Austria harshe. The hukuma harshen Austria

Austria harshe ne bambance-bambancen da misali Jamus. Yana yana da rubuce da kuma baka form. Ana amfani da a Austria da kuma arewacin Italiya. Wannan harshe ne dauke da mafi muhimmanci a yankin. Shi ne babban kafofin watsa labarai da sauran m yanayi. A rayuwar yau da kullum, mafi Austrians amfani da Bavarian da Alemannic yare na Jamus.

A Jamhuriyar Austria

Harshe, wanda shi ne yanzu an hukuma a jihar, an haife shi a tsakiyar XVIII karni. A 1774, Empress Maria Theresa da ta ɗansa Yusufu II gabatar wajibi makaranta. A wannan lokacin, da Habsburg Empire ya multilingual. Rubuta nagartacce suna dauke "High Jamus". A gagarumin tasiri a kan shi da Bavarian da Alemannic yaruka. Masanin ilimin harsuna Johann Sigmund Popovich shawara don ƙirƙirar sabuwar tuta. Its akai ya kamata ya zama Kudu-German yaruka. Duk da haka, domin m dalilai, an yanke shawarar zuwa ƙarfafa matsayin misali "ofishin Saxon" harshe. Da farko, an yi amfani da matsayin administrative a Meissen da kuma Dresden.

Modern Austria - a kasashen Turai, babban birnin kasar - Vienna. Yana aka kẽwayesu a kan arewa ta Jamus. Austria yawan reserves na 8,66 mutane miliyan. Yana aka mamaye 'yan asalin mutane. Daga cikin kabilu - Jamus, Serbs da Turks. A duka yankin na jihar ne 83,879 murabba'in kilomita. Austria Jamus ne softer kuma mafi melodic, taimaka da m amfani da kari na baya baki - l. A wannan harshe, ya ce 88,6% na al'ummar jihar. Dukansu rubuta da kuma magana da harshen da mazaunan Austria ya bambanta daga hukuma Jamus harshe. Mafi yawa daga duk shi ya dubi kamar Bavarian yare.

Saboda haka, aikin hukuma harshen Austria ne na wannan kasa asalin, da Sweden da kuma Jamus a zahiri. Duk da haka, kowace} asa na da yaruka. Wannan raba rubuta fom da aka yi amfani da shekaru da yawa. Yana da matukar hadaddun a cikin nahawu tsarin da ƙamus. "Saxon stationery" harshen ba sauki fahimta, ko da halin Austrians da kuma Jamus. Akwai da yawa fasaha sharuddan. A wannan tsari babu wani yanki iri, tun lokacin da aka yi amfani da gwamnati, wanda yana da shekaru da yawa da ke zaune a birnin Vienna. Yau, an yi amfani da kasa da kuma kasa, a cikin takardun da shi a hankali ya sauya misali Jamus.

Modern Austria harshe

New rubuta misali da aka ɓullo da Joseph von Sonnenfels. Ana amfani da zamani a litattafan tun 1951. Suka wallafa da tarayya Department of Education, Gargajiya da Al'adu na Austria. Kafin wannan, domin kusan shekaru 300 da aka dauke shi da daidaitaccen yare, wanda ake magana da Habsburg na sarki iyali da kuma nobility. Ya aka bambanta da wani babban mataki na hanci sauti idan aka kwatanta da na yanzu version. Harshe ya ba da aka kafa a matsayin misali - An magana da high jama'a.

Jamus ne na aikin harshe a Austria, bisa ga kundin tsarin mulki na Jamhuriyar. An ake magana ta game da 8 mutane miliyan. A dokar ma tabbatar da harsuna na kasa da 'yan tsiraru. A Carinthia da Styria amfani Basulabe a Burgenland - Hungarian da Croatian.

kamar yadda wani yare

Jamus plyuritsentrichen. Saboda haka ba shi yiwuwa a ce wanda na siffofin, soma kamar yadda wani jami'in a sauran jihohi, daidai ne. Austria harshen alama ya zama daya daga cikin iri na misali Jamus. A halin da ake ciki shi ne kama da dangantaka tsakanin Burtaniya da American English. Akwai bambanci a wasu daga cikin qananan al'amurran (misali, pronunciation, ƙamus, nahawu), duk da haka, mutane na Austria da Jamus iya sadarwa.

Standard Jamus a Austria

Official Dictionary ma'anar dokoki na nahawu da pronunciation, sanya a jihar. The latest garambawul dauki wuri a 1996. Duk da haka, da Jamhuriyar Austria yana amfani da harshen da dan kadan daban fiye da suka yi a Jamus. Musamman m bambance-bambance a dafuwa, tattalin arziki da kuma shari'a sharuddan. Wannan shi ne saboda tarihi peculiarities na samuwar Austria da Jamus a matsayin raba jihohin a cikin marigayi XIX karni.

Grammar da ƙamus

Austria Jamus yare, kamar Swiss, yana amfani da iso ga aikatau sein a cikin m siga, ba kawai ga magana daga motsi, amma kuma jihar. A jawabin form preterituma kusan ba ya tambaya. A ware wasu Fi'ilol.in. Austria Jamus harshe ne ma daban-daban a cikin lexical sharuddan. Alal misali, a kasar Jamus a watan Janairu nazyvayut Janairu. A Austria - Jänner, «wannan shekara," fassara a matsayin heur, kuma ba dieses Jahr, «bene» - Stiege, ba Treppe, «bututun hayaki» - Rauchfang, maimakon Schornstein. Mutane da yawa daban-daban administrative, doka da kuma siyasa sharuddan, samfurin sunayen. Daga cikin su:

• Dankali. Jamus - Kartoffeln. A Austria - Erdäpfel.
• Amma Yesu bai guje cream. Jamus - Schlagsahne. A Austria - Schlagobers.
• Naman sa. Jamus - Hackfleisch. A Austria - Faschiertes.
• Green wake. Jamus - Kartoffeln. A Austria - Erdäpfel.
• Farin kabeji. Jamus - Blumenkohl. A Austria - Karfiol.
• Brussels sprouts. Jamus - Rosenkohl. A Austria - Kohlsprossen.
• Apricots. Jamus - Aprikosen. A Austria - Marillen.
• Tumatur. Jamus - Paradeiser. A Austria - Tomaten.
• Pancakes. Jamus - Pfannkuchen. A Austria - Palatschinken.
• Soya. Jamus - Quark. A Austria - Topfen.
• Horseradish. Jamus - Meerrettich. A Austria - Kren.

Kada mu manta game da "ƙarya abokai" fassara. Wasu daga cikin kalmomi a duka harsunan an rattaba kalma guda amma da sosai daban-daban ma'ana.

yankin al'amurran

Austria Jamus harshe ya hada da wani yawan yaruka. Su za a iya ji a yau da kullum magana. Mazauna Bavaria ne sauki ga fahimtar Austrians. Simple kalmomi ne m, ko sosai kama a cikin yaruka da yawa, amma su za a iya kiransa. Shi ne sau da yawa m ganin haifuwa daga tushen, kusan nan da nan. Bayan Austria ta Accession da Tarayyar Turai, da hukuma harshen da aka kare ta layinhantsaki lambar 10. Number 23, ajalin da aka kasaftawa, wanda ya kasance a cikin Sphere na aikin noma. Ya kamata a lura cewa wannan shi ne wani mataki mai hali. Austria Jamus ne kawai pluricentric harshe wanda aka gane ta kasa da kasa ko Turai dokar.