Artist Alfons Muha. Kerawa. Biography. photo

Alfons Muha - Czech fenta, sunansa ya zama wata alama ce da West na Golden Age na zanen, kusan ba a sani ba a cikin kasar. A halin yanzu, da talented artist ya bar mai zurfi alama a cikin tarihi na art, ta hanyar gabatar da kansa musamman style, har yanzu Bears sunan "Mucha style". Mene ne asiri, kuma da bala'i na da wani rabo shahara artist? Wannan shi ne mu labarin.

biography

Alfons Muha aka haife shi a 1860 a garin Ivancice (Moravia). Mahaifinsa kotun hukuma, da shi da uwa tasa - 'yar wani m Miller. Tun suna yara, yaron nuna su m son zuciyoyinsu, fascinated da waƙa. Tuni a cikin makaranta shekaru na fara zana, kuma bayan kammala karatu daga makarantar sakandare yanke shawarar shigar da Prague Academy of Arts. Jarrabawa ya gaza, don haka dole ne ya nemi wani aikin. The mahaifin shirya ɗanta wata magatakarda a cikin kotu, da kuma a cikin kayayyakin lokaci, Alfons Muha moonlights a cikin gidan wasan kwaikwayo. Ya yi kokarin hannunsa a matsayin actor, sa'an nan decorator posters. Yana wani lokaci na m cikin ɓata da kuma neman kansa. Ga wasu lokaci ya yi aiki kafa zanen ga gidan wasan kwaikwayo, sai kuma aka gayyace zuwa cin ganuwar Count tsabar kudin-Belhassen castle. Graf, wanda ganin darajarsa da gwaninta na artist ya amince ya biya domin karatu a Academy of Arts a Munich.

fitarwa

Bayan horo Alfons Muha koma Paris. Amma da cewa lokaci ya zama majiɓinci mutu, kuma artist aka bar ba tare da wani abincinsu. Don yin abin da yake so, bukatar tsada Paints, goge da takarda. Don ciyar da kansu, nan gaba Celebrity tilasta Bama rayuwa ta yin Banners, posters, gayyata kuma kalandarku. Amma rabo m zuwa baiwa. Wata irin wannan doka halin musanya rai na Alfonso. Sara Bernar, sanannen actress, to wakiltar wani da aka rubuta domin Fly, ya bada shawarar shi a matsayin "Renaissance" sarki decorator na wasan kwaikwayo. The artist zama nan take shahara. Umarni ga posters da kuma billboards for daban-daban kayayyaki ba irinta. A lokaci guda, Alfons Muha fara rubuta asali zane-zane da kuma shirya sirri nune-nunen a Paris.

son

New lokacin a rayuwa suna hade da Paris. A nan, a National Theatre, Fly ya gana da wani matashi Czech mace, Mariey Hitilovoy. A yarinya wanda yake da shekaru 20 da ƙaramin, da dama cikin soyayya da wani ɗan wasa da kuma ta shirya wani taro tare da shi. Maria zama Alphonse sabon Muse, na biyu soyayya a rayuwa kamar yadda shi da kansa ya nuna, bayan da mahaifarsa. A shekarar 1906, master ya auri Maryam. Daga baya aka haife 'ya'ya mata biyu da kuma wani ɗã. A lokaci guda, Mucha mayar da su cikin USA a bisa gayyatar da American Society of Illustrators, inda ya ci gaba da aiki har sai 1910. A nan sai ya yi na'am da dama umarni ga hotuna, kazalika da lecturing a New York University. Amma mafarki ba bar mahaifarsa na artist, kuma ya zarar koma zuwa Jamhuriyar Czech.

Last haraji ga mahaifarsa

Bayan ya dawo zuwa Prague Alfons Muha, wanda zane-zane da aka sani a duk faɗin duniya, ya fara da mafi m aiki. Ya bã ta yin ciki rubuta monumental canvases, wanda ya siffanta da tarihi na Slavic mutane. A 1928, marubucin ƙarasa, "Slavic almara" kuma ta bada yarenta Prague. A daidai wannan lokacin ne ke da aiki a kan halittar kwari na aikin banknotes da kan sarki da m Czechoslovakia. All rayuwata Alphonse ba a daina koyo da kuma inganta da m iyawa.

manta baiwa

Bayan da 30-ies ban sha'awa a cikin kerawa gardama fara fada da kuma farkon 2nd yakin duniya kuma shi ya aikata yi jerin makiyan III Reich. Ya aka sa a kurkuku a kan zargin da anti-Nazi farfaganda da kasa jin zuciya. Bayan jerin kama da interrogations a 1939 Alphonse mutu daga ciwon huhu, a 1939 kafin ya iya buga memoirs. Mucha aka binne shi a Jamhuriyar Czech a Vyšehrad hurumi.

iyali

Mucha ya rayu mai tsawo da kuma m rayuwa, da barin baya da wani talented zuriyarsa. Maria, mai dalibi da kuma matar maigidansa, tsira da mijinta da shekaru 20. Jiri, da artist ta dan, ya zama sananne jarida da kuma 'yar da jikoki gaji master m. Saboda haka, jikanyar Jarmila Mucha, wanda shi ne har yanzu da rai, ya halicci wani aikin ga halittar ado kayayyakin bisa almara da kakansa.

halittar

Alfons Muha, wanda zane-zane sun zama m ba kawai a gida amma kuma a wasu ƙasashe, domin rayuwarsa ya iya cimma ban mamaki nasara. Bayan nazari a Brno, sa'an nan a Munich, kuma Paris, ya ya fara aiki tare da marubucin na zane-zane a fashion mujallu. Tana hada kai da yawa da suka shahara mujallu da jaridu, irin su "Mutane rayuwar", "Le Figaro" da "manyan mukaman Life", da artist ɓullo da kansa, musamman style. Sai a wannan lokaci da tsanani aikin, kamar "Tarihin Jamus". Juya a cikin rabo na Kudaje faru a 1893, lokacin da ya karbi wani tsari daga yau da kullum da wasan kwaikwayo "Renaissance" a Poster daga cikin play "Zhismonda". The gabatar halarci Sara Bernar. Great actress aka fascinated da aiki. Ta so ya hadu da kaina da marubucin da Poster. Kamar yadda ta daga baya ya jaddada Alphonse ya zama sarki zanen na wasan kwaikwayo "Renaissance". Saboda haka tashi ba zato ba tsammani ya zama daya daga cikin rare artists a Paris. Ya fara rubuta takardar kudi, posters, katunan gaisuwa. Ya zane-zane da ya fara yi ado mafi gaye gidajen cin abinci da kuma Ladies 'boudoirs. A wannan lokacin, da artist Alphonse Mucha rubuta sanannen jerin "Seasons" zane-zane, "Stars", "watan". Yau, da ubangijinsa ayyuka suna kunshe a cikin tarin na gidajen tarihi a duniya, da kuma a Prague akwai wani gidan kayan gargajiya lizimta da ibãda a cikin ayyukan da ya shahara countryman.

Mafi shahara jerin zane-zane

A gardama a cikin rayuwarsa ya rubuta da dama da ɗari zane-zane da kuma posters. Daga cikin shahararrun ayyukan zauna wani gagarumin wuri daga cikin shahararrun jerin "Seasons", "Flowers", "watan", "Gems", da kuma rare a ko'ina cikin duniya "Slav Epic". Ka yi la'akari da tarihi na rubuce-rubuce, mafi shahara zane-zane na marubucin.

"Slav Epic"

A karshen rayuwarsa da artist Alphonse Mucha bã ta yin ciki ƙirƙirar jerin ayyukan game da tarihin Slavic mutane. Domin kare kanka da mafarkansu master aka je aiki a Amurka, inda ya tilasta yin aiki tukuru, samar da posters da kuma billboards. Ideas for nan gaba zane-zane Mucha tattara a lokacin tafiyarka a cikin Slavic kasashe, ciki har da Rasha. Aiki a kan "Epic" yana da shekaru 20. A sakamakon haka, Alphonse rubuta 20 zane-zane da aunawa 6 da 8 mita. Wadannan zane-zane suna cike da kwanciyar hankali, da hikima da kuma na ibada, suna dauke da mafi kyau na ayyukan da ya yi. The zane-zane ya bayyana tarihin da dama al'ummai. Alal misali, aikin "The Battle of Grunwald" ya gaya mana game da saki da Lithuania da kuma Poland, wanda sun tsaya yaƙi da 'Yan Salibiyya. A nan ne taƙaitaccen bayanin irin hoto. Alfons Muha kunshe a cikin labarin ne real abubuwan tarihin da ya faru a cikin karni XIII a Turai. The aiki ne cike da baƙin ciki da kuma juyayinsu game da rabo daga cikin Slavic mutane a wuya lokaci na jini yaƙe-yaƙe. A kowane daga cikin zanen jerin "The Slav Epic" da artist nuna imani a cikin haske nan gaba daga mutãnensa. A mafi yawan sanannun aiki a cikin wannan jerin dauke da zanen "The Apotheosis na Slavic tarihi." A kan zane dake nuna kawai kwanuka huɗu na ci gaba Slavic al'adu da tarihi: zamanin d duniya, tsakiyar zamanai, wani lokaci na zalunci da kuma wani haske nan gaba. A cikin hoto na gane duk fasaha da kuma iyawa daga cikin manyan artist. Babban manufar halittar Kudaje - taimaka wa mutane su fahimci juna da kuma zama kusa. Bayan kammala babban aikin da ransa Alphonse gabatar da wani dukan jerin hotuna da ya ƙaunataccen birni na Prague. A aikin da aka kammala a 1928, amma tun sa'an nan a Prague, akwai wani dakin ajiya da kuma nuni da irin manyan sikelin-zane-zane, "Slav Epic", da farko nuna a Palace na bikin da kuma bayan yaki da aka sanya a daya daga cikin Moravian gidãje. A jama'a nuni bayan da yaki, da ayyukan da aka nuna ne kawai a shekarar 1963. Don wannan rana, mazauna da kuma baƙi iya ji dadin wannan kyauta daga wani shahararren mai gida, wanda sunan shi Alfons Muha.

"Seasons"

A ƙarshen XIX karni artist ne rayayye aiki a kan zane-zane domin manyan mukaman fashion mujallar "Kokoriko". A ta shafukan karo na farko ya bayyana jerin zane-zane, gouache da fensir, mai taken "12 months". Aiki daban-daban irin salon da kuma asali, yana da kawai kamar masu karatu. A Figures wakiltar siffar m mata da bushy gashi kuma da kyau adadi. Duk da Ladies duba m da kuma riya. A m da m mace, na nutsa cikin zurfin teku na furanni, ko da yaushe aka nuna a cikin cibiyar na aiki. Hoto siffatawa dadi na fure kayayyaki, sanya a Gabas style. A shekarar 1986, marubucin ya rubuta ado bangarori "The hudu yanayi" don ajiye hoton na allahntaka beauties. Yanzu da aikin da aka yi amfani da gouache da tawada, amma style kasance iri guda. Pictures ya fito a iyakance jerin, amma da sauri sayar fita. Bangarori buga a kan m takarda ko siliki, kuma sun rataye a cikin falo, boudoirs kuma daban-daban gidajen cin abinci. All Figures ne daban-daban moods da launuka, wanda aka zaba a hankali Alfons Muha. Spring, misali, wanda aka nuna a cikin pastel kodadde ruwan hoda. Summer - via mai haske kore inuwõyinta suna kusa, kaka - m orange, da kuma hunturu - sanyi-m. A wannan yanayin, duk da zane-zane ne cike da fara'a, taushi da kuma ni'ima.

posters

Da farko Poster artist fentin a 1882. Ya sauri lura cewa, wannan ne mai matukar riba kasuwanci. Gaskiya ne, shi ne ba a sani ba idan artist samu umarni ba sosai. Ya fentin posters for daban-daban Theatrical productions. Bayan isowa daga cikin shahararsa (godiya Sarah Bernhardt) an zama daya daga cikin manyan artists na manyan mukaman talla. A posters daidai da asali "style Mucha" (don haka mai suna kawai daga baya). Pictures of daban-daban jikewa da launuka da cikakken bayani. Ya qagaggun, yawanci suke nuna languid alatu na 'yan mata, ya fara da za a buga a cikin nau'i na posters a fashion mujallu da jaridu. "Women Fly" (kamar yadda suka fara kira a Paris) diverge dubban kofe a posters, kalandarku, Playing cards, promotional tasirin. The artist halitta tasirin for ashana, kekuna da kuma shampen. Daga cikin mai kyau domin kawai ba su da hasken wuta daga, da kuma dukan of Paris sani wanda shi ne Alfons Muha. Poster (bayanin irin zane "The Hudu Seasons" riga ya gabatar a sama) wajibi ne don ku ɗanɗana darektan na daya daga cikin shahararrun wallafa "Champenois" da kuma artist ƙarasa garabasa kwangila tare da shi. Daga baya, aiki a nahiyar Amirka, da maigida ya ci gaba da aiki a kan jerin hotuna, sunã tsirfatãwa mafarkin "Slav Epic". Har yanzu, wadannan ayyukan da master an replicated a ko'ina cikin duniya a matsayin wani gaye art posters.

Alfons Mucha Museum a Prague

Shi ne kadai na aikin gidan kayan gargajiya na artist. Yana da aka bude a 1998 da zuriyarsa daga cikin shahararrun master. Lãbãri gabatar a cikin dakunan, magana game da rayuwa da kuma aiki na wani gwani mai zane-zane. Masu ziyara samu to Mucha gidan kayan gargajiya, su saba da jerin art posters, halitta da marubucin a karshen cikin XIX karni. The ayyukansu daidai da ladabi da kyau na mace haruffa, don haka ƙaunataccen artist. Nan za ka iya ganin shahara Poster ga Theatrical samar da "Zhismonda" cewa canza rayuwar wani baiwa. Ya fara da wannan m "Mucha style" cewa bambanta aikinsa daga duk da magabata. Bugu da ƙari kuma, baƙi za su iya ji dadin ruhun "Tarurrukan" da Czech jihar a cikin nau'i na kan sarki da kuma banknotes, wanda da zanen da kansa ya Alphonse. Muhimmanci wuri a cikin gidan kayan gargajiya sadaukar da shahara zane-zane "Slavic almara." Baƙi zai koyi da cikakken bayani game da sirri rai na marubucin. A gidan kayan gargajiya siffofi da hotunan da model da kuma abokai na babban artist, kazalika da almara don ya nan gaba ayyukansu.

ƙarshe

Alfons Muha ba Yunƙurin zuwa wani sabon salon a art, ya zama wani abin koyi ga da dama sanannun artists na XIX-XX ƙarni. "Style kwari", ma'ana, Narinderjot da kuma sauki unsophisticated kallo, shi ne har yanzu rare daga zamani artists da kuma zanen kaya. Daya iya jin rai na marubucin, ya poignant soyayya na kasar da kuma mai ban ji da kyau. Bold sensuality hotuna da marubucin da tafi bata sha'awa, fascinates da surprises wanda gano wannan na musamman da kuma m "Mucha style". Duk wannan ya sa halittar Mucha gagarumin milestone a cikin tarihi na duniya art.