Archimedes karfi

Genius Archimedes girma a wani iyali na lissafi, samu wani kyakkyawan ilimi a Alexandria, kuma ya rayu duk rayuwarsa a cikin Sicilian garin Syracuse. Ya zama kafa na msar tambayar makanikai, nasarar yi aiki a kan matsalar na gano da surface yankin da kuma girma na daban-daban siffofi da kuma jikinsu. Sau da yawa tuna sanannen magana, "Ka ba ni da wani wuri zuwa tsaya kuma zan matsawa duniya!" Kuma da motsin rai "Eureka!" Lokacin da ya buɗe dokar, mai suna bayan sunansa. Amma, a Bugu da kari, ya kasance wani fitaccen masanin kimiyyar a filin na lissafi da kuma makanikai, da injiniya nasarori sun ban mamaki Sahaban ƙarfin hali ra'ayoyi da kuma babban sakamako. Ya gina wani catapult da vysokopritselnym amai da tsarin ta block-hannu inji damar zuwa dauke da jirgin sama da ruwa, kuma suka ƙãga wani block solntseotrazhayuschih madubai ƙone Roman jiragen ruwa a lokacin da kewaye na Syracuse.

Daga cikin sauran binciken da ta haɗu tarihi da sunan wannan m masanin kimiyya a kimiyyar lissafi zai har abada kasance da Archimedes karfi. Wannan bincike da aka hade da m bukatun: bukata domin sanin jewelers kirki, to, ka ƙera kambi ga sarki Hiero II. Abin da a yanzu ake kira da musamman nauyi, aka kyau a san ko a cikin waɗancan kwanaki, amma yadda za a ƙayyade yawan irin wannan hadadden samfurin, shi ya ba bayyananne. Legend danganta da wuya bude Archimedes 'manufa tare da shan wanka masana kimiyya. Jigon da samu ya ta'allaka ne da cewa jiki a cikin ruwa abubuwa buoyancy na Archimedes, da definition wanda shi ne batun lura na musamman na zane-zane na yin iyo dabaru, na'urorin aiki a taya, a karkashin ruwa, kazalika da tarar aeronautics - balloons, bincike, airships, da dai sauransu .

The classic halitta na dokar ya furta cewa, da buoyancy daidaita da nauyi na ruwa cewa displaces a jiki na nutsa cikin zurfin shi. A karkashin wannan definition dabara ãyõyi sauqi: idan muka ɗauka cewa juz'i na wani jiki na nutsa cikin wani ruwa ne daidai Yã, kuma da rabo daga ruwa - p, sa'an nan su samfurin ne da ake so Archimedes karfi. A dabara domin ta lissafi aka rubuta kamar haka:

F = p * Game da

Very sau da yawa shi ne gwada wa sa ga gwajin Archimedes 'manufa game da gas - da yawa daban-daban yawa daga cikin ruwa da kuma iskar gas. Ga masu shakka da fairly sauki gwaji. A dambe, tare da iska fitarwa wuri a kan Sikeli manyan ball, misali, gilashin, kuma karfe nauyi daidaita shi.

Saboda haka, a cikin iska da ball ta nauyi da aka adalci da nauyin da ma'aunin nauyi da zai iya rubuta da lissafi PM = K.Mag bayyana ta, saboda abubuwa adalci. Idan da farko ɗauka cewa Archimedes 'manufa da yake da inganci, sa'an nan da nauyi a kan ball da kuma karfi na Archimedes FSH da kuma FG, sa'an nan da yanayin ma'auni za a iya sake rubutawa:

Pm = Rsh1 - FSH da K.Mag = WG1 - FG inda Rsh1 WG1 da ball nauyi da kuma nauyi a cikin injin. Sa'an nan kuma muka ci gaba kamar yadda aka koyar a makaranta: Rsh1 - PN = WG1 - FG, inda Rsh1 = WG1 - FG + Photoshop = WG1 + (F w - FG).

Yanzu muna bukatar - bukatar ya bayyana da abinda ke ciki na buoyancy sojojin da ball da kaya masu nauyi: PN = p * Osh da FY = p * GR.

Yin da canzawa dabi'u na buoyancy sojojin a cikin magana ga Rsh1.

Rsh1 = WG1 - FG + PN = WG1 + (p * Osh - p * GR) = WG1 + p * (OSH - Oz).

A karshe, mun samu zuwa da nauyin da ball a cikin m magana wadda, a cikin ra'ayi na gaskiya cewa Osh> Og, ya fita ba shakka: da nauyin da ball a wõfintattu mafi nauyi zuwa nauyi, ko da yake a cikin iska da kuma su ne daidaita: Rsh1 = WG1 + p * (Osh - Og ).

Dalilin wannan ƙarshe shi ne cewa Archimedes karfi dogara a kan takamaiman nauyi na iska da kuma girma na wani Sphere. A wannan yanayin, duba wannan ƙarshe ne mai sauqi qwarai - shi wajibi ne don tsotso iska daga cikin akwatin. Idan ka yi haka, za ka iya kaina tabbatar da cewa doka ne na shari'a, da kuma shi ne yake aikata kowane lokaci, ko ina - biyu a cikin ruwa da kuma a cikin iskar gas. Hujja da wannan da aka tsallake, da a baya daidaita awo, ball.

Na'ura, wanda sosai zama - da ci gaba da zanga-zanga da Archimedes 'manufa a dukan siffofin, shi ne wani submarine. Regulation da nauyi jirgin ruwa domin ganin duk tafiya zabin yin amfani da ballast tankuna - wani m misali na yin amfani a yi shi ne sosai tsoho binciken a zamani yanayi.