Animals aka jera a cikin Red Littãfi. Bison: The Red Littafi na Rasha

Daban-daban dalilai suka kai ga rage har ma da bacewar wasu jinsunan dabbobi da kuma shuke-shuke. Don dakatar da wannan tsari, mutãne ya ƙirƙira Red Littãfi. Yana da irin jerin miyagun tsuntsaye, da dabbobi, da kwari, da sauransu. N. Take, misali, irin dabba a matsayin bison. The Red Littafi na Rasha classifies shi a matsayin "farauta".

A tarihin na Red Littafi

A 1948, kasa da kasa Union for kiyayewa Nature, rage tsawon IUCN jagoranci aiki a kan yanayin kariya daga daban-daban da kungiyoyi da ke aiki a mafi yawan kasashen. Ba da da ewa an halitta Species Survival Hukumar. Manufar wannan hukumar ya haifar da duniya ta jerin dabbobi barazana tare da nau'i nau'i.

Aiki ga mai zuwa babban. Ya zama dole ba ne kawai don kafa na kowa ka'ida don kariya daga rare dabbobi, amma kuma su gane namun dajin, su sa rarrabuwa, kuma yafi. Lokacin da aikin da aka yi, da littafin yanke shawarar kira da ja saboda gaskiyar cewa launi sakonni na hatsari.

A ja littafin da aka buga a 1963 da kuma hada mai bayanin 312 jinsunan da subspecies tsuntsaye da 211 jinsunan da subspecies na dabbobi masu shayarwa. Kowane m edition ya mika ta jerin miyagun dabbobi da tsuntsaye. A wannan jerin akwai bison. IUCN Red List, duk da haka, da dangantaka da shi zuwa category na m maimakon miyagun.

The Red Littafi na Rasha

The Red Littafi na Rasha Federation da aka buga a 2001. Duk da yake tushen da aka dauka ta Red Littafi na RSFSR, shi ya wani sabon, sosai bita da kuma fadada edition. Yana hada halittar dabba mai kafafuwa, da abubuwa masu rarrafe, da tsuntsaye da kuma dabbobi masu shayarwa - 231 halittun. Wannan shi ne 73 bisa dari fiye da a baya littafin. Abu mai muhimmanci ya karu da jerin kwaro, kifi da kifi-kamar. Wasu jinsunan bayan hankali da aiki, a maimakon haka, an cire daga jerin.

Duk da haka, irin wannan dabba a matsayin bison Turai, da Red Littafi na Rasha Federation ya a cikin jerin. Haka kuma, Turai bison aka kasafta a matsayin "miyagun."

The most dabbobi masu shayarwa a Turai

Mutum da ya fi girma ƙasar dabbobi masu shayarwa a Turai ba ya wanzu. Bison ne sosai a kusa da American dan uwan - bison.

By nauyi bison iya isa 1 ton na jiki tsawon - 330 cm, tsawo - mita biyu. Da gashi ne mai duhu da launin ruwan kasa a launi.

Daga ya bauna hump yana da mafi girma, ƙara da kaho mai wutsiya.

A lifespan na bison ne 23-25 shekaru. Kara ta size, ya ya riga ya kai a 5-6 shekara.

Bison fi son su rayu a cikin shanu. Amma, Characteristically, a wani garke na mace kujeru. Kuma shi ya kunshi yafi na matasa 'yan maruƙa da mãtã. Adult maza fi son ya zama shi kadai. A kawai ziyarci da wani garke domin ma'abota.

Af, da mace bison shaida, da matasa, fiye da watanni 9. Kawai, sabanin wani mutum Toddler, Zubrenok awa samun a kan ƙafafunsa da kuma shirye su gudu ga mahaifiyarsa. Kuma bayan kwanaki ashirin ya iya ci nasu sabo ne ciyawa. Ko da yake mace feed da jariri madara ba ya hana a cikin watanni biyar.

Akwai biyu subspecies na manyan dabba - bison Bialowieza da Caucasus. IUCN Red List A karshen tana nufin dadaddun nau'in.

Bison rai yanki

A tsakiyar zamanai wannan dabba ya rayu a wani babban yanki - daga Yammacin Siberia zuwa Yaren Kasar Larabawa. Duk da haka, farauta da farautar sun taka rawa a wani kaifi karu a su lambobi. Kammala yakin duniya na farko ne a datti kasuwanci.

Akwai shaida da cewa na karshe saura a daji bison aka kashe a cikin Bialowieza Forest a 1921, da kuma a cikin Caucasus - a 1926. A zoos da kuma a ɓõye a lokacin da aka kiyaye 66 bison.

International Society for kiyayewa da bison, kafa a shekarar 1923, aka yi nufi ga gudanar da aikin dawo da yawan rare dabbobi kamar bison. The Red Littãfi da aka har yanzu ba ƙirƙira. Yana iya bayyana cewa, duniya al'umma ya jimre da wannan aiki. Yau, bison har fitina daga zoos ga yanayi da rayuwa a Poland, Belarus, Lithuania, Moldova, Spain, Ukraine, Jamus da kuma Slovakia.

Yadda za a mayar da yawan bison

Aiki don mayar da ƙarfin da bison aka fara kafin yakin duniya na biyu, yafi a cikin Bialowieza Forest a Poland, da kuma Zoological Parks a Turai. A fili yake cewa yaki ya hallaka sakamakon wannan aikin.

Ci gaba bi bayan shi. bison ceto tsunduma sake a Bialowieza Forest, amma a cikin tarayyar Soviet. Wannan aiki ne mai nasara, da kuma a 1961 da bison fara shirya a cikin halitta mazauninsu.

Af, idan Bialowieza bison ci gaba da isasshen domin kara play, da Caucasus ya tsira a cikin zaman talala kawai a guda kwafin. Saboda haka muna da asali matasan dabbobi.

Caucasian wisent

A wani hanya, an kira Dombay kuma tana nufin karafa da gandun dabbobi. Wannan subspecies na Turai bison rayu a cikin gandun daji na Main Caucasus Range. Ya yi kadan karami fiye da ta Turai da ɗan'uwana, kuma duhu a launi. Bugu da kari, ya curly gashi, kuma mafi karfi mai lankwasa ƙahoni.

Rayuwa Hasashen Caucasian Wisent ya da ɗan baya wa ɗan'uwansa da Bialowieza. A kadan fiye da shekaru 20, zai ciyar da mafi Hardy, daga gare su.

Duk da haka, mutane suna kullum yanka dabba. A sakamakon tsakiyar karni na 19th Dombaev shi ya ba fiye da 2000 mutane, da kuma bayan yakin duniya na farko - 500 guda.

Gaskiyar farautar, wanda daga karshe ya hallaka Dombaev. Haka ya faru a 1927 a Dutsen Alous. Yana nan bace daga fuskar duniya Caucasian bison. IUCN Red List classifies shi zuwa "dadaddun nau'in" category.

Tarurrukan bison a cikin Caucasus

Hakika, an daina Dombay. Duk da haka, da Turai bison a cikin Caucasus bayyana sake.

A lokacin rani na 1940 a cikin Caucasian Reserve tsĩrar da namiji da dama mãtã bison. Suka haye tare da Bialowieza-Caucasian bison. A karshe har yanzu kiyaye su a cikin wasu zoos a duniya.

The aiki na masana kimiyya nasara. Yanzu da Caucasian bison ba sosai daban-daban daga cikin 'yan qasar wurare na Dombai. Duk da haka, a cikin free yanayin da bison ba rayuwa. Suna samuwa ne kawai a kare yankunan: Caucasus da kuma Teberda da Tseyskoe a ajiye a Arewa Ossetia.

Regional Red Data Books

A yankuna da dama na Rasha Federation da aka buga nasu yanki Red Data Books. Wannan ya yi ba mafi muhimmancin ga kariya daga rare jinsunan dabbobi, da tsuntsaye da kuma shuke-shuke a cikin yankin. Hakika, ba duk wadannan jinsuna ne muhimmi a kan duniya sikelin. Amma da na gida Flora da fauna ne babu kasa mai muhimmanci ga al'ummar da suke zaune a can fiye da guda namun dajin a duniya.

Duk da haka, wasu jinsunan yankin Red Data Books da duniya muhimmanci. Alal misali, bison. The Red Littafi na Krasnodar Territory hada da dabba. Saboda bison rai yanki a Rasha kara da daruna na White kuma Malaya Laba, wani ɓangare na wanda aka located in Krasnodar. Kuma a yanzu, akwai 'yan kaxan. Amma a tsakiyar karni na 19th shi ya ba nadiri bison Kuban. The Red Littãfi ne yanzu yayi kashedin game da kula da wadannan dabbobi.

Bugu da kari, da Rasha makaranta ilimi shirin da nufin ba kawai domin qarfafa a yara a soyayya ga ƙasar haihuwarmu, amma kuma m na Flora da fauna. Daya daga cikin mafi m daga gare su ne bison. Red Littafi ga yara a cikin hotuna ya nuna shi a duk da daukaka. Wannan ne bayyananne misali da abin da ban mamaki dabbobi iya bace daga fuskar duniya ba tare da kariya.

Bison gandun daji a Rasha

Da farko gandun daji a Rasha da aka kafa a shekarar 1948 a birnin Moscow yankin, Serpukhov gundumar, a cikin iyakoki na data kasance akwai Muciya Reserve. Tun shekarar 1959, shi aiki a gandun daji a Spassky gundumar Ryazan yankin. Tun shekarar 1989, da maras tauyewa yawan bison ne a cikin Vladimir yankin. The ajiye "Kaluga Zaseki" (iyakar Kaluga, Orel da Tula yankuna) sanaki da dama kungiyoyin da bison a cikin adadin 120 mutane.

A shekarar 1996, da bison aka kawo a cikin kasa shakatawa "Orel Woodland", dake a arewa maso yamma na Oryol yankin. Yanzu su yawan ya karu zuwa 208 mutane.

Duk da haka, mafi yawan bison zaune a mahaifarsa - a cikin Bialowieza Forest, wanda aka sani da za a located a kan ƙasa na kasashen biyu: Poland da kuma Belarus. The National Park "Belovezhskaya Pushcha" Belarus da yawan bison ne 360 mutane, yayin da a Poland - game 400. Tare, sai suka samar da mafi girma da yawan jama'a na wannan rare nau'in a duniya. Af, shi ne wata alama ce Belarus bison. IUCN Red List, yi tunani, na nufin wani dabba m category.