawan gwaje-gwajen (wani lokacin m ga kiwon lafiya) bai taimaki Anatoly Ivanovich zuwa sararin Subhana. A sakamakon haka, ya aka dauka a Ofishin Jakadancin Control Center a matsayin shugaba sadarwarka. Kanar Dedkov taba gudanar da zama na uku Byelorussian, mamaya rami mai duhu.

Alexander Shchukin

An haife shi a shekarar 1946 a Vienna (Wienn), Austria, a cikin iyali. Shchukin sauke karatu daga makarantar sakandare gwajin matukan jirgin, da kuma bayan - Moscow sufurin jiragen sama Cibiyar. Alexander karanta abubuwa da yawa game da Belarushiyanci 'yan saman jannati da kuma yin mafarki ya yi nasara da taurari sarari. A sakamakon haka, Shchukin aka aiko domin horo ga shirin "Buran", karkashin jagorancin Igor Volk. Amma Alexander ta mafarki ba gaskiya. Ya fadi a kan jirgin Su-26M a lokacin shiri na hutu a Zhukovsky. A ce jirgin sama jirgin horo Shchukin yi tare da makasudin zuwa gwada shi zuwa juya. Abin baƙin ciki, Alexander bai iya kawo jirgin sama daga cikin m gwamnatin, sa'an nan ta tsaya a bala'i.