Asali shanu holmogorskaja: description, halaye, da siffofin tabbatarwa da kuma kiwo

Breeds na kiwo shanu m shugabanci, akwai mutane da yawa. Daya daga cikin mafi rare da tartsatsi a cikin kasar ne holmogorskaja. Bred wannan irin kasance a cikin Arkhangelsk yankin kuma yana daya daga cikin tsofaffin m.

A kadan tarihi

A farko ya ambaci game da wannan irin kasance a cikin 18th karni. Ga mutane da yawa ƙarni wadannan shanu girma a Kholmogory District na Arkhangelsk yankin a makiyaya da fasaha. Daga 1693 zuwa 1728 a cikin wannan yanki fidgeted dabbõbi daga wasu ƙasashe. Bayan Arkhangelsk ya kasance kullum daya daga cikin mafi muhimmanci Rasha kasuwanci mashigai. Magabatan zamani holmogorki, ta haka, ban da na gida shanu ne Dutch kuma Holstein. A sakamakon shekaru zabin yanayi sun zama sosai m, Hardy kuma undemanding don kula da dabbobi. Hukumance, irin da aka yi wa rajista a 1937. Tun wannan lokacin, a mafi, da kuma aikin da aka mayar da hankali a kan inganta shi.

Modern Kholmogory irin shanu: description da halaye

Babban hallmarks Astrakhan RNC ne:

• wani elongated jiki;
• dogon kafafu.
• m topline.
• zurfin kunkuntar kirji.
• da raya ass.

Mafi sau da yawa Kholmogory shanu ne baki da fari kwat da wando. Wani lokaci akwai ma ja da roɗi-roɗi, baki ko ja dabbobi. Udders na shanu a wadannan tsakiyar size cylindrical nonna. karshe tsawon iya Range daga 6.5 zuwa 9 cm. Wasu mutane suna yadu rabu nonna, wasu suna kusa da juna.

yawan aiki

Kholmogory saniya - manyan dabbobi. Weight adult kajin iya isa 480-590 kg sa - 850-950 kg. The nauyi da wannan irin 'yan maruƙa bayan haihuwa ya kai 32-39 kg. Kashe nauyi na 'yan maruƙa - 52-60%.

Duk da manyan size, girma shanu asali holmogorskaja yafi na madara. A wannan batun, dabba yawan aiki ne 3600-5000 kg. Daga wasu Kholmogory rekordistok za a iya samu, da kuma fiye da 10,000 kg na madara da lactation.

Ina kisan aure?

Abinda a kasar mu gene pool ajiya Kholmogory irin ne a Arkhangelsk plempredprijatija. Saboda haka, daskarewa a cikin ruwa nitrogen, da iri da bijimai aika zuwa yankuna da dama na kasar Rasha. Girma dabbõbi asali holmogorskaja a cikin kasar a ko'ina. Duk da haka, mafi yadu amfani dabbõbi samu a Udmurtia, Tatarstan, Moscow, Arkhangelsk da Kirov yankuna. Wadannan shanu ne m ba kawai a Rasha. Fĩfĩta ne ma aka ba wa irin, da yawa manoma a Moldova da Ukraine.

Amfani ko rashin amfani

Hakika, kamar wani, Kholmogory irin shanu da shi yana da biyu da amfani ko rashin amfani. Tsohon hada da farko:

• precocity da haihuwa;
• m girma.
• jimiri, da juriya ga m weather dalilai.
• jure cututtuka daban-daban.

Wasu rashin Kholmogory irin shi ne cewa, wani lokacin bayyana a cikin zuriyar dabbobi mutane da m kafafu, ba ma mai zurfi kirji da kunkuntar raya. Lokacin da girma a kan matalauta Kholmogory saniya makiyaya kusan ba rage yawan aiki. Duk da haka, a cikin lokaci a kan gonaki, a mafi yawan lokuta diluted Mix wannan irin tare da Holstein. Irin wannan hybrids samar da karin madara. Duk da haka, su ne mafi wuya da ingancin reno. Kholmogorskaya irin da ta hybrids an yarda asali a cikin duk yankuna na kasar mu da wani sauyin yanayi, gami da sanyi.

abinda ke ciki Features

A kula da shanu asali holmogorskaja sosai taxing. The kawai wahala ne girma ci gaban daidaita cin abincin nasu. Tare da kasawa da wasu abubuwa, ko underfeeding wadannan shanu iya ajiye muhimmanci a cikin aiki. M ciyar kaiwa da farko ya nuna gaskiyar cewa Kholmogory dabbõbi rage lactation. Daga cikin abubuwan, a kan madara samar da waɗannan dabbobi ne ya rinjayi irin dalilai kamar:

• matakin shirye-shiryen da hotel.
• daidai milking yau da kullum.

Don samun mai kyau da ake samu daga madara holmogorskaja irin shanu dole ne a girma a kan wannan ciyarwa yadda Rama da sunflower cake, hatsi da ciyawa garwayayye leguminous amfanin gona, kazalika da kyau matasa hay. A cikin hunturu rabon abinci yawanci hada high quality-silage.

Kula da majiya karfi

Maruƙa Kholmogory irin har sai da shekaru ashirin-rana dauke, tare da uwayensu. Bugu da ari, suna canjawa wuri zuwa na musamman wuraren ga matasa da kuma sa a cikin ƙungiyar sashe. Bayan kai 8-watan haihuwa maruƙa suna harhada daidai da ci gaba da kuma kasa. Ga kowane kananan shanu su ci abinci raba abinci, compulsorily dauke da bitamin da kuma ma'adinai kari.

selection

A halin yanzu, aikin inganta holmogorki a Arkhangelsk yankin, ba shakka, ya ci gaba. A kokarin da shayarwa suna da farko da nufin kara madara yawan amfanin ƙasa. Holmogorskaja ingantattun irin na shanu, da halayyar abin da aka bai sama, daki-daki, a gonaki biyu main fasahar:

1. Mikakke. A wannan yanayin, da dutse halaye an inganta ta yin amfani da matsayin mafi kyau kera bijimai Manuniya. Domin purebred dabbõbi Mala'iku plempredprijatija halitta maniyyi ajiye domin 564 dubu. Allurai.
2. Kiwo a cikin iyalansu. A wannan yanayin, selection na mafi kyau samfurori samar ta hanyar da masu juna biyu line.

Bugu da kari ga m kiwo, a wasu gonaki, kamar yadda aka ambata riga, kuma gudanar da golshtinizatcii holmogorskogo shanu. Yana kuma ba ka damar ƙara yawan aiki na kiwo shanu. Duk da haka Holstein hybrids ne ba kawai mafi wuya ga feed, amma kuma rinka tsufa da wuri. Na purebred Kholmogory saniya ta madara za a iya samar da biyar lactations. Daga hybrids - uku kawai. A mafi gidaje hybrids suna bred da golshtinskih genes raba ba fiye da 50%.

Kholmogory irin shanu: farashin matasa

Wadannan shanu ne ba musamman tsada. Bayan duk, ba su samun saki kasashen waje da kuma a kasar mu. A kudin bijimi guda ne game da 13 dubu. Rubles. Wannan ne farashin da maraƙi shekaru 2 months. Watan sa ko maraƙi za a iya saya don 11 dubu. Rubles.

Kholmogory irin shanu, don haka - daya daga cikin mafi kyau a cikin kasar. Abũbuwan amfãni da shi kawai wata babbar adadin. Tare da kula da ta dace selection na kiwon waddan nan dabbobin iya zama mafi riba da garabasa.