Na farko da dutse coci Ancient Rus ne mai ibada?

Alama ce da Orthodox al'adu na zamanin d Rasha sun kasance kullum majami'u. A kyau da kuma girma da na addini fara tare da coci rayuwa cibiyar - Orthodox majami'u.

Daga itace da dutse

Yawan gandun daji a Rasha rinjayi ruwan dare na itace yi. Itacen da aka dauke a cheap abu, da kuma wahalar da hakar gina da dutse kuma rinjayar da darajar.

History of Ancient Rus ya bayyana cewa itace da kusan duk gine-gine: hasumiya, manyan gidãje, gidajen manoma, kazalika da coci. Shiga ne babban kashi na wani zane. Creative kayayyaki da aka iyakance. 'Yan shiga matsananciyar gwaje-gwajen da za a kashe a search na madadin abu. Classic zane na baƙauye bukkoki murabba'i log bukkokin. More hadaddun abun da ke ciki ne da 'ya'yan sarakuna ba hasumiya, hipped coci.

Shi ne saboda fragility na da yawa daga cikin ginin abu na zamanin d gine da aka rasa.

dutse yi

Tare da Baftisma Rus alaka dutse yi. Na farko da dutse coci Ancient Rus shi ne wanda aka gina a Kiev Konstantinoful gine-ginen. Masana tarihi yi imani da ranar taron 989 th shekara. Kafin wannan, ma, sun haikali, amma katako tsarin.

Idan ka yi imani da tarihi, da gina haikalin da aka gama a 996 th, amma sai aka tsarkake.

Alama ce addini da kuma al'adar

A rabo daga muminai zuwa ga haikalin ya kasance kullum musamman a Orthodoxy. Sau da yawa da gina sabon coci ya faru a ranar da gudummawa.

Kafe hadisin da ke a cikin Tsohon Alkawali. Bisa ga tarihin da shi gano cewa na farko da dutse coci Ancient Rus ne Church Mai Tsarki Virgin, ko wasu sauran - Church of zakar. Bayan Baftisma Rus, a cikin na farko shekaru, shi ne farkon gina coci girma hadisai Byzantine da Bulgarian gine. The kafa na mai daraja sabili da aka Prince Vladimir, ya ba da ushiri na kudaden shiga.

Don wannan rana ta kasa kula da farko da dutse haikali na zamanin d Rasha a asalin siffan. Yana da aka halaka ta mangolawa a lokacin kama na Kiev. Restoration fara aiki a cikin XIX karni. Duk da haka, da zane na coci muhimmanci nuna a cikin gine na Ikklisiyoyi a ko'ina Rasha.

A na farko da dutse coci

Na farko da dutse haikali na zamanin d Rasha samu da sunan daga zakar bayar da ta sarkin ya gina. Kuma m shi tare da definition na tarihi - Church of zakar.

Lalle, na farko da dutse coci Ancient Rus ne mai tsari wanda za a iya gani da fadar coci. Daga cikin gawar wani tubali tushe masana tarihi sun kõma karshe da aka gina kusa da fadar gine-gine. Gwaji halaka ba zai iya mayar da su asalin gine-gine da bayyanar, amma a ƙarshe na masana da shi ya bukukuwan gabatarwa.

Na zama fada gabatarwa sun katako ɓangare na biyu bene na dutse fadar, ko shi ne m zuwa na farko da dutse haikali na zamanin d Rasha. Yana da wani tarihi cewa Kiev tsaya kuma daga cikin sauran birane na dutse da tubali gine. A babban birnin jihar featured a monumental gini.

Good nuna rinjayar da Greek Masters a gine-gine da zane na Transfiguration Cathedral.

A sau da sarauta daga Mstislav da Yaroslav kasar ya rabu biyu. Sai na gaba lokaci na yi. A babban birnin Chernihiv yi ya fara a baya. Mstislav aza farkon kafuwar Ceto Cathedral.

A daidai ranar fara yi ba za a iya gano a cikin rubuce kafofin. An sani cewa a 1036 ganuwar da babban coci fara, da definition, "kamar yadda yake a hannun dosyaschi dawakai worthwhile", wanda yake nufin "sosai high." A cikin tarihi na kwanan alama mutuwar Prince Mstislav.

A Kiev, Saint Sophia Cathedral aka gina daga baya Chernihiv Ceto Cathedral. Nazarin da siyasa halin da ake ciki da kuma wasu daga cikin tarihi data, da lokacin da dutse coci da aka gina, za a iya bincika a 1037. Hagia Sophia nuna sha'awar su maimaita Byzantine kayayyaki. Wannan shi ne mafi girma coci na Kievan Rus 'aka dauka a matsayin wani abin koyi a matsayin mai giciye-domed tsarin a gina Cathedrals a Novgorod da Polotsk.

A 1073 da ya kafa ɗauka cewa Cathedral na Kiev kogwanni sufi. Wannan coci taka muhimmiyar rawa a ci gaban da Rasha gine. A cikin "Crypt Paterikon" ne rikodin: "... Master of coci 4 maza" - yadda aka bayyana da isowa daga cikin gine-ginen da ginin na Konstantinoful. A cikin abun da ke ciki na coci da gine-gine na Kiev-Pechersk sufi kuma ya rinjayi Kiev Sofia. Complex tarihi na Orthodox Cathedral na ɗauka tabbatar a cikin ikon bangaskiya - babban coci cikin ƙaho up a 1942, aka mayar da a shekarun 1990s.

A karshen XI karni, a manyan tsoho Rasha birni Pereslavl zama soja da siyasa da muhimmanci. Bayan da ganuwar Kiev ƙasar, kuma duk da Dnieper River sami mafaka daga invading Polovtsian. A ƙasa na wannan babban birni fãta shimfiɗaɗɗa yi "Stone City" - Michael ta Church. A shirin na Prince Vladimir Monomakh da kuma Bishop Ifraimu zo zuwa Ƙofar Gate Church of Theodore. A 1098 a yarima ta kotu fara gina Church of Our Lady.

Bisa ga tarihin ambaci, a waje da birnin akwai alãma daga wani karamin coci a kan kogin LTE. Abin baƙin ciki Orthodox mutane da masana tarihi, pereyaslavlskie Monuments ba a kiyaye su a ranar.

Tamanin da coci - daga makaranta zuwa sarauta suna

A haikalin da Ancient Rasha rinjayi tabbatar da dalilin da sunayen tituna, hanyoyi, da kuma birane. Dukkanin abubuwan da aka hade da wuri mai tsarki, da sauri soma amfani da sunan da yake cikin Haikali, da coci.

Tsakanin Ancient Rasha majami'u kasance wuri na jam'iyya. A sabon shiri ya fara da gina Haikali - cibiyar da kowa da kowa ta rayuwa. Bauta a lokacin da aka tattara kusan dukan mazaunan kauyen. Muhimman ayyukan da kowane iyali da aka rike da bikin: bukukuwan aure, baftisma, funerals, albarka.

Haikali taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin Orthodox sadaukarwa. A ado na gabatarwa, rituals, gumaka da aka ba wa mumini bege domin ceton ransa. Bugu da kari, kowa da kowa zai iya ji dadin kyau na cikin Haikali.

Babba impetus ba Orthodoxy zama art. Su ci gaba da dauki wuri cikin haikali. Ga mumini, da coci da aka gaske a ko'ina cikin al'adu da kuma bauta. Wannan shi ne dalilin da ya sa wasu daga cikin muhimmanci events cewa ba su da alaka da rayuwa da Church, rike karkashin Dome na dakin ibada. Wadannan sun hada da: shafewa na sarakuna a kan gadon sarauta, Extreme Unction, da sanarwa na sarki doka. Kada ka manta game da kananan muhimmancin Ibada a cikin koyar da mutane rubuce-rubuce.

A da rawar a matsayin zamantakewa sabon abu a cikin rayuwa na mutane na zamanin d Rasha, gidajen lama da kuma haikalin sun wurin da horo da aka shirya, tattara bayanai archives, nazarinsa, library. A kadan daga baya, daga XIX karni, shi ya zama na farko da za a amince da lokaci makarantu, kanta makarantu.

Perfect ado domin amfanin zurriyar

Single ciki gine coci gini Ancient Rasha - rarrabe na zamani. Classic yi sun low bagaden bangare, kyale ka ka gani na sama na bagaden Haikalin.

Kowane bauta gani kusa da cibiyar ibada. Yana da muhimmanci ga wani Orthodox mutum zuwa ga allahntaka sarari, ha duniya da kuma sama Church.

A ciki ado na coci a karkashin Dokar style zo daga Byzantine hadisin. Decor haske da haske zane alama ce ta hadin kan da sama da ƙasa.

A haikalin da Ancient Rasha ta haifa da aiki na gidajen tarihi, wanda ya aurar da sauran kaya daga tsarkaka, gumaka, sauran kaya da tarihi darajar. Ga su suna daukar kwayar cutar zuwa da aminci da rubutun d¯a da kuma muhimmanci takardun. Godiya ga aikin firistoci da kuma ministoci na coci, da tarihi na zamanin d Rasha za a iya gano shi ne a zahiri ga shekaru, da kuma da yawa abubuwan tarihin sun bude Sahaban kamar yadda indisputable shaida taru a cikin coci.

Blessing kare Rasha asashe

Church tare da sojoji zuwa sabis ko yaƙi. Wani lokaci dalilin domin gina zama tunawa da wadanda aka kashe cikin yaƙi. Irin wannan majami'u da aka gina a fagen yaƙi, a matsayin alama ta nuna godiya ga sojoji ga nasara.

A peacetime, da majami'u da kuma haikalin da aka gina a cikin girmamawa ga mai da bukukuwanku na tsarkaka. Alal misali, Hawan Yesu zuwa sama na Kristi Mai-Ceto.

Girmama da tsarki - da amfani a halin yanzu

Ga mumini, da coci ya kasance kullum muhimmanci a cikin rayuwata. Saboda haka, yi ne a yarda ne kawai upscale master gine-ginen. Bazaar yankunan, taron da tarurruka na jama'a da aka gudanar a kusa da coci, kamar yadda evidenced da taswirar Ancient Rus.

Yi ba cikakken ba tare da zuba jari mai yawa kudi. Halittar hadaya kawai abu mai kyau: da kayan, ƙasar. Ganin cewa a cikin coci da aka gina a kan tudu, ko, kamar yadda magabatan ce, "a kan wani ja tabo," shi hidima a matsayin tunani batu a da zanen taswira na zamanin d Rasha, da shirin da yankin.

view na m

Construction na rufin zane dabaru ba da dutse gine inuwa katako gine. Wannan ne musamman ya furta a cikin misalai da haikali gine-gine. Rufin ci gaba da yi gable da hipped.

A kananan kauyuka, inda majami'u da aka gina suna fadin, masonry da aka za'ayi da nau'in wani baƙauye ta bukka, a lokacin da kafuwar tafi da kambi (hudu bim). Lokacin hade, suka samar da wata square ko murabba'i mai dari. A sakamakon haka ne tsarin mai yawan wreaths - firam.

More hadaddun zane, amma ga wani ba manufa domin gina majami'u. Rectangular frame canza a kan wani octagonal firam. A manufa na hada bushels octagons da kuma koma Rasha, da na dutse gine kiyaye yau.

Tanti majami'u rarraba a Rasha da irin two da Multi-storey gine-gine. Don haɗa da mutum log bukkokin, su na da alaka da juna wucewa na tsarin (galleries, da shirayi).

Tunzura da coci da gine-gine a kan dutse plinths, magina karkashin sanya barin ƙasa benaye basements, cellars da kuma dacewa da lokacin Tunnels.

Halakar haikalin da kuma Tarurrukan

Rabin karni da ya tsaya da ci gaban zamanin da gine-gine, bayan da mamayewa na Tatars. Domin daban-daban dalilai koma cikin taro Masters, painters da magina na majami'u da kuma haikalin da aka lalata.

Departing daga Byzantine model, da tsoho Ibada na Rasha a cikin 12th karni samu asali siffofin, tabbatas da ci gaban da Rasha gine.

All kana bukatar ka sani game da dalibi rayuwa a Old Rasha, ta tashi, a cikin horo da kayan for Grade 6. Ancient Rasha - da tarihi na kakanninmu, samuwar, yaƙi, nasarar mu jiha, wanda kowa da kowa ya kamata ka sani Rasha.